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Although the theory of excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in autism pathogenesis is well established, early developmental alterations in the hippocampus remain insufficiently characterized. Alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons and their markers are thought to underlie synaptic changes in inhibitory circuits. Therefore, this study was designed to: (1) quantify glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron populations in the hippocampus; (2) characterize inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in primary hippocampal neurons; and (3) assess gene expression of selected GABAergic markers in two autism-like animal models, namely\n                    <jats:italic>Shank3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient mice and prenatally valproate (VPA)-exposed rats. A reduced proportion of GABAergic neurons was observed in the hippocampus of both models. An increase in the number of glutamatergic neurons was found only in the hippocampus of prenatally VPA-exposed rats. This was accompanied by a decrease in IPSC frequency in primary hippocampal neurons from prenatally VPA-exposed rats, while no significant changes were found in\n                    <jats:italic>Shank3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient mice. Altered temporal dynamics of inhibitory synaptic transmission were demonstrated in both models by a decreased cumulative probability of inter-event intervals for inhibitory currents. Furthermore, reduced gene expression levels of\n                    <jats:italic>Gabarap<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Gabarapl1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected in\n                    <jats:italic>Shank3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient mice, whereas decreased\n                    <jats:italic>Gat1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression level was found in prenatally VPA-exposed rats at postnatal day 5. These findings strongly support the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance hypothesis in ASD. Thus, genetic or environmentally induced GABAergic changes in the hippocampus may underlie hippocampus-dependent social memory alterations in ASD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-025-04590-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:17:29Z","timestamp":1761815849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Altered Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission and Changes in GABAergic Markers in the Hippocampus of Genetic and Environmental Animal Model of Autism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-922X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bohumila","family":"Jurkovi\u010dov\u00e1-Tarabov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vargovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3112-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denisa","family":"Mihalj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2119-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Havr\u00e1nek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2593-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Jakub\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00f3f","family":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Ba\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Bako\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01081-0","volume":"7","author":"CC Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang CC, Lin LS, Long S, Ke XY, Fukunaga K, Lu YM, Han F (2022) Signalling pathways in autism spectrum disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. 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