{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:17:50Z","timestamp":1775575070966,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROJ-00928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROJ-00928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychol Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although compensatory strategy training (CST) interventions are often regarded as the golden standard in practice, computerized restorative function training (CRFT) interventions became increasingly popular in recent years to rehabilitate cognitive problems in individuals with brain injuries. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of CST interventions in comparison to CRFT interventions with a particular focus on generalization of treatment effects to daily life. More specifically, we evaluated the efficacy across the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, with a particular focus on outcome measures at the activity and participation levels, as these are crucial for evaluating generalization. Database searches were conducted of studies investigating CST and CRFT interventions in comparison either with an active control condition or with one another. Scientific quality and risk of bias was rated using the RoB-2 Cochrane Tool. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that CST results in significant improvements on task performance (at the ICF activity level), as measured by proxy ratings. These effects were most notable for interventions targeting executive functioning and immediately post-treatment, with long-term effects remaining unclear. Notably, CRFT showed no improvements, with the active control group demonstrating significantly better task performance post-treatment compared to the CRFT group. However, further research is necessary to conduct a robust direct comparison between both interventions, to evaluate the long-term effects at the ICF activity level, and to evaluate which intervention method leads to improvements at the participation level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-025-09682-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:38:01Z","timestamp":1775572681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Compensatory Strategy Training Versus Computerized Restorative Function Training for Adults in the Chronic Stage After Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise M.","family":"Verhoog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2280-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Fasotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9500-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy P. C.","family":"Kessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7258-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Bertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-161416","volume":"40","author":"SN Ahn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahn, S. N., Yoo, E. Y., Jung, M. Y., Park, H. Y., Lee, J. Y., & Choi, Y. I. (2017). Comparison of cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance and conventional occupational therapy on occupational performance in individuals with stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabilitation, 40(3), 285\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/NRE-161416","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"9682_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.830195","volume":"27","author":"E \u00c5kerlund","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00c5kerlund, E., Esbj\u00f6rnsson, E., Sunnerhagen, K. S., & Bj\u00f6rkdahl, A. (2013). Can computerized working memory training improve impaired working memory, cognition and psychological health? Brain Injury, 27(13\u201314), 1649\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02699052.2013.830195","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2021.1934608","volume":"35","author":"S Amiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amiri, S., Hassani-Abharian, P., Vaseghi, S., Kazemi, R., & Nasehi, M. (2023). Effect of rehacom cognitive rehabilitation software on working memory and processing speed in chronic ischemic stroke patients. Assistive Technology, 35(1), 41\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10400435.2021.1934608","journal-title":"Assistive Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.183086","volume":"38","author":"A Barman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barman, A., Chatterjee, A., & Bhide, R. (2016). Cognitive impairment and rehabilitation strategies after traumatic brain injury. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 38(3), 172\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0253-7176.183086","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000838","volume":"38","author":"MT Bayley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bayley, M. T., Janzen, S., Harnett, A., Teasell, R., Patsakos, E., Marshall, S., & McIntyre, A. (2023). INCOG 2.0 guidelines for cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: Methods, overview, and principles. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 38(1), 7\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000838","journal-title":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"9682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050903196688","volume":"23","author":"T Bergquist","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bergquist, T., Gehl, C., Mandrekar, J., Lepore, S., Hanna, S., Osten, A., & Beaulieu, W. (2009). The effect of internet-based cognitive rehabilitation in persons with memory impairments after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 23(10), 790\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699050903196688","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"64","key":"9682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-64","volume":"13","author":"D Bertens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bertens, D., Fasotti, L., Boelen, D. H., & Kessels, R. P. (2013). A randomized controlled trial on errorless learning in goal management training: Study rationale and protocol. Bmc Neurology, 13(64), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2377-13-64","journal-title":"Bmc Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2003-18308","volume":"18","author":"A Bilbao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bilbao, A., Kennedy, C., Chatterji, S., \u00dcst\u00fcn, B., Barquero, J. L. V., & Barth, J. T. (2003). The ICF: Applications of the WHO model of functioning, disability and health to brain injury rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation, 18(3), 239\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/NRE-2003-18308","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"9682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.830196","volume":"27","author":"A Bj\u00f6rkdahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkdahl, A., \u00c5kerlund, E., Svensson, S., & Esbj\u00f6rnsson, E. (2013). A randomized study of computerized working memory training and effects on functioning in everyday life for patients with brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(13\u201314), 1658\u20131665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02699052.2013.830196","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"key":"9682_CR10","unstructured":"Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2017). Introduction to meta-analysis (2nd ed.). Wiley."},{"key":"9682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"J Chandler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. J. H. W. (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Wiley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"issue":"7","key":"9682_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.2154","volume":"28","author":"HY Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho, H. Y., Kim, K. T., & Jung, J. H. (2016). Effects of neurofeedback and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation on relative brain wave ratios and activities of daily living of stroke patients: A randomized control trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(7), 2154\u20132158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.28.2154","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Therapy Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"9682_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.19240","volume":"81","author":"KD Cicerone","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Kalmar, K., Langenbahn, D. M., Malec, J. F., Bergquist, T. F., & Morse, P. A. (2000). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Recommendations for clinical practice. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(12), 1596\u20131615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2000.19240","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"9682_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.024","volume":"86","author":"KD Cicerone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J. F., Langenbahn, D. M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp, S., & Catanese, J. (2005). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8), 1681\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.024","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"9682_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.02.011","volume":"100","author":"KD Cicerone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cicerone, K. D., Goldin, Y., Ganci, K., Rosenbaum, A., Wethe, J. V., Langenbahn, D. M., & Harley, J. P. (2019). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Systematic review of the literature from 2009 through 2014. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 100(8), 1515\u20131533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.02.011","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9682_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cramer, S. C., Sur, M., Dobkin, B. H., O\u2019Brien, C., Sanger, T. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., ... & Vinogradov, S. (2011). Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications. Brain, 134(6), 1591\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awr039","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr039"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2014.04.003","volume":"7","author":"R De Luca","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Luca, R., Calabr\u00f2, R. S., Gervasi, G., De Salvo, S., Bonanno, L., Corallo, F., & Bramanti, P. (2014). Is computer-assisted training effective in improving rehabilitative outcomes after brain injury? A case-control hospital-based study. Disability and Health Journal, 7(3), 356\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2014.04.003","journal-title":"Disability and Health Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.11.008","volume":"27","author":"R De Luca","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Luca, R., Leonardi, S., Spadaro, L., Russo, M., Aragona, B., Torrisi, M., Maggio, M. G., Bramanti, A., Naro, A., De Cola, M. C., & Calabr\u00f2, R. S. (2018). Improving cognitive function in patients with stroke: Can computerized training be the future? Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27(4), 1055\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.11.008","journal-title":"Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"9682_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dixon, R. A., Garrett, D. D., & B\u00e4ckman, L. (1999). Principles of compensation in cognitive neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, 59\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781316529898.004","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316529898.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/713755579","volume":"8","author":"K Doornhein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Doornhein, K., & De Haan, E. H. (1998). Cognitive training for memory deficits in stroke patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 8(4), 393\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/713755579","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"7109","key":"9682_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 315(7109), 629\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"9682_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.015","volume":"92","author":"WS Eikelboom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eikelboom, W. S., Janssen, N., Jiskoot, L. C., van den Berg, E., Roelofs, A., & Kessels, R. P. (2018). Episodic and working memory function in primary progressive aphasia: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 243\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.015","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"9682_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2018.1517369","volume":"30","author":"A Emmanouel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emmanouel, A., Kontrafouri, E., Nikolaos, P., Kessels, R. P., & Fasotti, L. (2020). Incorporation of a working memory strategy in GMT to facilitate serial-order behaviour in brain-injured patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 30(5), 888\u2013914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602011.2018.1517369","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/096020100389291","volume":"10","author":"L Fasotti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fasotti, L., Kovacs, F., Eling, P. A., & Brouwer, W. H. (2000). Time pressure management as a compensatory strategy training after closed head injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10(1), 47\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/096020100389291","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9682_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs8010004","author":"E Fernandez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandez, E., Bergado Rosado, J. A., Rodriguez Perez, D., Salazar Santana, S., Torres Aguilar, M., & Bringas, M. L. (2017). Effectiveness of a computer-based training program of attention and memory in patients with acquired brain damage. Behavioral Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs8010004","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"9682_CR26","unstructured":"Stroke Foundation. (2025). Australian and New Zealand living clinical guidelines for stroke management. InformMe. Retrieved July\u202f15,\u202f2025, from https:\/\/informme.org.au\/guidelines\/living-clinical-guidelines-for-stroke-management"},{"issue":"6","key":"9682_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0092","volume":"39","author":"CA Geusgens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Geusgens, C. A., Winkens, I., van Heugten, C. M., Jolles, J., & van den Heuvel, W. J. (2007). Occurrence and measurement of transfer in cognitive rehabilitation: A critical review. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 39(6), 425\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-0092","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"9682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092167","author":"L Goldman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldman, L., Siddiqui, E. M., Khan, A., Jahan, S., Rehman, M. U., Mehan, S., & Vaibhav, K. (2022). Understanding acquired brain injury: A review. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10092167","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316680484","volume":"31","author":"F Gracey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gracey, F., Fish, J. E., Greenfield, E., Bateman, A., Malley, D., Hardy, G., Ingham, J., Evans, J. J., & Manly, T. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of assisted intention monitoring for the rehabilitation of executive impairments following acquired brain injury. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 31(4), 323\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968316680484","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"},{"key":"9682_CR30","volume-title":"The science behind Lumosity","author":"J Hardy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hardy, J., & Scanlon, M. (2009). The science behind Lumosity. Lumos Labs."},{"key":"9682_CR31","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2023). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 6.4). Cochrane. https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"7414","key":"9682_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 327(7414), 557\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-210271","volume":"51","author":"HY Ho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho, H. Y., Chen, M. D., Tsai, C. C., & Chen, H. M. (2022). Effects of computerized cognitive training on cognitive function, activity, and participation in individuals with stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabilitation, 51(1), 79\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/NRE-210271","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation"},{"key":"9682_CR34","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia. Available at www.covidence.org"},{"key":"9682_CR35","unstructured":"JASP Team. (2023). JASP (version 0.19.1.0) [Computer software]. https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/"},{"key":"9682_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julien, A., Danet, L., Loisel, M., Brauge, D., Pariente, J., P\u00e9ran, P., & Planton, M. (2022). Update on the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A scoping review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 104(2), 315\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.07.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.07.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"9682_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010143000211","volume":"12","author":"R Kaschel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaschel, R., Sala, S. D., Cantagallo, A., Fahlb\u00f6ck, A., Laaksonen, R., & Kazen, M. (2002). Imagery mnemonics for the rehabilitation of memory: A randomised group controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(2), 127\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602010143000211","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9682_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.777807","volume":"36","author":"A Krasny-Pacini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krasny-Pacini, A., Chevignard, M., & Evans, J. (2014). Goal management training for rehabilitation of executive functions: A systematic review of effectiveness in patients with acquired brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(2), 105\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2013.777807","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9682_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00846","volume":"9","author":"MNVD Kuil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuil, M. N. V. D., Visser-Meily, J. M., Evers, A. W., & Ham, I. J. V. D. (2018). A usability study of a serious game in cognitive rehabilitation: A compensatory navigation training in acquired brain injury patients. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00846","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"9682_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Landahl, K. S., Schult, M. L., Kristian, B. O. R. G., & Bartfai, A. (2021). Comparison of attention process training and activity-based attention training after acquired brain injury: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 53(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-2875","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2875"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617700633052","volume":"6","author":"B Levine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levine, B., Robertson, I. H., Clare, L., Carter, G., Hong, J., Wilson, B. A., Duncan, J., & Stuss, D. T. (2000). Rehabilitation of executive functioning: An experimental\u2013clinical validation of goal management training. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6(3), 299\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1355617700633052","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"9682_CR42","unstructured":"Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09462-4","volume":"31","author":"S Lugtmeijer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lugtmeijer, S., Lammers, N. A., de Haan, E. H., de Leeuw, F. E., & Kessels, R. P. (2021). Post-stroke working memory dysfunction: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Neuropsychology Review, 31(1), 202\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-020-09462-4","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509102980","volume":"23","author":"McPherson, K. M., Kayes, N., Weatherall, M., & all members of the Goals-SR Research Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"McPherson, K. M., Kayes, N., Weatherall, M., & all members of the Goals-SR Research Group. (2009). A pilot study of self-regulation informed goal setting in people with traumatic brain injury. Clinical Rehabilitation, 23(4), 296\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269215509102980","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616635612","volume":"11","author":"M Melby-Lerv\u00e5g","year":"2016","unstructured":"Melby-Lerv\u00e5g, M., Redick, T. S., & Hulme, C. (2016). Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of \u201cfar transfer\u201d: Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 512\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691616635612","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"9682_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017","volume":"91","author":"DK Menon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Menon, D. K., Schwab, K., Wright, D. W., & Maas, A. I. (2010). Position statement: Definition of traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(11), 1637\u20131640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010802332108","volume":"19","author":"EC Miotto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miotto, E. C., Evans, J. J., Souza de Lucia, M. C., & Scaff, M. (2009). Rehabilitation of executive dysfunction: A controlled trial of an attention and problem solving treatment group. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(4), 517\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602010802332108","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9682_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Novakovic-Agopian, T., Chen, A. J. W., Rome, S., Abrams, G., Castelli, H., Rossi, A., ... & D\u2019Esposito, M. (2011). Rehabilitation of executive functioning with training in attention regulation applied to individually defined goals: A pilot study bridging theory, assessment, and treatment. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26(5), 325\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181f1ead2","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181f1ead2"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9682_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/J006v20n02_07","volume":"20","author":"HJ Polatajko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Polatajko, H. J., Mandich, A. D., Missiuna, C., Miller, L. T., Macnab, J. J., Malloy-Miller, T., & Kinsella, E. A. (2001). Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) part III-the protocol in brief. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 20(2\u20133), 107\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/J006v20n02_07","journal-title":"Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2012.001784","volume":"66","author":"HJ Polatajko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polatajko, H. J., McEwen, S. E., Ryan, J. D., & Baum, C. M. (2012). Pilot randomized controlled trial investigating cognitive strategy use to improve goal performance after stroke. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(1), 104\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2012.001784","journal-title":"The American Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"9682_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2011.630882","volume":"21","author":"MJ Potvin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Potvin, M. J., Rouleau, I., S\u00e9n\u00e9chal, G., & Gigu\u00e8re, J. F. (2011). Prospective memory rehabilitation based on visual imagery techniques. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(6), 899\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602011.2011.630882","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1123303","volume":"39","author":"V Poulin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poulin, V., Korner-Bitensky, N., Bherer, L., Lussier, M., & Dawson, D. R. (2017). Comparison of two cognitive interventions for adults experiencing executive dysfunction post-stroke: A pilot study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(1), 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2015.1123303","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9682_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701201813","volume":"21","author":"L Rees","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rees, L., Marshall, S., Hartridge, C., Mackie, D., & Weiser, M. (2007). Cognitive interventions post acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 21(2), 161\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699050701201813","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638","volume":"86","author":"R Rosenthal","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.3.400","volume":"99","author":"R Rosenthal","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1986). Meta-analytic procedures for combining studies with multiple effect sizes. Psychological Bulletin, 99(3), 400\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.99.3.400","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR56","first-page":"508","volume":"52","author":"C Rozental-Iluz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rozental-Iluz, C., Zeilig, G., Weingarden, H., & Rand, D. (2016). Improving executive function deficits by playing interactive video-games: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial for individuals with chronic stroke. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 52(4), 508\u2013515.","journal-title":"European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260310001606728","volume":"15","author":"DJ Schretlen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schretlen, D. J., & Shapiro, A. M. (2003). A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning. International Review of Psychiatry, 15(4), 341\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540260310001606728","journal-title":"International Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"9682_CR58","unstructured":"Sherman, E., & Hrabok, M. (2023). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Fundamentals of neuropsychological assessment and test reviews for clinical practice (4th ed.). Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0647","volume":"43","author":"D Shum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shum, D., Fleming, J., Gill, H., Gullo, M. J., & Strong, J. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of prospective memory rehabilitation in adults with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 43(3), 216\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-0647","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"9682_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2016.1140657","volume":"26","author":"L Sigmundsdottir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sigmundsdottir, L., Longley, W. A., & Tate, R. L. (2016). Computerised cognitive training in acquired brain injury: A systematic review of outcomes using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF). Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 26(5\u20136), 673\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602011.2016.1140657","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"12","key":"9682_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.08.021","volume":"91","author":"T Skandsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skandsen, T., Finnanger, T. G., Andersson, S., Lydersen, S., Brunner, J. F., & Vik, A. (2010). Cognitive impairment 3 months after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective follow-up study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(12), 1904\u20131913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.08.021","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"9682_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638908400941","volume":"11","author":"MM Sohlberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sohlberg, M. M., & Mateer, C. A. (1989). Training use of compensatory memory books: A three stage behavioral approach. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11(6), 871\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01688638908400941","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709991020","volume":"16","author":"JM Spikman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spikman, J. M., Boelen, D. H., Lamberts, K. F., Brouwer, W. H., & Fasotti, L. (2010). Effects of a multifaceted treatment program for executive dysfunction after acquired brain injury on indications of executive functioning in daily life. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(1), 118\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617709991020","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"9682_CR64","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Klinische Neuropsychologie","author":"JM Spikman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spikman, J. M., & Fasotti, L. (2012). Herstel en behandeling. In R. Kessels, P. Eling, R. Ponds, J. Spikman, & M. Van Zandvoort (Eds.), Klinische Neuropsychologie (pp. 134\u2013138). Boom."},{"issue":"2","key":"9682_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032215","volume":"52","author":"RJ Stolwyk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stolwyk, R. J., Mihaljcic, T., Wong, D. K., Chapman, J. E., & Rogers, J. M. (2021). Poststroke cognitive impairment negatively impacts activity and participation outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke, 52(2), 748\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032215","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9682_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-024-09635-5","author":"RJ Stolwyk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stolwyk, R. J., Mihaljcic, T., Wong, D. K., Hernandez, D. R., Wolff, B., & Rogers, J. M. (2024). Post-stroke cognition is associated with stroke survivor quality of life and caregiver outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-024-09635-5","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"key":"9682_CR67","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Principles and applications","author":"P Sudhir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sudhir, P. (2012). Applications of cognitive behavioral principles in neuropsychological rehabilitation. In J. Rajeswaran (Ed.), Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Principles and applications (pp. 79\u2013101). Elsevier."},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715001344","volume":"22","author":"S Torn\u00e5s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Torn\u00e5s, S., L\u00f8vstad, M., Solbakk, A. K., Evans, J., Endestad, T., Hol, P. K., Schanke, A. K., & Stubberud, J. (2016). Rehabilitation of executive functions in patients with chronic acquired brain injury with goal management training, external cuing, and emotional regulation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22(4), 436\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617715001344","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"9682_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7618","author":"M V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki","year":"2018","unstructured":"V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki, M., Mishina, K., Kaakinen, J. K., Holm, S. K., Vahlo, J., Kirjonen, M., & Koponen, A. (2018). Digital gaming for improving the functioning of people with traumatic brain injury: Randomized clinical feasibility study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.7618","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"9682_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van de Ven, R. M., Murre, J. M., Buitenweg, J. I., Veltman, D. J., Aaronson, J. A., Nijboer, T. C., ... & Schmand, B. (2017). The influence of computer-based cognitive flexibility training on subjective cognitive well-being after stroke: A multi-center randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 12(11), e0187582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187582","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187582"},{"issue":"3","key":"9682_CR71","first-page":"212","volume":"12","author":"CM Van Heugten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Heugten, C. M., Bertens, D., & Spikman, J. (2017). Richtlijn Neuropsychologische Revalidatie. Tijdschrift Voor Neuropsychologie, 12(3), 212\u2013214.","journal-title":"Richtlijn Neuropsychologische Revalidatie. Tijdschrift Voor Neuropsychologie"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"9682_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2016.1186101","volume":"26","author":"CM Van Heugten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Heugten, C. M., Ponds, R. W., & Kessels, R. P. (2016). Brain training: Hype or hope? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 26(5\u20136), 639\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602011.2016.1186101","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"key":"9682_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00043","volume":"6","author":"CC Walton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walton, C. C., Mowszowski, L., Lewis, S. J., & Naismith, S. L. (2014). Stuck in the mud: Time for change in the implementation of cognitive training research in ageing? Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00043","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"9682_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2016.1162175","volume":"26","author":"MM Wentink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wentink, M. M., Berger, M. A. M., De Kloet, A. J., Meesters, J., Band, G. P. H., Wolterbeek, R., & Vliet Vlieland, T. P. M. (2016). The effects of an 8-week computer-based brain training programme on cognitive functioning, QoL and self-efficacy after stroke. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 26(5\u20136), 847\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602011.2016.1162175","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9682_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050601148726","volume":"21","author":"H Westerberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Westerberg, H., Jacobaeus, H., Hirvikoski, T., Clevberger, P., \u00d6stensson, M. L., Bartfai, A., & Klingberg, T. (2007). Computerized working memory training after stroke\u2013a pilot study. Brain Injury, 21(1), 21\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699050601148726","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"key":"9682_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141212","volume":"4","author":"BA Wilson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wilson, B. A. (2008). Neuropsychological rehabilitation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 141\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141212","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"9682_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilson, B. A., Winegardner, J., van Heugten, C. M., & Ownsworth, T. (Eds.). (2017). Neuropsychological rehabilitation: The international handbook. Psychology Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315629537","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315629537"},{"issue":"10","key":"9682_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.04.016","volume":"90","author":"I Winkens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Winkens, I., Van Heugten, C. M., Wade, D. T., Habets, E. J., & Fasotti, L. (2009). Efficacy of time pressure management in stroke patients with slowed information processing: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(10), 1672\u20131679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.04.016","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9682_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2540","volume":"51","author":"TD Withiel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Withiel, T. D., Wong, D., Ponsford, J. L., Cadilhac, D. A., New, P., Mihaljcic, T., & Stolwyk, R. J. (2019). Comparing memory group training and computerized cognitive training for improving memory function following stroke: A phase II randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 51(5), 343\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-2540","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"9682_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09624-0","volume":"34","author":"D Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong, D., Pike, K., Stolwyk, R., Allott, K., Ponsford, J., McKay, A., Longley, W., Bosboom, P., Hodge, A., Kinsella, G., & Mowszowski, L. (2024). Delivery of neuropsychological interventions for adult and older adult clinical populations: An Australian expert working group clinical guidance paper. Neuropsychology Review, 34(4), 985\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09624-0","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review"},{"key":"9682_CR81","volume-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)","author":"World health organisation (WHO)","year":"2001","unstructured":"World health organisation (WHO). (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). WHO."},{"key":"9682_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Wang, X., Wang, T., Dmytriw, A. A., Zhang, X., Yang, K., ... & Xie, Y. (2021). Cognitive rehabilitation interventions after stroke: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi\/org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01607-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01607-7"},{"key":"9682_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45873","author":"V Zotey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zotey, V., Andhale, A., Shegekar, T., & Juganavar, A. (2023). Adaptive neuroplasticity in brain injury recovery: Strategies and insights. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.45873","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09682-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09682-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09682-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:38:09Z","timestamp":1775572689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09682-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["9682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-025-09682-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-7308","1573-6660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-7308","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"As this is a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies, no ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. RCPK and LF have contributed to an article that met the inclusion criteria of the review. However, this article was assessed by the first author (EMV) and DB to prevent competing interests. DB has written a letter to the editor that corresponds to the subject of this review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}