{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:18:48Z","timestamp":1792783128320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Western Australia","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047272k79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This systematic review investigates the long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and identifies factors predicting group membership in these trajectories. The review follows the PRISMA guidelines and is registered on the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY-2023\u201311-0013). A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, EMBASE, CINHALPlus, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science identified peer-reviewed studies published in English on adults aged 16 and above with an ABI diagnosis. Studies were included if they used a validated depression measure, had at least three assessment points, and applied group-based trajectory modelling. Exclusion criteria included studies focusing on neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders, or solely on treatments. The methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs\u2019 critical appraisal tool. The review synthesised data from ten studies involving 13,205 participants (average age 51.38\u00a0years, 55.86% male). Four depressive symptom trajectory groups were identified with varying prevalence:\n                    <jats:italic>stable low<\/jats:italic>\n                    (68%),\n                    <jats:italic>persistent high<\/jats:italic>\n                    (13%),\n                    <jats:italic>increasing<\/jats:italic>\n                    (20%), and\n                    <jats:italic>decreasing<\/jats:italic>\n                    (11%). Several key predictors including sex, age, injury severity, and education emerged as significant predictors of group membership in the\n                    <jats:italic>persistent high<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>increasing<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>decreasing<\/jats:italic>\n                    depressive groups. However, variability in study methodologies and sample compositions posed challenges to direct comparison. Nonetheless, the review underscores the importance of long-term monitoring and the development of tailored interventions, as depression can manifest or intensify years post-injury. Understanding depressive symptom trajectories could help create personalised interventions, improving quality of life for those with depression after ABI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-025-09674-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T10:55:24Z","timestamp":1754391324000},"page":"321-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterising Long-Term Depressive Symptoms Post-brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Symptom Trajectory Groups and Their Predictors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2545-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla","family":"Prince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2245-6880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Naragon-Gainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7094-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Weinborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-7774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela F.","family":"Pestell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2022). Rehabilitation and long-term care needs after traumatic brain injury. National Academies Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/24988","DOI":"10.17226\/24988"},{"issue":"9","key":"9674_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000590","volume":"37","author":"S Agtarap","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agtarap, S., Shelley, J., Bennett, M., Roden-Foreman, J. W., Rainey, E., Dome, M., Powers, M. B., Petrey, L. B., & Warren, A. M. (2018). The role of depression and social support on readmission rates within one year of traumatic injury. Health Psychology, 37(9), 799\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0000590","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5608","volume":"36","author":"JS Albrecht","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albrecht, J. S., Barbour, L., Abariga, S. A., Rao, V., & Perfetto, E. M. (2019). Risk of depression after traumatic brain injury in a large national sample. Journal of Neurotrauma, 36(2), 300\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5608","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"9674_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"10","key":"9674_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.021","volume":"57","author":"A Anand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anand, A., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Gao, S., Bukhari, L., Mathews, V. P., Kalnin, A., & Lowe, M. J. (2005). Activity and connectivity of brain mood regulating circuit in depression: A functional magnetic resonance study. Biological Psychiatry, 57(10), 1079\u20131088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.021","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"9674_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2678081","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2678081","volume":"2016","author":"N Andelic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andelic, N., Sigurdardottir, S., Arango-Lasprilla, J. C., & Godbolt, A. K. (2016). Long-term functional and psychosocial consequences and health care provision after traumatic brain injury. Behavioral Neurology, 2016, 2678081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/2678081","journal-title":"Behavioral Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"9674_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01018","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1018","volume":"8","author":"N Andelic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andelic, N., Howe, E. I., Hellstrom, T., Sanchez, M. F., Lu, J., Lovstad, M., & Roe, C. (2018). Disability and quality of life 20 years after traumatic brain injury. Brain and Behavior, 8(7), e01018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1018","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"9674_CR8","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2004). Australia\u2019s health 2004: The ninth biennial health report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (Vol. 9). Australia."},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.107664","volume":"202","author":"L Ayerbe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S., Wolfe, C. D., & Rudd, A. G. (2013). Natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(1), 14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.107664","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"9674_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13899","volume":"26","author":"SA Ayis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ayis, S. A., Rudd, A. G., Ayerbe, L., & Wolfe, C. D. A. (2019). Sex differences in trajectories of depression symptoms and associations with 10-year mortality in patients with stroke: The South London Stroke Register. European Journal of Neurology, 26(6), 872\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.13899","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"9674_CR11","unstructured":"Beck A. T., Steer R. A. (1993). Beck anxiety inventory manual. The Psychological Corporation."},{"issue":"19","key":"9674_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.599","volume":"303","author":"CH Bombardier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bombardier, C. H., Fann, J. R., Temkin, N. R., Esselman, P. C., Barber, J., & Dikmen, S. S. (2010). Rates of major depressive disorder and clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury. JAMA, 303(19), 1938\u20131945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2010.599","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"9674_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4349","volume":"33","author":"CH Bombardier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bombardier, C. H., Hoekstra, T., Dikmen, S., & Fann, J. R. (2016). Depression trajectories during the first year after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(23), 2115\u20132124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2015.4349","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"9674_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.02.008","volume":"104","author":"J Carmichael","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carmichael, J., Hicks, A. J., Gould, K. R., Ponsford, J., & Spitz, G. (2023). Ten-year cohort study of emotional distress trajectories after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 104(7), 1081\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.02.008","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9674_CR15","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software. (2023). Available at www.covidence.org."},{"issue":"8","key":"9674_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1297485","volume":"31","author":"E de Guise","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Guise, E., LeBlanc, J., Feyz, M., Lamoureux, J., & Greffou, S. (2017). Prediction of behavioural and cognitive deficits in patients with traumatic brain injury at an acute rehabilitation setting. Brain Injury, 31(8), 1061\u20131068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699052.2017.1297485","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"key":"9674_CR17","unstructured":"Department of Health and Aged Care. (2019). $50 million for traumatic brain injury medical research. Australian Government. https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/ministers\/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp\/media\/50-million-for-traumatic-brain-injury-medical-research"},{"key":"9674_CR18","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R. (1993). Brief symptom inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. National Computer Systems."},{"issue":"5","key":"9674_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.22.5.618","volume":"22","author":"K Draper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Draper, K., & Ponsford, J. (2008). Cognitive functioning ten years following traumatic brain injury and rehabilitation. Neuropsychology, 22(5), 618\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0894-4105.22.5.618","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"9674_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v7i0.357","volume":"7","author":"T Elloker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elloker, T., & Rhoda, A. J. (2018). The relationship between social support and participation in stroke: A systematic review. African Journal of Disability, 7, 357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/ajod.v7i0.357","journal-title":"African Journal of Disability"},{"key":"9674_CR21","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. (2019). Global Burden of Disease Study Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)."},{"key":"9674_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01320","volume":"8","author":"R Gomez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomez, R., Skilbeck, C., Thomas, M., & Slatyer, M. (2017). Growth mixture modeling of depression symptoms following traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01320","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9674_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171100033X","volume":"41","author":"KR Gould","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gould, K. R., Ponsford, J. L., Johnston, L., & Sch\u00f6nberger, M. (2011a). The nature, frequency and course of psychiatric disorders in the first year after traumatic brain injury: A prospective study. Psychological Medicine, 41(10), 2099\u20132109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329171100033X","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182036799","volume":"26","author":"K Gould","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gould, K., Ponsford, J., Johnston, L., & Sch\u00f6nberger, M. (2011b). Relationship between psychiatric disorders and 1-year psychosocial outcome following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26(1), 79\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182036799","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"9674_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.100","volume":"28","author":"JC Griffis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griffis, J. C., Metcalf, N. V., Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2019). Structural disconnections explain brain network dysfunction after stroke. Cell Reports, 28(10), 2527-2540.e2529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.100","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"9674_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e075049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075049","volume":"13","author":"B Guan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guan, B., Anderson, D. B., Chen, L., Feng, S., & Zhou, H. (2023). Global, regional and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. British Medical Journal Open, 13(10), e075049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075049","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"9674_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000069","volume":"61","author":"RA Hanks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanks, R. A., Rapport, L. J., Waldron Perrine, B., & Millis, S. R. (2016). Correlates of resilience in the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 61(3), 269\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rep0000069","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9674_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.03.036","volume":"93","author":"T Hart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hart, T., Hoffman, J. M., Pretz, C., Kennedy, R., Clark, A. N., & Brenner, L. A. (2012). A longitudinal study of major and minor depression following traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(8), 1343\u20131349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.03.036","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9674_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0003","author":"L Heath","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heath, L., Kidwai, M. R., Colella, B., Monette, G. A., Tselichtchev, P., Tomaszczyk, J., & Green, R. E. (2023). Predictors and functional outcomes associated with longitudinal trajectories of anxiety and depression from 2 to 36+ months after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0003","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"9674_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Horn, H. J., Liemburg, E. J., Aleman, A., Spikman, J. M., & van der Naalt, J. (2016). Brain networks subserving emotion regulation and adaptation after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2015.3905","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3905"},{"issue":"6","key":"9674_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200511000-00001","volume":"20","author":"RE Jorge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jorge, R. E., & Starkstein, S. E. (2005). Pathophysiologic aspects of major depression following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(6), 475\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001199-200511000-00001","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.1.42","volume":"61","author":"RE Jorge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jorge, R. E., Robinson, R. G., Moser, D., Tateno, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., & Arndt, S. (2004). Major depression following traumatic brain injury. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(1), 42\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.61.1.42","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"9674_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000056","volume":"60","author":"SB Juengst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Juengst, S. B., Adams, L. M., Bogner, J. A., Arenth, P. M., O\u2019Neil-Pirozzi, T. M., Dreer, L. E., Hart, T., Bergquist, T. F., Bombardier, C. H., Dijkers, M. P., & Wagner, A. K. (2015). Trajectories of life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury: Influence of life roles, age, cognitive disability, and depressive symptoms. Rehabilitation Psychology, 60(4), 353\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rep0000056","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Psychology"},{"key":"9674_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S113264","volume":"10","author":"SB Juengst","year":"2017","unstructured":"Juengst, S. B., Kumar, R. G., & Wagner, A. K. (2017). A narrative literature review of depression following traumatic brain injury: Prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 10, 175\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S113264","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","volume":"2","author":"T Jung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jung, T., & Wickrama, K. A. S. (2008). An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 302\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"issue":"6","key":"9674_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0071","volume":"72","author":"RH Kaiser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaiser, R. H., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Wager, T. D., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2015). Large-scale network dysfunction in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(6), 603\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0071","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"9674_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717817","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.717817","volume":"12","author":"C Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang, C. (2021). Predictors of post-stroke cognition among geriatric patients: The role of demographics, pre-stroke cognition, and trajectories of depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 717817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.717817","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9674_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E507","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000944","volume":"39","author":"J Kersey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kersey, J., Rice, H., Connor, L. T., Fields, B., & Hammel, J. (2024). \u201cThey just love me\u201d-An examination of social support experiences and values among people with TBI. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 39(6), E507\u2013E514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000944","journal-title":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"9674_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.007","volume":"87","author":"S Khoury","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khoury, S., & Benavides, R. (2018). Pain with traumatic brain injury and psychological disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 87(Pt B), 224\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.007","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"9674_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.01.013","volume":"99","author":"M Konigs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Konigs, M., Beurskens, E. A., Snoep, L., Scherder, E. J., & Oosterlaan, J. (2018). Effects of timing and intensity of neurorehabilitation on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(6), 1149-1159.e1141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.01.013","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200303000-00004","volume":"18","author":"JS Kreutzer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kreutzer, J. S., Marwitz, J. H., Walker, W., Sander, A., Sherer, M., Bogner, J., Fraser, R., & Bushnik, T. (2003). Moderating factors in return to work and job stability after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 18(2), 128\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001199-200303000-00004","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"9674_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.06.003","volume":"93","author":"WJ Kruithof","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kruithof, W. J., van Mierlo, M. L., Visser-Meily, J. M., van Heugten, C. M., & Post, M. W. (2013). Associations between social support and stroke survivors\u2019 health-related quality of life\u2013A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 93(2), 169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2013.06.003","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"key":"9674_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.003","volume":"281","author":"RG Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, R. G., Jayasinghe, N., Walker, R. L., Gibbons, L. E., Power, M. C., Larson, E. B., Crane, P. K., & Dams-O\u2019Connor, K. (2021). Association of remote traumatic brain injury and military employment with late-life trajectories of depressive symptom severity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 376\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.003","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"9674_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405901206","volume":"59","author":"RW Lam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lam, R. W., Kennedy, S. H., McIntyre, R. S., & Khullar, A. (2014). Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: Effects on psychosocial functioning and implications for treatment. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(12), 649\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674371405901206","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"9674_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levin, H. S., McCauley, S. R., Josic, C. P., Boake, C., Brown, S. A., Goodman, H. S., Merritt, S. G., & Brundage, S. I. (2005, May). Predicting depression following mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62(5), 523\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.523","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.523"},{"key":"9674_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.137","volume":"309","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, X., Wang, W., Li, X., Guo, L., & Lu, C. (2022). 6-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and incident stroke in older adults: Results from the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 309, 229\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.137","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.012","volume":"25","author":"R Malhotra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malhotra, R., Chei, C. L., Menon, E., Chow, W. L., Quah, S., Chan, A., & Matchar, D. B. (2016). Short-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in stroke survivors and their family caregivers. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 25(1), 172\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.012","journal-title":"Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"9674_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martinez, K. A., Ryu, E., Patrick, C. J., Temkin, N. R., Stein, M. B., Magnus, B. E., \u2026 Nelson, L. D. (2024). Distinct trajectories of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the 12 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI): A TRACK-TBI study. Psychological Medicine, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291724001211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724001211"},{"key":"9674_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb), 22(3), 276\u2013282. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23092060","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"9674_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McKee, A. C., & Daneshvar, D. H. (2015). The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury. In The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Vol. 127, pp. 45\u201366). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0"},{"key":"9674_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ, 339, b2535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"9674_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munn, Z., Moola, S., Lisy, K., Riitano, D., & Tufanaru, C. (2020). Systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. In JBI (Ed.), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIRM-17-05"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.033","volume":"139","author":"JA Murphy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murphy, J. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of the proposed DSM-5 diagnosis of Chronic Depressive Disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139(2), 172\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.033","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"9674_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.030","volume":"192","author":"KL Musliner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Musliner, K. L., Munk-Olsen, T., Eaton, W. W., & Zandi, P. P. (2016). Heterogeneity in long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms: Patterns, predictors and outcomes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 192, 199\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.030","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"9674_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413","volume":"6","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagin, D. S., & Odgers, C. L. (2010). Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 109\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001311","volume":"17","author":"T Ownsworth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ownsworth, T., Fleming, J., Haines, T., Cornwell, P., Kendall, M., Nalder, E., & Gordon, C. (2011). Development of depressive symptoms during early community reintegration after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(1), 112\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617710001311","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000026","volume":"30","author":"PB Perrin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perrin, P. B., Niemeier, J. P., Mougeot, J. L., Vannoy, C. H., Hirsch, M. A., Watts, J. A., Rossman, W., Grafton, L. M., Guerrier, T. D., Pershad, R., Kingsbury, C. A., Bartel, S. W., & Whitney, M. P. (2015). Measures of injury severity and prediction of acute traumatic brain injury outcomes. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 30(2), 136\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000026","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9674_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Polmann, H., Domingos, F. L., Melo, G., Stuginski\u2010Barbosa, J., Guerra, E. N. d. S., Porporatti, A. L., Dick, B. D., Flores\u2010Mir, C., & De Luca Canto, G. (2019). Association between sleep bruxism and anxiety symptoms in adults: A systematic review. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 46(5), 482\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.12785","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12785"},{"issue":"3","key":"9674_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31824ee1a8","volume":"27","author":"JL Ponsford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ponsford, J. L., Ziino, C., Parcell, D. L., Shekleton, J. A., Roper, M., Redman, J. R., Phipps-Nelson, J., & Rajaratnam, S. M. (2012). Fatigue and sleep disturbance following traumatic brain injury\u2013Their nature, causes, and potential treatments. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 27(3), 224\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31824ee1a8","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2997","volume":"31","author":"JL Ponsford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ponsford, J. L., Downing, M. G., Olver, J., Ponsford, M., Acher, R., Carty, M., & Spitz, G. (2014). Longitudinal follow-up of patients with traumatic brain injury: Outcome at two, five, and ten years post-injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 31(1), 64\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2013.2997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"9674_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.07.428","volume":"100","author":"G Pucciarelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pucciarelli, G., Lee, C. S., Lyons, K. S., Simeone, S., Alvaro, R., & Vellone, E. (2019). Quality of life trajectories among stroke survivors and the related changes in caregiver outcomes: A growth mixture study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 100(3), 433-440.e431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.07.428","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9674_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rabi-Zikic, T., Zivanovic, Z., Dajic, V., Simic, S., Ruzicka-Kaloci, S., Slankamenac, S., & Zikic, M. (2020). Predictors of early-onset depression after first-ever stroke. Acta Clin Croat, 59(1), 81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20471\/acc.2020.59.01.10","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2020.59.01.10"},{"key":"9674_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385\u2013401.","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2165\/11599560-000000000-00000","volume":"26","author":"MJ Rapoport","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rapoport, M. J. (2012). Depression following traumatic brain injury: Epidemiology, risk factors and management. CNS Drugs, 26(2), 111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11599560-000000000-00000","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.44.1.31","volume":"44","author":"MJ Rapoport","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rapoport, M. J., McCullagh, S., Streiner, D., & Feinstein, A. (2003b). The clinical significance of major depression following mild traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics, 44(1), 31\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.psy.44.1.31","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"9674_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rapoport, M. J., McCullagh, S., Streiner, D., & Feinstein, A. (2003). Age and major depression after mild traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(3), 365\u2013369. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12724117","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200305000-00015"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701201813","volume":"21","author":"L Rees","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rees, L., Marshall, S., Hartridge, C., Mackie, D., Weiser, M., & Erabi, G. (2007). Cognitive interventions post acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 21(2), 161\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699050701201813","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"9674_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E29","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000294","volume":"32","author":"D Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren, D., Fan, J., Puccio, A. M., Okonkwo, D. O., Beers, S. R., & Conley, Y. (2017). Group-based trajectory analysis of emotional symptoms among survivors after severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 32(6), E29\u2013E37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000294","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9674_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert, A., Steer, A. T., Beck, J. H., Riskind, G., & Brown, J. (1987). Relationships between the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression in depressed outpatients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 9(3), 327\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00964561","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964561"},{"issue":"3","key":"9674_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15030363","volume":"173","author":"RG Robinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson, R. G., & Jorge, R. E. (2016). Post-stroke depression: A review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(3), 221\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15030363","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2017.07.008","volume":"59","author":"D Roy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roy, D., Koliatsos, V., Vaishnavi, S., Han, D., & Rao, V. (2018). Risk factors for new-onset depression after first-time traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics, 59(1), 47\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psym.2017.07.008","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"9674_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rubio, J. M., Markowitz, J. C., Alegria, A., Perez-Fuentes, G., Liu, S. M., Lin, K. H., & Blanco, C. (2011). Epidemiology of chronic and nonchronic major depressive disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Depression and Anxiety, 28(8), 622\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20864","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20864"},{"issue":"25","key":"9674_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.893029","volume":"36","author":"N Sasse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sasse, N., Gibbons, H., Wilson, L., Martinez, R., Sehmisch, S., von Wild, K., & von Steinbuchel, N. (2014). Coping strategies in individuals after traumatic brain injury: Associations with health-related quality of life. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(25), 2152\u20132160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2014.893029","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9674_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Satz, P., Forney, D. L., Zaucha, K., Asarnow, R. R., Light, R., McCleary, C., Levin, H., Kelly, D., Bergsneider, M., Hovda, D., Martin, N., Namerow, N., & Becker, D. (1998, July). Depression, cognition, and functional correlates of recovery outcome after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 12(7), 537\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026990598122313","DOI":"10.1080\/026990598122313"},{"key":"9674_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Savulich, G., Menon, D. K., Stamatakis, E. A., Pickard, J. D., & Sahakian, B. J. (2018, July). Personalised treatments for traumatic brain injury: Cognitive, emotional and motivational targets. Psychological Medicine, 48(9), 1397\u20131399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291718000892","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718000892"},{"issue":"22","key":"9674_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4252","volume":"33","author":"AC Scholten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scholten, A. C., Haagsma, J. A., Cnossen, M. C., Olff, M., van Beeck, E. F., & Polinder, S. (2016). Prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety and depressive disorders after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(22), 1969\u20131994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2015.4252","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"9674_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsad073","volume":"48","author":"J Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen, J., & Wang, Y. (2023). Correlates of longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescents with traumatic brain injuries. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 48(12), 1021\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsad073","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"12","key":"9674_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.934285","volume":"28","author":"S Sigurdardottir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sigurdardottir, S., Andelic, N., Roe, C., & Schanke, A. K. (2014). Identifying longitudinal trajectories of emotional distress symptoms 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 28(12), 1542\u20131550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02699052.2014.934285","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"9674_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/0269905021000013219","volume":"17","author":"M Simmond","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simmond, M., & Fleming, J. (2003). Reliability of the self-awareness of deficits interview for adults with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 17(4), 325\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0269905021000013219","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"9674_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.JNS09626","volume":"113","author":"T Skandsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skandsen, T., Kvistad, K. A., Solheim, O., Strand, I. H., Folvik, M., & Vik, A. (2010). Prevalence and impact of diffuse axonal injury in patients with moderate and severe head injury: A cohort study of early magnetic resonance imaging findings and 1-year outcome. Journal of Neurosurgery, 113(3), 556\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.9.JNS09626","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"9674_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith, L. G. F., Milliron, E., Ho, M. L., Hu, H. H., Rusin, J., Leonard, J., & Sribnick, E. A. (2019). Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: An overview. Neurosurgical Focus, 47(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19652","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19652"},{"key":"9674_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stein, M. B., Jain, S., Giacino, J. T., Levin, H., Dikmen, S., Nelson, L. D., Vassar, M. J., Okonkwo, D. O., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Robertson, C. S., Mukherjee, P., McCrea, M., Mac Donald, C. L., Yue, J. K., Yuh, E., Sun, X., Campbell-Sills, L., Temkin, N., Manley, G. T., \u2026 Zafonte, R. (2019). Risk of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression in civilian patients after mild traumatic brain injury: A TRACK-TBI study. JAMA Psychiatry. 76(3), 249\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4288","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4288"},{"issue":"1","key":"9674_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.09.013","volume":"132","author":"MW Tham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tham, M. W., Woon, P. S., Sum, M. Y., Lee, T.-S., & Sim, K. (2011). White matter abnormalities in major depression: Evidence from post-mortem, neuroimaging and genetic studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 132(1), 26\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2010.09.013","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"9674_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1292320","volume":"40","author":"M van Mierlo","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Mierlo, M., van Heugten, C., Post, M. W. M., Hoekstra, T., & Visser-Meily, A. (2018). Trajectories of health-related quality of life after stroke: Results from a one-year prospective cohort study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(9), 997\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638288.2017.1292320","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9674_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.604090","volume":"42","author":"JM Veerbeek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Veerbeek, J. M., Kwakkel, G., van Wegen, E. E., Ket, J. C., & Heymans, M. W. (2011). Early prediction of outcome of activities of daily living after stroke: A systematic review. Stroke, 42(5), 1482\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.604090","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"14","key":"9674_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5359","volume":"35","author":"WC Walker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walker, W. C., Stromberg, K. A., Marwitz, J. H., Sima, A. P., Agyemang, A. A., Graham, K. M., Harrison-Felix, C., Hoffman, J. M., Brown, A. W., Kreutzer, J. S., & Merchant, R. (2018). Predicting long-term global outcome after traumatic brain injury: Development of a practical prognostic tool using the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(14), 1587\u20131595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5359","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"key":"9674_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00563","volume":"9","author":"C Wardlaw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wardlaw, C., Hicks, A. J., Sherer, M., & Ponsford, L. (2018). Psychological resilience is associated with participation outcomes following mild to severe traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 563\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00563","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09433-9","volume":"30","author":"PA Watson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watson, P. A., Gignac, G. E., Weinborn, M., Green, S., & Pestell, C. (2020). A meta-analysis of neuropsychological predictors of outcome following stroke and other non-traumatic acquired brain injuries in adults. Neuropsychology Review, 30(2), 194\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-020-09433-9","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"9674_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.583351","volume":"41","author":"R West","year":"2010","unstructured":"West, R., Hill, K., Hewison, J., Knapp, P., & House, A. (2010). Psychological disorders after stroke are an important influence on functional outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Stroke, 41(8), 1723\u20131727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.583351","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9674_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000508","author":"SA Wiechman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wiechman, S. A., Amtmann, D., Bocell, F. D., McMullen, K. A., Schneider, J. C., Rosenberg, L., Rosenberg, M., Carrougher, G. J., Kowalske, K., Ryan, C. M., Stewart, B. T., & Gibran, N. S. (2023). Trajectories of physical health-related quality of life among adults living with burn injuries: A Burn Model System National Database investigation to improve early intervention and rehabilitation service delivery. Rehabilitation Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rep0000508","journal-title":"Rehabilitation Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/14427591.2005.9686550","volume":"12","author":"D Winkler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Winkler, D., Unsworth, C., & Sloan, S. (2005). Time use following a severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Occupational Science, 12(2), 69\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14427591.2005.9686550","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Science"},{"key":"9674_CR93","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"9674_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.15701","volume":"33","author":"EQ Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng, E. Q., Zeng, B. Q., Tian, J. L., Du, B., Tian, X. B., Chen, H., & Ko\u00e7ak, Z. (2016). Perceived social support and its impact on mental fatigue in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Balkan Medical Journal, 33(2), 152\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.15701","journal-title":"Balkan Medical Journal"},{"key":"9674_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09674-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09674-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09674-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:03:13Z","timestamp":1791676993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09674-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09674-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-7308","1573-6660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-7308","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}