{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:02:12Z","timestamp":1783699332926,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-026-04663-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T08:20:05Z","timestamp":1768897205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Anticonvulsant and Neuropreventive Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Extract in the Pentylenetetrazole-Kindling Model: Analysis of Cognitive Comorbidities Associated with Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Itto rahou","family":"Abdessamad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahbiti","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezqaoui","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EL Mekhlouf","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeroil","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razzak","family":"Sara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El-Hessni","family":"Aboubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesfioui","family":"Abdelhalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.604158","volume":"13","author":"AM Do Canto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Do Canto AM, Donatti A, Geraldis JC et al (2021) Neuroproteomics in epilepsy: what do we know so far? Front Mol Neurosci 13:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2020.604158","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"4663_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00595.x","volume":"47","author":"T Dua","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dua T, De Boer HM, Prilipko LL, Saxena S (2006) Epilepsy care in the world: results of an ILAE\/IBE\/WHO global campaign against epilepsy survey. Epilepsia 47:1225\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00595.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"4663_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.01.007","volume":"45","author":"RV Shingalapur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shingalapur RV, Hosamani KM, Keri RS, Hugar MH (2010) Derivatives of benzimidazole pharmacophore: synthesis, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and DNA cleavage studies. Eur J Med Chem 45:1753\u20131759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.01.007","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"4663_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13360","volume":"135","author":"I Imran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imran I, Hillert MH, Klein J (2015) Early metabolic responses to lithium\/pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rat brain. J Neurochem 135:1007\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13360","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"4663_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CPJ06010X","volume":"100","author":"M Sasa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sasa M (2006) A new frontier in epilepsy: novel antiepileptogenic drugs. J Pharmacol Sci 100:487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1254\/jphs.CPJ06010X","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4663_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.09.033","volume":"244","author":"A Vezzani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vezzani A, Aronica E, Mazarati A, Pittman QJ (2013) Epilepsy and brain inflammation. Exp Neurol 244:11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.09.033","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"4663_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.08.020","volume":"837","author":"YN Paudel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paudel YN, Shaikh MF, Shah S et al (2018) Role of inflammation in epilepsy and neurobehavioral comorbidities: implication for therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 837:145\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.08.020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4663_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.3562006re12","author":"JO McNamara","year":"2006","unstructured":"McNamara JO, Huang YZ, Leonard AS (2006) Molecular signaling mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis. Sci STKE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/stke.3562006re12. 2006:","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"4663_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7070503","volume":"7","author":"JR Al-Obaidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Obaidi JR, Jambari NN, Ahmad-Kamil EI (2021) Mycopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals: promising agents to improve human well-being and life quality. J Fungi 7:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7070503","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"4663_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v7isp1.84-93.2728","volume":"7","author":"S Bulam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bulam S, \u00dcst\u00fcn N\u015e, Pek\u015fen A (2019) Health benefits of ganoderma lucidum as a medicinal mushroom. Turkish J Agric - Food Sci Technol 7:84\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24925\/turjaf.v7isp1.84-93.2728","journal-title":"Turkish J Agric - Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"4663_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.036","volume":"107","author":"MF Ahmad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmad MF (2018) Ganoderma lucidum: persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement. Biomed Pharmacother 107:507\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.036","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4663_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.208590","volume":"12","author":"XZ Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun XZ, Liao Y, Li W, Guo LM (2017) Neuroprotective effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 12:953\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.208590","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"4663_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2010.12.011","volume":"64","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Qu Z, qiang, Zeng Y, shan et al (2012) Neuroprotective effect of preadministration with ganoderma lucidum spore on rat hippocampus. Exp Toxicol Pathol 64:673\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etp.2010.12.011","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"4663_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520619666191015102442","volume":"20","author":"P Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li P, Liu L, Huang S et al (2020) Anti-cancer effects of a neutral triterpene fraction from ganoderma lucidum and its active constituents on SW620 human colorectal cancer cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 20:237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871520619666191015102442","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"4663_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-025-04536-2","volume":"50","author":"A Itto rahou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Itto rahou A, Aboubaker E-H, Youssef B et al (2025) Evaluation of the potential anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of ganoderma lucidum extract in an animal model of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurochem Res 50:279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-025-04536-2","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"4663_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2022.100427","volume":"6","author":"A Tong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tong A, Wu W, Chen Z et al (2023) Current research in food science modulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diets by ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. Curr Res Food Sci 6:100427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crfs.2022.100427","journal-title":"Curr Res Food Sci"},{"key":"4663_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0086-7","volume":"26","author":"H Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed H, Aslam M (2018) Evaluation of aphrodisiac activity of ethanol extract of ganoderma lucidum in male Wistar rats. Clin Phytoscience 26:4\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40816-018-0086-7","journal-title":"Clin Phytoscience"},{"key":"4663_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00992","volume":"9","author":"S Muke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muke S, Kaikini A, Peshattiwar V et al (2018) Neuroprotective effect of coumarin nasal formulation: kindling model assessment of epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 9:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.00992","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4663_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2015.07.001","volume":"374","author":"Q Akif","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akif Q, Kurt H, Bosnak M et al (2015) Pharmacological reports epileptogenic effects of G protein-coupled Estrogen receptor 1 in the rat Pentylenetetrazole kindling model of epilepsy. Pharmacol Rep 374:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharep.2015.07.001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"4663_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.04.005","volume":"18","author":"P Maciejak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maciejak P, Szyndler J, Lehner M et al (2010) The differential effects of protein synthesis Inhibition on the expression and reconsolidation of Pentylenetetrazole kindled seizures. Epilepsy Behav 18:193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.04.005","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"4663_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176851","volume":"980","author":"GA Badawi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Badawi GA, Shokr MM, Elshazly SM et al (2024) Sigma-1 receptor modulation by clemastine highlights its repurposing as neuroprotective agent against seizures and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled rats. Eur J Pharmacol 980:176851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176851","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4663_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12963","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3118-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"H Mizoguchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mizoguchi H, Nakade J, Tachibana M et al (2011) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to kindled seizure development in Pentylenetetrazole-Treated mice by converting Pro-BDNF to mature BDNF in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 31:12963\u201312971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3118-11.2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4663_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.12.058","volume":"614","author":"W Shan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shan W, Ding Y, Ding XY et al (2016) Effectiveness of ketogenic diet in pentylenetetrazol-induced and kindling rats as well as its potential mechanisms. Neurosci Lett 614:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.12.058","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"4663_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.4066\/biomedicalresearch.29-18-831","volume":"29","author":"HA Ero\u011flu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ero\u011flu HA, Beytut E (2018) Effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on oxidative damage in liver of STZ-diabetic rats. Biomed Res 29:3436\u20133443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4066\/biomedicalresearch.29-18-831","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"key":"4663_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05933-5","volume":"238","author":"D Nieoczym","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nieoczym D, Soca\u0142a K, Zelek-Molik A et al (2021) Anticonvulsant effect of pterostilbene and its influence on the anxiety- and depression-like behavior in the pentetrazol-kindled mice: behavioral, biochemical, and molecular studies. Psychopharmacology 238:3167\u20133181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-021-05933-5","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"4663_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.06.006","volume":"28","author":"RN Hughes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hughes RN (2004) The value of spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) as a test of retention in pharmacological investigations of memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28:497\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.06.006","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"4663_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.09.015","volume":"77","author":"ASR Sierksma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sierksma ASR, Van Den Hove DLA, Pfau F et al (2014) Improvement of Spatial memory function in APPswe\/PS1dE9 mice after chronic Inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 4D. Neuropharmacology 77:120\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.09.015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"4663_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.04.013","volume":"147","author":"BJS Rossato","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rossato BJS, Da Silva WC et al (2007) On the participation of hippocampal PKC in acquisition, consolidation and reconsolidation of Spatial memory. Neuroscience 147:37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.04.013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"4663_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","volume":"1","author":"CV Vorhees","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vorhees CV, Williams MT (2006) Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nat Protoc 1:848\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"4663_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green LC, Ruiz K, Luzuriaga DE et al (1981) Nitrate biosynthesis in man (metabolism\/stable isotopes\/carcinogenesis)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.12.7764"},{"key":"4663_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","volume":"2014","author":"A Ayala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ayala A, Mu\u00f1oz MF, Arg\u00fcelles S (2014) Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014:1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/360438","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4663_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.04.004","volume":"78","author":"RM Freitas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Freitas RM, Sousa FCF, Vasconcelos SMM et al (2004) Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats: lipid peroxidation level, nitrite formation, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptor alterations in the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 78:327\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.04.004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"4663_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zana M, A ZJ A (2007) Oxidative stress: a bridge between down \u2019 s syndrome and Alzheimer \u2019 s disease. Neurobiol Aging 28:648\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.008"},{"key":"4663_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","volume":"105","author":"Hugo Aebi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hugo Aebi (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121\u2013126","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"4663_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","volume":"44","author":"A Gels","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gels A, Applicable A (1971) Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide. Anal Biochem 44:276\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"4663_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2024.117097","volume":"260","author":"X Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou X, Liang X, Wang Y et al (2024) Efficient water-soluble copper (II) complexes with SOD \/ CO-like activities and the relationship between their structure and activity. Polyhedron 260:117097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.poly.2024.117097","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"4663_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.3.3.449","volume":"3","author":"A Deitch","year":"1957","unstructured":"Deitch A, Moses MJ (1957) The nissl substance of living and fixed spinal ganglion cells: an ultraviolet absorption study. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 3:449\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.3.3.449","journal-title":"J Biophys Biochem Cytol"},{"key":"4663_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2021.03.009","volume":"58","author":"S Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh S, Gurjeet T, Kumar A et al (2021) Mitochondrion reviving mitochondrial bioenergetics: a relevant approach in epilepsy. Mitochondrion 58:213\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2021.03.009","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"4663_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114406","volume":"160","author":"S Javaid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Javaid S, Alqahtani F, Ashraf W et al (2023) Tiagabine suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice and improves behavioral and cognitive parameters by modulating BDNF\/TrkB expression and neuroinflammatory markers. Biomed Pharmacother 160:114406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114406","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4663_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150333","volume":"729","author":"JZ Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan JZ, Zainab SR, Rehman MU et al (2024) Chronic stress intensify PTZ-induced seizures by triggering neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 729:150333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150333","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"4663_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00377","volume":"11","author":"X Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu X, Dong J, Han B et al (2017) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase contributes to PTZ kindling epilepsy-induced hippocampal Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative damage. Front Cell Neurosci 11:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2017.00377","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"4663_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102161","volume":"9","author":"SQ Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang SQ, Li XJ, Qiu H, Bin et al (2014) Anti-epileptic effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides by Inhibition of intracellular calcium accumulation and stimulation of expression of camkii \u03b1 in epileptic hippocampal neurons. PLoS ONE 9:3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0102161","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4663_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang S-Q, Kang Y-M, Qi Z-C et al (2010) Effects of ganoderma lucidum spores powder on expression of NCAM-1 and NCAM-L1 in hippocampus of rats with epilepsy. FASEB J 24:993.9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.24.1_supplement.993.9","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.24.1_supplement.993.9"},{"key":"4663_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3051426","volume":"3","author":"D Ekstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ekstein D, Schachter SC (2010) Natural products in epilepsy-the present situation and perspectives for the future. Pharmaceuticals 3:1426\u20131445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph3051426","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"4663_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-977X(94)00134-W","volume":"5","author":"MG Genkova-Papazova","year":"1995","unstructured":"Genkova-Papazova MG, Lazarova-Bakarova MB (1995) Pentylenetetrazole kindling impairs long-term memory in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 5:53\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0924-977X(94)00134-W","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"4663_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108632","volume":"129","author":"MLM Pollo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pollo MLM, Gimenes C, Covolan L (2022) Male rats are more vulnerable to pentylenetetrazole-kindling model but females have more spatial memory-related deficits. Epilepsy Behav 129:108632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108632","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"4663_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E21711","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021711","volume":"99","author":"LH Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin LH, Jiang XX, Song Y et al (2020) Effects of spore powder of ganoderma lucidum on CaSR and apoptosis-related proteins in hippocampus tissue of epilepsy following dementia: a protocol of systematic review. Med (United States) 99:E21711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000021711","journal-title":"Med (United States)"},{"key":"4663_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5940372","volume":"2022","author":"W Pang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pang W, Lu S, Zheng R et al (2022) Investigation into antiepileptic effect of Ganoderic acid A and its mechanism in seizure rats induced by Pentylenetetrazole. Biomed Res Int 2022:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5940372","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"4663_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113725","volume":"269","author":"HL Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao HL, Cui SY, Qin Y et al (2021) Prophylactic effects of sporoderm-removed ganoderma lucidum spores in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced sporadic alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Ethnopharmacol 269:113725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113725","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4663_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2015.20.2.126","volume":"20","author":"YJ Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi YJ, Yang HS, Jo JH et al (2015) Anti-amnesic effect of fermented ganoderma lucidum water extracts by lactic acid bacteria on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 20:126\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3746\/pnf.2015.20.2.126","journal-title":"Prev Nutr Food Sci"},{"key":"4663_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11634-y","volume":"105","author":"S Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao S, Rong C, Gao Y et al (2021) Antidepressant-like effect of ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharide-peptide mediated by upregulation of prefrontal cortex brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105:8675\u20138688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-021-11634-y","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"4663_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-00922-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du Y, Tian L, Wang Y et al (2024) Chemodiversity, Pharmacological activity, and biosynthesis of specialized metabolites from medicinal model fungi ganoderma lucidum. Chin Med (United Kingdom) 19:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13020-024-00922-0","journal-title":"Chin Med (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"4663_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2017.13.2.76","volume":"13","author":"\u00d6 H\u00fcseyin","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00fcseyin \u00d6, Sevgi \u0130, Engin D et al (2017) Ganoderma lucidum protects rat brain tissue against trauma-induced oxidative stress. Korean J Neurotrauma 13:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13004\/kjnt.2017.13.2.76","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4663_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.006","volume":"91","author":"EC Ballinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ballinger EC, Ananth M, Talmage DA, Role LW (2016) Basal forebrain cholinergic circuits and signaling in cognition and cognitive decline. Neuron 91:1199\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"4663_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x13666150716165726","volume":"14","author":"H Ferreira-Vieira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferreira-Vieira H, Guimaraes TM, Silva F IR, Ribeiro M F (2016) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: targeting the cholinergic system. Curr Neuropharmacol 14:101\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x13666150716165726","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"4663_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hasnat MA, Pervin M, Lim BO (2013) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of ganoderma lucidum grown on germinated brown rice. Molecules 18:6663\u20136678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules18066663","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18066663"},{"key":"4663_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.37349\/en.2024.00047","volume":"3","author":"AA Bankar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bankar AA, Nagulwar VP, Kotagale NR, Inamdar NN (2024) Neuroprotective prospectives of triterpenoids. Explor Neurosci 3:231\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37349\/en.2024.00047","journal-title":"Explor Neurosci"},{"key":"4663_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9894037","volume":"2020","author":"N Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu N, Huang Y, Jiang Y et al (2020) Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GLTs) reduce neuronal apoptosis via inhibition of ROCK signal pathway in APP\/PS1 Transgenic alzheimer\u2019s disease mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9894037","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4663_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.33263\/briac121.10761084","volume":"12","author":"YH Tran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tran YH, Duong X, Thi T et al (2021) Effects of ganoderma lucidum extract on morphine-induced addiction and memory impairment in mice. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 12:1076\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33263\/briac121.10761084","journal-title":"Biointerface Res Appl Chem"},{"key":"4663_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.029","volume":"92","author":"R Kaur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaur R, Singh V, Shri R (2017) Anti-amnesic effects of ganoderma species: a possible cholinergic and antioxidant mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 92:1055\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.029","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4663_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu X, Yanbing Li JW, Tao Meng LS et al (2025) Seizure-induced oxidative stress in temporal lobe epilepsy. Biomed Res Int 2015:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01601-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01601-1"},{"key":"4663_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.03.025","volume":"59","author":"E Shin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shin E, Hoon J, Hee Y et al (2011) Neurochemistry international role of oxidative stress in epileptic seizures. Neurochem Int 59:122\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.03.025","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"4663_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00012","volume":"2","author":"X Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang X, Michaelis EK, Foster TC, Foster TC (2010) Selective neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in the brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2010.00012","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"4663_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-1352-9","volume":"275","author":"CWH Woo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woo CWH, Man RYK, Siow YL et al (2005) Ganoderma lucidum inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 275:165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-005-1352-9","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"4663_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144908","volume":"318","author":"L Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhou Z, Xiang Z et al (2025) International journal of biological macromolecules ganoderma atrum polysaccharides attenuates cadmium mediated hepatorenal dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and metabolic disorders in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 318:144908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144908","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4663_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eronat K, Sa\u011f\u0131r D (2020) Protective effects of Curcumin and ganoderma lucidum on hippocampal damage caused by the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in the developing rat brain: stereological, histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acthis.2020.151621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2020.151621"},{"key":"4663_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.01.026","volume":"1865","author":"P Ambrogini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ambrogini P, Torquato P, Bartolini D et al (2019) BBA - molecular basis of disease excitotoxicity, neuroin Fl ammation and oxidant stress as molecular bases of epileptogenesis and epilepsy-derived neurodegeneration : the role of vitamin E. BBA - Mol Basis Dis 1865:1098\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.01.026","journal-title":"BBA - Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"4663_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomescu CL, Ionescu A (2023) Natural bio-compounds from ganoderma lucidum and their beneficial biological actions for anticancer application: a review. Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12111907","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12111907"},{"key":"4663_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1691\/ph.2018.7108","volume":"73","author":"ZMJ Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang ZMJ, Qiu HBQ, Wang SQW et al (2018) Ganoderic acid A potentiates the antioxidant effect and protection of mitochondrial membranes and reduces the apoptosis rate in primary hippocampal neurons in magnesium free medium. Pharmazie 73:87\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1691\/ph.2018.7108","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"4663_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.830","volume":"15","author":"JM Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee JM, Kwon H, Jeong H et al (2001) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage by ganoderma lucidum. Phyther Res 15:245\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.830","journal-title":"Phyther Res"},{"key":"4663_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.08.025","volume":"554","author":"J Banerjee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banerjee J, Alkondon M, Albuquerque EX, Pereira EFR (2013) Contribution of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons to the tonic \u03b17 nAChR-dependent glutamatergic input to CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neurosci Lett 554:167\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.08.025","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"4663_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/nep3.46","volume":"2","author":"JYM Roman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roman JYM (2024) Glutamate and excitotoxicity in central nervous system disorders: ionotropic glutamate receptors as a target for neuroprotection. Neuroprotection 2:137\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nep3.46","journal-title":"Neuroprotection"},{"key":"4663_CR73","unstructured":"Point MAU (2006) Pharmacologie du r\u00e9cepteur NMDA. 54:5\u201318"},{"key":"4663_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu W, Gong X, Qin Z, Wang Y (2025) Molecular mechanisms of excitotoxicity and their relevance to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases \u2014 an update. Acta Pharmacol Sin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-025-01576-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01576-w"},{"key":"4663_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.70020","volume":"4","author":"DS Reddy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reddy DS, Vadassery A, Ramakrishnan S et al (2024) Kindling models of epileptogenesis for developing disease-modifying drugs for epilepsy. Curr Protoc 4:1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpz1.70020","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"}],"container-title":["Neurochemical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04663-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04663-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04663-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:11:05Z","timestamp":1772619065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04663-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04663-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-3190","1573-6903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"52"}}