{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T20:05:52Z","timestamp":1785269152156,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["2023A1515140070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515140070"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China","award":["2023A1515011897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011897"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou","award":["2024B03J0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B03J0904"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou","award":["2024B03J0904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B03J0904"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-025-04602-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T15:26:15Z","timestamp":1762788375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel H2S Donor Suppresses Pilocarpine-Induced Seizures Through TREM2 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xutao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TianTian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuisheng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106027","volume":"178","author":"B Villasana-Salazar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Villasana-Salazar B, Vezzani A (2023) Neuroinflammation microenvironment sharpens seizure circuit. Neurobiol Dis 178:106027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106027","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"39","key":"4602_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13785","volume":"58","author":"ML Barker-Haliski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barker-Haliski ML, Loscher W, White HS, Galanopoulou AS (2017) Neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis: Insights and translational perspectives from new models of epilepsy, EPILEPSIA 58 Suppl 3. EPILEPSIA 58(39):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13785","journal-title":"EPILEPSIA"},{"key":"4602_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.02.023","volume":"570","author":"MM Shokr","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shokr MM, Eladawy RM (2025) HMGB1: different secretion pathways with pivotal role in epilepsy and major depressive disorder. Neuroscience 570:55\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.02.023","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"4602_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70065","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Perucca E, Berkovic SF, Perucca P (2025) Precision therapies for genetic epilepsies in 2025: promises and pitfalls. Epilepsia Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.70065","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"4602_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106249","volume":"185","author":"C Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu C, Deng XJ, Xu D (2023) Microglia in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 185:106249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106249","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4602_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.03.017","volume":"112","author":"AD Umpierre","year":"2024","unstructured":"Umpierre AD, Li B, Ayasoufi K, Simon WL, Zhao S, Xie M, Thyen G, Hur B, Zheng J, Liang Y, Bosco DB, Maynes MA, Wu Z, Yu X, Sung J, Johnson AJ, Li Y, Wu LJ (2024) Microglial P2Y(6) calcium signaling promotes phagocytosis and shapes neuroimmune responses in epileptogenesis. Neuron 112(12):1959\u20131977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.03.017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"4602_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176851","volume":"980","author":"GA Badawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Badawi GA, Shokr MM, Elshazly SM, Zaki HF, Mohamed AF (2024) Sigma-1 receptor modulation by clemastine highlights its repurposing as neuroprotective agent against seizures and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled rats. Eur J Pharmacol 980:176851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176851","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4602_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26189069","author":"GC Njoku","year":"2025","unstructured":"Njoku GC, Kanmogne GD (2025) Microglial dysfunction and amyloid-beta pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26189069","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4602_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00415-2","volume":"15","author":"T Natunen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Natunen T, Martiskainen H, Marttinen M, Gabbouj S, Koivisto H, Kemppainen S, Kaipainen S, Takalo M, Svobodov\u00e1 H, Lepp\u00e4nen L, Kemil\u00e4inen B, Ryh\u00e4nen S, Kuulasmaa T, Rahunen E, Juutinen S, M\u00e4kinen P, Miettinen P, Rauramaa T, Pihlajam\u00e4ki J, Haapasalo A, Leinonen V, Tanila H, Hiltunen M (2020) Diabetic phenotype in mouse and humans reduces the number of microglia around \u03b2-amyloid plaques. Mol Neurodegener 15(1):66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-020-00415-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"4602_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.09.034","volume":"123","author":"DB Bosco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bosco DB, Kremen V, Haruwaka K, Zhao S, Wang L, Ebner BA, Zheng J, Xie M, Dheer A, Perry JF, Barath A, Nguyen AT, Worrell GA, Wu LJ (2025) Microglial TREM2 promotes phagocytic clearance of damaged neurons after status epilepticus. Brain Behav Immun 123:540\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.09.034","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"4602_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.009","volume":"295","author":"SK Wyatt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wyatt SK, Witt T, Barbaro NM, Cohen-Gadol AA, Brewster AL (2017) Enhanced classical complement pathway activation and altered phagocytosis signaling molecules in human epilepsy. Exp Neurol 295:184\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4602_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210041","volume":"88","author":"M Stoiljkovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stoiljkovic M, Gutierrez KO, Kelley C, Horvath TL, Hajos M (2022) TREM2 deficiency disrupts network oscillations leading to epileptic activity and aggravates Amyloid-beta-Related hippocampal pathophysiology in mice. J ALZHEIMERS DIS 88(3):837\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-210041","journal-title":"J ALZHEIMERS DIS"},{"issue":"4","key":"4602_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10975","volume":"43","author":"C Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li C, Zhao B, Lin C, Gong Z, An X (2019) TREM2 inhibits inflammatory responses in mouse microglia by suppressing the PI3K\/NF-\u03baB signaling. Cell Biol Int 43(4):360\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbin.10975","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"4602_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14172926","author":"MM Shokr","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shokr MM, Eladawy RM, Azar YO, Al RS (2025) Probiotics and the Gut-Brain Axis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Epilepsy and Depression Comorbidity. Foods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14172926","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"4602_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113506","volume":"336","author":"JB Ruganzu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruganzu JB, Zheng Q, Wu X, He Y, Peng X, Jin H, Zhou J, Ma R, Ji S, Ma Y, Qian Y, Wang Y, Yang W (2021) TREM2 overexpression rescues cognitive deficits in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice by reducing neuroinflammation via the JAK\/STAT\/SOCS signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 336:113506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113506","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"4602_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2020.100559","volume":"19","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu X, He Y, Liu Z, Zhu Z, He Y, Qiu J, Liu D, Mo M, Wang P, Tian X, Xu P (2020) A novel carbazole-based hydrogen-sulfide donor suppresses seizures and upregulates ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Appl Mater Today 19:100559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmt.2020.100559","journal-title":"Appl Mater Today"},{"key":"4602_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2023.07.004","author":"Q Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang Q, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Li F, He Y, Yang Y, Lei S, Yuan Z, Zhu X (2023) A novel hydrogen sulfide donor reduces neuroinflammation and seizures by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Neurosci Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2023.07.004","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"4602_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.780447","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zhu Z, He Y, Kang Q, Li F, Zhang W, He Y, Lin Y, Huang B, Mo M, Xu P, Zhu X (2021) A novel hydrogen sulfide donor reduces Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and regulates microglial inflammatory profile. Front Cell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.780447","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4602_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(72)90177-0","volume":"32","author":"RJ Racine","year":"1972","unstructured":"Racine RJ (1972) Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation. II. Motor seizure. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 32(3):281\u2013294","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4602_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(83)90136-5","volume":"9","author":"WA Turski","year":"1983","unstructured":"Turski WA, Cavalheiro EA, Schwarz M, Czuczwar SJ, Kleinrok Z, Turski L (1983) Limbic seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats: behavioural, electroencephalographic and neuropathological study. Behav Brain Res 9(3):315\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-4328(83)90136-5","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"39","key":"4602_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405346","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Wu Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Long H, Yu J, Wu Q, Feng L (2024) Th1\/Th2 imbalance in peripheral blood echoes microglia state dynamics in CNS during TLE progression. Adv Sci 11(39):e2405346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202405346","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"4602_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106068","author":"Z Piao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Piao Z, Baoyu Z, Jiezhu F, Xiaomei L, Peiting H, Chentao H, Yiyu D, Jiahong L, Lijuan W, Yuh Z (2025) TREM2 deficiency aggravates neuroinflammatory response and cognitive impairment via disease-associated microglia in Parkinson\u2019s disease models. Neurochem Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106068","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"4602_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2021.12.018","volume":"142","author":"JB Ruganzu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruganzu JB, Peng X, He Y, Wu X, Zheng Q, Ding B, Lin C, Guo H, Yang Z, Zhang X, Yang W (2022) Downregulation of TREM2 expression exacerbates neuroinflammatory responses through TLR4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Immunol 142:22\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2021.12.018","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4602_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000194","volume":"4","author":"J Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia J, Li J, Cheng J (2019) H(2)S-based therapies for ischaemic stroke: opportunities and challenges. Stroke Vasc Neurol 4(2):63\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/svn-2018-000194","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4602_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01457-x","volume":"22","author":"L Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie L, Wu H, He Q, Shi W, Zhang J, Xiao X, Yu T (2024) A slow-releasing donor of hydrogen sulfide inhibits neuronal cell death via anti-PANoptosis in rats with spinal cord ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury. Cell Commun Signal 22(1):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01457-x","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"4602_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.021","volume":"154","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Huang X, Liu C, Li S, Yang Z, Zhang F, Chen X, Shan H, Tao L, Zhang M (2022) Surface-fill H(2)S-releasing silk fibroin hydrogel for brain repair through the repression of neuronal pyroptosis. Acta Biomater 154:259\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"22","key":"4602_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.033","volume":"185","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang S, Sudan R, Peng V, Zhou Y, Du S, Yuede CM, Lei T, Hou J, Cai Z, Cella M, Nguyen K, Poliani PL, Beatty WL, Chen Y, Cao S, Lin K, Rodrigues C, Ellebedy AH, Gilfillan S, Brown GD, Holtzman DM, Brioschi S, Colonna M (2022) TREM2 drives microglia response to amyloid-\u03b2 via SYK-dependent and -independent pathways. Cell 185(22):4153\u20134169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.033","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"122","key":"4602_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000500","volume":"3","author":"Q Peng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peng Q, Malhotra S, Torchia JA, Kerr WG, Coggeshall KM, Humphrey MB (2010) TREM2- and DAP12-dependent activation of PI3K requires DAP10 and is inhibited by SHIP1. Sci Signal 3(122):a38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.2000500","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"4602_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12148","volume":"79","author":"M Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu M, Li D, Wu Y, Huang X, Wu M (2014) TREM-2 promotes macrophage-mediated eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a PI3K\/Akt pathway. Scand J Immunol 79(3):187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.12148","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4602_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3740","volume":"49","author":"H Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang H, Sheng L, Tao J, Chen R, Li Y, Sun Z, Qian W (2016) Depletion of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 inhibits progression of renal cell carcinoma via regulating related protein expression and PTEN-PI3K\/Akt pathway. Int J Oncol 49(6):2498\u20132506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo.2016.3740","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4602_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1093-3","volume":"65","author":"Q Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu Q, Yi X (2018) Down-regulation of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 protects hippocampal neurons against excessive autophagy and apoptosis via the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in rats with epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 65(2):234\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-018-1093-3","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"4602_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.020","volume":"75","author":"AG Mazumder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazumder AG, Patial V, Singh D (2019) Mycophenolate mofetil contributes to downregulation of the hippocampal interleukin type 2 and 1\u03b2 mediated PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway hyperactivation and attenuates neurobehavioral comorbidities in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Behav Immun 75:84\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"4602_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2018.1562286","volume":"18","author":"H Dai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dai H, Wang P, Mao H, Mao X, Tan S, Chen Z (2019) Dynorphin activation of kappa opioid receptor protects against epilepsy and seizure-induced brain injury via PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Cell Cycle 18(2):226\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15384101.2018.1562286","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"3","key":"4602_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-018-0324-5","volume":"35","author":"AH Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu AH, Chu M, Wang YP (2019) Up-regulation of Trem2 inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and alleviates oxidative stress in epilepsy via the PI3K\/Akt pathway in mice. Neurosci Bull 35(3):471\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-018-0324-5","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"4602_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-025-02279-4","author":"M Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhao R, Su Y, Zhai D, Liang H, Zhang L, Wang W, Wang Z, Qi M, Jiang X, Ling S, Di G (2025) 4,4\u2019-Dimethoxychalcone Mitigates neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury through modulation of the TREM2\/PI3K\/AKT\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Inflammation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-025-02279-4","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"4602_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S293025","volume":"15","author":"T Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li T, Li J, Li T, Zhao Y, Ke H, Wang S, Liu D, Wang Z (2021) Provides neuroprotection of Hypoxia-Ischemia injury in neonatal mice via a PI3K\/Akt-Dependent mechanism. Drug Des Devel Ther 15:517\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S293025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4602_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.08.130","volume":"503","author":"H Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu H, Mu S, Qin W (2018) Microglia TREM2 is required for electroacupuncture to attenuate neuroinflammation in focal cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion rats. Biochem Bioph Res Co 503(4):3225\u20133234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.08.130","journal-title":"Biochem Bioph Res Co"},{"issue":"1","key":"4602_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-017-0296-9","volume":"10","author":"R Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu R, Li X, Xu P, Huang L, Cheng J, Huang X, Jiang J, Wu L, Tang Y (2017) TREM2 protects against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Mol Brain 10(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-017-0296-9","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4602_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001628","volume":"127","author":"Q Zhai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhai Q, Li F, Chen X, Jia J, Sun S, Zhou D, Ma L, Jiang T, Bai F, Xiong L, Wang Q (2017) Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, a novel regulator of immunocyte phenotypes, confers neuroprotection by relieving neuroinflammation. Anesthesiology 127(1):98\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001628","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4602_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01853-x","volume":"17","author":"S Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen S, Peng J, Sherchan P, Ma Y, Xiang S, Yan F, Zhao H, Jiang Y, Wang N, Zhang JH, Zhang H (2020) TREM2 activation attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via PI3K\/Akt pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 17(1):168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-020-01853-x","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"4602_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.91519","volume":"20","author":"C Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang C, Zhong R, Lu S, Yu G, Liu Z, Yan C, Gao J, Tang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Feng X (2024) Trem2 promotes macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 and suppresses osteoarthritis through the NF-\u03baB\/CXCL3 axis. Int J Biol Sci 20(6):1992\u20132007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.91519","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4602_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05489-w","volume":"22","author":"H Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu H, Shao Z, Wen X, Qu D, Liu Z, Chen Z, Zhang X, Ding X, Zhang L (2024) HMGB1\/TREM2 positive feedback loop drives the development of radioresistance and immune escape of glioblastoma by regulating TLR4\/Akt signaling. J Transl Med 22(1):688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05489-w","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"4602_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2018.09.006","volume":"69","author":"L Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang L, Jin P, Wang X, Zhou Q, Lin X, Xi S (2018) Fluoride activates microglia, secretes inflammatory factors and influences synaptic neuron plasticity in the hippocampus of rats. Neurotoxicology 69:108\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2018.09.006","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"}],"container-title":["Neurochemical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-025-04602-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-025-04602-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-025-04602-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T05:06:09Z","timestamp":1764738369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11064-025-04602-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-025-04602-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-3190","1573-6903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving animals were following the ethical standards of the Experimental Animal Care and Ethics Committee of Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou Medical University(GY2022-120).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}],"article-number":"350"}}