{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:18:51Z","timestamp":1792783131678,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 82505735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82505735"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 82274655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82274655"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-026-04927-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T08:33:52Z","timestamp":1792485232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulating the WNK1-SPAK\/OSR1-KCC2 Pathway: Acupuncture\u2019s Therapeutic Potential in Mitigating Muscle Hypertonia in Ischemic Stroke Rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Tian-Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9851-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Biao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yun","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4927_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e231455","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.1455","volume":"6","author":"WJ Tu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tu WJ, Zhao Z, Yin P et al (2020) Estimated burden of stroke in China in 2020. JAMA Netw Open 6(3):e231455","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"4927_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00228-0","volume":"6","author":"Q Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Q, Li R, Wang L et al (2021) Temporal trend and attributable risk factors of stroke burden in China, 1990\u20132019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health 6(12):e897\u2013e906","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"4927_CR3","first-page":"284","volume":"120","author":"F Rakers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rakers F, Weise D, Hamzei F et al (2023) The incidence and outpatient medical care of patients with post-stroke spasticity. Dtsch Arztebl Int 120(16):284\u2013285","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"4927_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S320543","volume":"14","author":"F Ahmedy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmedy F, Mohd Tuah N, Mohamad Hashim N et al (2021) Revisiting spasticity after stroke: clustering clinical characteristics for identifying at-risk individuals. J Multidiscip Healthc 14:2391\u20132396","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"10","key":"4927_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00216-1","volume":"14","author":"JM Gracies","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gracies JM, Brashear A, Jech R et al (2015) Safety and efficacy of abobotulinumtoxinA for hemiparesis in adults with upper limb spasticity after stroke or traumatic brain injury: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 14(10):992\u20131001","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4927_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101176","volume":"40","author":"W Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan W, Kuang X, Hu J et al (2020) Acupuncture therapy for poststroke spastic hemiplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 40:101176","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"4927_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037167","volume":"103","author":"D Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zou W, Zhang B et al (2024) Scalp acupuncture for post-stroke spastic hemiparesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 103(9):e37167","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4927_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.034","volume":"61","author":"Y Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai Y, Zhang CS, Zhang AL et al (2021) Electroacupuncture for poststroke spasticity: results of a pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 61(2):305\u2013314","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"4927_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00468","volume":"10","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Chen YT, Francisco GE, Zhou P, Rymer WZ (2019) A unifying pathophysiological account for post-stroke spasticity and disordered motor control. Front Neurol 10:468","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4927_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211011214","volume":"35","author":"S Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li S, Francisco GE, Rymer WZ (2021) A new definition of poststroke spasticity and the interference of spasticity with motor recovery from acute to chronic stages. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 35(7):601\u2013610","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"4927_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01749-0","volume":"8","author":"M Heubl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heubl M, Zhang J, Pressey JC et al (2017) GABAA receptor-dependent synaptic inhibition rapidly tunes KCC2 activity via the Cl\u2013sensitive WNK1 kinase. Nat Commun 8(1):1776","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4927_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.04.003","volume":"128","author":"S Lee-Hotta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee-Hotta S, Uchiyama Y, Kametaka S (2019) Role of the BDNF-TrkB pathway in KCC2 regulation and rehabilitation following neuronal injury: a mini review. Neurochem Int 128:32\u201338","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"4927_CR13","first-page":"514","volume":"43","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Mu JD, Ma LX et al (2023) Waggle needling Yanglingquan (GB34) enhances cerebral blood flow and ameliorates condition of spastic paresis in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion induced by surgical nylon suture. J Tradit Chin Med 43(3):514\u2013522","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"4927_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114027","volume":"354","author":"JD Mu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mu JD, Ma LX, Zhang Z et al (2022) Acupuncture alleviates spinal hyperreflexia and motor dysfunction in post-ischemic stroke rats with spastic hypertonia via KCC2-mediated spinal GABAA activation. Exp Neurol 354:114027","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4927_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001798","volume":"33","author":"TY Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun TY, Ma LX, Mu JD et al (2022) Acupuncture improves the structure of spastic muscle and decreases spasticity by enhancing GABA, KCC2, and GABAA\u03b32 in the brainstem in rats after ischemic stroke. NeuroReport 33(9):399\u2013407","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"4927_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135810","volume":"750","author":"JX Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang JX, Ma LX, Mu JD et al (2021) Anti-spastic effect induced by waggle needling correlates with KCC2-GABAA pathway in post-stroke spasticity rats. Neurosci Lett 750:135810","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"4927_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2020.1762174","volume":"24","author":"PQ Duy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duy PQ, He M, He Z, Kahle KT (2020) Preclinical insights into therapeutic targeting of KCC2 for disorders of neuronal hyperexcitability. Expert Opin Ther Targets 24(7):629\u2013637","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"4927_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-017-0554-2","author":"DW McBride","year":"2017","unstructured":"McBride DW, Zhang JH (2017) Precision stroke animal models: the permanent MCAO model should be the primary model, not transient MCAO. Transl Stroke Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-017-0554-2","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4927_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.1.84","volume":"20","author":"EZ Longa","year":"1989","unstructured":"Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S et al (1989) Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke 20(1):84\u201391","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"4927_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/09593980600724188","volume":"22","author":"NN Ansari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ansari NN, Naghdi S, Moammeri H et al (2006) Ashworth Scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity. Physiother Theory Pract 22(3):119\u2013125","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"4927_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","volume":"67","author":"RW Bohannon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bohannon RW, Smith MB (1987) Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 67(2):206\u2013207","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"4927_CR22","volume":"75","author":"SL DeVos","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeVos SL, Miller TM (2013) Direct intraventricular delivery of drugs to the rodent central nervous system. J Vis Exp 75:e50326","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"11","key":"4927_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098367","volume":"32","author":"J Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen J, Sanberg PR, Li Y et al (2001) Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats. Stroke 32(11):2682\u20132688","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"18","key":"4927_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189999","volume":"22","author":"D Davaanyam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davaanyam D, Kim ID, Lee JK (2021) Intranasal delivery of RGD-containing osteopontin heptamer peptide confers neuroprotection in the ischemic brain and augments microglia M2 polarization. Int J Mol Sci 22(18):9999","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4927_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-019-0278-1","volume":"14","author":"WS Siu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siu WS, Shum WT, Cheng W et al (2019) Topical application of Chinese herbal medicine DAEP relieves the osteoarthritic knee pain in rats. Chin Med 14:55","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4927_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6526","volume":"37","author":"H Beverungen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beverungen H, Klaszky SC, Klaszky M et al (2020) Rehabilitation decreases spasticity by restoring chloride homeostasis through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-KCC2 pathway after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 37(6):846\u2013859","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4927_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/12.3.219","volume":"12","author":"M Karnovsky","year":"1964","unstructured":"Karnovsky M, Roots L (1964) A \u201cdirect-coloring\u201d thiocholine method for cholinesterases. J Histochem Cytochem 12:219\u2013221","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"4927_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18146","volume":"5","author":"C Kathe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kathe C, Hutson TH, McMahon SB et al (2016) Intramuscular Neurotrophin-3 normalizes low threshold spinal reflexes, reduces spasms and improves mobility after bilateral corticospinal tract injury in rats. Elife 5:e18146","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"4927_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2926-20.2021","volume":"42","author":"S Al Awabdh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Awabdh S, Donneger F, Goutierre M et al (2022) Gephyrin interacts with the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 to regulate its surface expression and function in cortical neurons. J Neurosci 42(2):166\u2013182","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"27","key":"4927_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8976","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0678-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"MP C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"C\u00f4t\u00e9 MP, Gandhi S, Zambrotta M et al (2014) Exercise modulates chloride homeostasis after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 34(27):8976\u20138987","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4927_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113605","volume":"338","author":"JN Bilchak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bilchak JN, Yeakle K, Caron G et al (2021) Enhancing KCC2 activity decreases hyperreflexia and spasticity after chronic spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 338:113605","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4927_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2107","volume":"16","author":"P Boulenguez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boulenguez P, Liabeuf S, Bos R et al (2010) Down-regulation of the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 contributes to spasticity after spinal cord injury. Nat Med 16(3):302\u2013307","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4927_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.5.1473","volume":"68","author":"FJ Thompson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thompson FJ, Reier PJ, Lucas CC et al (1992) Altered patterns of reflex excitability subsequent to contusion injury of the rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 68(5):1473\u20131486","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4927_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1142-6","volume":"185","author":"MJ Grey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grey MJ, Klinge K, Crone C et al (2008) Post-activation depression of soleus stretch reflexes in healthy and spastic humans. Exp Brain Res 185(2):189\u2013197","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"4927_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12054","volume":"1279","author":"MC Perreault","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perreault MC, Glover JC (2013) Glutamatergic reticulospinal neurons in the mouse: developmental origins, axon projections, and functional connectivity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1279:80\u201389","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4927_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0387-7604(96)00006-X","volume":"18","author":"J Ito","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ito J, Araki A, Tanaka H et al (1996) Muscle histopathology in spastic cerebral palsy. Brain Dev 18(4):299\u2013303","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4927_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(86)90052-3","volume":"75","author":"V Dietz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dietz V, Ketelsen UP, Berger W et al (1986) Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry. J Neurol Sci 75(1):89\u2013103","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4927_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/354906","volume":"2014","author":"C Trompetto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Mori L et al (2014) Pathophysiology of spasticity: implications for neurorehabilitation. Biomed Res Int 2014:354906","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4927_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.010","volume":"27","author":"A Takeoka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takeoka A, Arber S (2019) Functional local proprioceptive feedback circuits initiate and maintain locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. Cell Rep 27(1):71-85e3","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4927_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.11.004","volume":"90","author":"F Gao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gao F, Grant TH, Roth EJ et al (2009) Changes in passive mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle at the muscle fascicle and joint levels in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90(5):819\u2013826","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"4927_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017319","volume":"405","author":"DM Armstrong","year":"1988","unstructured":"Armstrong DM (1988) The supraspinal control of mammalian locomotion. J Physiol 405(1):1\u201337","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4927_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09040.x","volume":"860","author":"LM Jordan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jordan LM (1998) Initiation of locomotion in mammals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 860(1):83\u201393","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4927_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1902","volume":"7","author":"PG Guyenet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guyenet PG (2006) The sympathetic control of blood pressure. Nat Rev Neurosci 7(5):335\u2013346","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"0","key":"4927_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.695152","volume":"15","author":"L Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen L, Wang X, Zhang X et al (2021) Electroacupuncture and moxibustion-like stimulation relieves inflammatory muscle pain by activating local distinct layer somatosensory afferent fibers. Front Neurosci 15(0):695152","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"0","key":"4927_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.04.009","volume":"1012","author":"AH Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li AH, Zhang JM, Xie YK (2004) Human acupuncture points mapped in rats are associated with excitable muscle\/skin-nerve complexes with enriched nerve endings. Brain Res 1012(0):154\u2013159","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4927_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109695","volume":"27","author":"X Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang X, Shi J, Lin S et al (2024) Pyramidal and parvalbumin neurons modulate the process of electroacupuncture stimulation for stroke rehabilitation. iScience 27(5):109695","journal-title":"iScience"}],"container-title":["Neurochemical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04927-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04927-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04927-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:03:04Z","timestamp":1792530184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04927-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-026-04927-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-3190","1573-6903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-3190","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM-1-2022070101-1005).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"299"}}