{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:45:47Z","timestamp":1782708347943,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-026-04750-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:46:09Z","timestamp":1776440769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression and Localization of Branched-Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1 Subunits and LAT1 Transporter in Rat Retinal and Ocular Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Dalia I.","family":"Aldosari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wedad S.","family":"Sarawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah K.","family":"Algarzae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah S.","family":"Alhomida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Ola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45096-4_5","volume":"13","author":"ME Conway","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conway ME, Hutson SM (2016) BCAA Metabolism and NH(3) Homeostasis. Adv Neurobiol 13:99\u2013132","journal-title":"Adv Neurobiol"},{"key":"4750_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702826","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.702826","volume":"12","author":"G Mann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mann G, Mora S, Madu G, Adegoke OAJ (2021) Branched-chain Amino Acids: Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Implications for Muscle and Whole-body Metabolism. Front Physiol 12:702826","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4750_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10064","volume":"66","author":"KF LaNoue","year":"2001","unstructured":"LaNoue KF, Berkich DA, Conway M, Barber AJ, Hu LY, Taylor C et al (2001) Role of specific aminotransferases in de novo glutamate synthesis and redox shuttling in the retina. J Neurosci Res 66(5):914\u2013922","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00837-5","volume":"8","author":"SH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee SH, Han JW, Yang JY, Jun HO, Bang JH, Shin H et al (2022) Role of mTORC1 activity during early retinal development and lamination in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Cell Death Discovery 8(1):56","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"key":"4750_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2020.100050","volume":"8","author":"SRA Alles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alles SRA, Gomez K, Moutal A, Khanna R (2020) Putative roles of SLC7A5 (LAT1) transporter in pain. Neurobiol Pain 8:100050","journal-title":"Neurobiol Pain"},{"issue":"8 Suppl 1","key":"4750_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000107","volume":"23","author":"M Coca-Prados","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coca-Prados M (2014) The blood-aqueous barrier in health and disease. J Glaucoma 23(8 Suppl 1):S36\u2013S38","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"3","key":"4750_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9183-3","volume":"12","author":"R Gaudana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaudana R, Ananthula HK, Parenky A, Mitra AK (2010) Ocular drug delivery. Aaps j 12(3):348\u2013360","journal-title":"Aaps j"},{"issue":"11","key":"4750_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200011000-00005","volume":"20","author":"R Duelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duelli R, Enerson BE, Gerhart DZ, Drewes LR (2000) Expression of large amino acid transporter LAT1 in rat brain endothelium. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20(11):1557\u20131562","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4750_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564809","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.564809","volume":"8","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xu Y, Li D, Fu L, Zhang X, Bao Y et al (2020) Review of the Correlation of LAT1 With Diseases: Mechanism and Treatment. Front Chem 8:564809","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"4750_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02826-8","volume":"37","author":"E Puris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puris E, Gynther M, Auriola S, Huttunen KM (2020) L-Type amino acid transporter 1 as a target for drug delivery. Pharm Res 37(5):88","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4750_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1175","volume":"46","author":"M Tomi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tomi M, Mori M, Tachikawa M, Katayama K, Terasaki T, Hosoya K (2005) L-type amino acid transporter 1-mediated L-leucine transport at the inner blood-retinal barrier. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(7):2522\u20132530","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"4750_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0907","volume":"44","author":"B Jain-Vakkalagadda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jain-Vakkalagadda B, Dey S, Pal D, Mitra AK (2003) Identification and functional characterization of a Na+-independent large neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1, in human and rabbit cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44(7):2919\u20132927","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.72","volume":"68","author":"A Suryawan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Suryawan A, Hawes JW, Harris RA, Shimomura Y, Jenkins AE, Hutson SM (1998) A molecular model of human branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 68(1):72\u201381","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"4750_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554241272338","volume":"72","author":"DI Aldosari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aldosari DI, Alshawakir YA, Alanazi IO, Alhomida AS, Ola MS (2024) Differential Expression of Branched-Chain Aminotransferase in the Rat Ocular Tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 72(8\u20139):551\u2013568","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"4750_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20200","volume":"477","author":"AJ Sweatt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sweatt AJ, Garcia-Espinosa MA, Wallin R, Hutson SM (2004) Branched-chain amino acids and neurotransmitter metabolism: expression of cytosolic branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATc) in the cerebellum and hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 477(4):360\u2013370","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E64","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00276.2003","volume":"286","author":"AJ Sweatt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sweatt AJ, Wood M, Suryawan A, Wallin R, Willingham MC, Hutson SM (2004) Branched-chain amino acid catabolism: unique segregation of pathway enzymes in organ systems and peripheral nerves. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286(1):E64\u201376","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49009-z","volume":"9","author":"J Huttunen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huttunen J, Peltokangas S, Gynther M, Natunen T, Hiltunen M, Auriola S et al (2019) l-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1\/Lat1)-Utilizing Prodrugs Can Improve the Delivery of Drugs into Neurons, Astrocytes and Microglia. Sci Rep 9(1):12860","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"4750_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2261-5","volume":"42","author":"JE Sperringer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sperringer JE, Addington A, Hutson SM (2017) Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Brain Metabolism. Neurochem Res 42(6):1697\u20131709","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03314-1","volume":"21","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Shi G, Ge Y, Huang S, Cui N, Tan L et al (2024) Accumulated BCAAs and BCKAs contribute to the HFD-induced deterioration of Alzheimer\u2019s disease via a dysfunctional TREM2-related reduction in microglial \u03b2-amyloid clearance. J Neuroinflamm 21(1):327","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-024-01915-8","volume":"12","author":"A Jishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jishi A, Hu D, Shang Y, Wang R, Gunzler SA, Qi X (2024) BCKDK loss impairs mitochondrial Complex I activity and drives alpha-synuclein aggregation in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 12(1):198","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"4750_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0116-8","volume":"54","author":"G Scaini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scaini G, Tonon T, de Souza CFM, Schuk PF, Ferreira GC, Neto JS et al (2017) Serum Markers of Neurodegeneration in Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Mol Neurobiol 54(7):5709\u20135719","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"787","key":"4750_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eads0539","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads0539","volume":"17","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Poskitt LE, Gallagher J, Puffenberger EG, Wynn RM, Shishodia G et al (2025) BCKDHA-BCKDHB digenic gene therapy restores metabolic homeostasis in two mouse models and a calf with classic maple syrup urine disease. Sci Transl Med 17(787):eads0539","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"4750_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539s","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.6.1539S","volume":"135","author":"JD Fernstrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernstrom JD (2005) Branched-chain amino acids and brain function. J Nutr 135(6 Suppl):1539s\u201346s","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"13","key":"4750_CR24","first-page":"3328","volume":"46","author":"K Hosoya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hosoya K, Mori M, Katayama K, Tachikawa M, Tomi M (2005) The Role of LAT1 at the Inner Blood\u2013Retinal Barrier in Supplying Large Neutral Amino Acids. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(13):3328","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4750_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-2025","volume":"157","author":"NM Bourgeois","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bourgeois NM, Van Herck SL, Vancamp P, Delbaere J, Zevenbergen C, Kersseboom S et al (2016) Characterization of Chicken Thyroid Hormone Transporters. Endocrinology 157(6):2560\u20132574","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"4750_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2012.00018","volume":"6","author":"JT Cole","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cole JT, Sweatt AJ, Hutson SM (2012) Expression of mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase and \u03b1-keto-acid dehydrogenase in rat brain: implications for neurotransmitter metabolism. Front Neuroanat 6:18","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"4750_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.10.014","volume":"112","author":"J Hull","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hull J, Usmari Moraes M, Brookes E, Love S, Conway ME (2018) Distribution of the branched-chain \u03b1-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex E1\u03b1 subunit and glutamate dehydrogenase in the human brain and their role in neuro-metabolism. Neurochem Int 112:49\u201358","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"20","key":"4750_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5496","volume":"35","author":"G Xing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xing G, Ren M, Verma A (2018) Divergent Induction of Branched-Chain Aminotransferases and Phosphorylation of Branched Chain Keto-Acid Dehydrogenase Is a Potential Mechanism Coupling Branched-Chain Keto-Acid-Mediated-Astrocyte Activation to Branched-Chain Amino Acid Depletion-Mediated Cognitive Deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 35(20):2482\u20132494","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"16","key":"4750_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11893","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700198200","volume":"282","author":"MM Islam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Islam MM, Wallin R, Wynn RM, Conway M, Fujii H, Mobley JA et al (2007) A novel branched-chain amino acid metabolon. Protein-protein interactions in a supramolecular complex. J Biol Chem 282(16):11893\u201311903","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1360067","volume":"136","author":"P Trayhurn","year":"1973","unstructured":"Trayhurn P, van Heyningen R (1973) The metabolism of amino acids in the bovine lens. Their oxidation as a source of energy. Biochem J 136(1):67\u201375","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR31","first-page":"43","volume":"1","author":"MP Langford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Langford MP, Gosslee JM, Liang C, Chen D, Redens TB, Welbourne TC (2007) Apical localization of glutamate in GLAST-1, glutamine synthetase positive ciliary body nonpigmented epithelial cells. Clin Ophthalmol 1(1):43\u201353","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4750_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05411-5","volume":"63","author":"DI Aldosari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aldosari DI, Alshawakir YA, Ahmed A, Alhomida AS, Ola MS (2025) Altered Expression of Large Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1) and Branched-Chain Metabolic Enzymes in the Type 1 Diabetic Rat Retina. Mol Neurobiol 63(1):212\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-05411-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["Neurochemical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04750-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04750-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04750-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:23:57Z","timestamp":1782707037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04750-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04750-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-3190","1573-6903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"139"}}