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Here, we report on complementary, interdisciplinary observations made of the eruptive gases and lavas that shed light on the processes and atmospheric impacts of the eruptions, and afford an intercomparison of contrasting eruptive styles and hazards. We find that (i) consistent with other authors, there are substantial differences in the gas composition between the eruptions; namely that the deeper stored Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull magmas led to greater enrichment in Cl relative to S; (ii) lava field SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> degassing was measured to be 5\u201320% of the total emissions during Holuhraun, and the lava emissions were enriched in Cl at both fissure eruptions\u2014particularly Fimmv\u00f6r\u00f0uh\u00e1ls; and (iii) BrO is produced in Icelandic plumes in spite of the low UV levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-023-06114-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T15:05:13Z","timestamp":1692457513000},"page":"463-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Insights into volcanic hazards and plume chemistry from multi-parameter observations: the eruptions of Fimmv\u00f6r\u00f0uh\u00e1ls and Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull (2010) and Holuhraun (2014\u20132015)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3596-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Donovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talfan","family":"Barnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjarda","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baldur","family":"Bergsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Ilyinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nial","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Buisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arn\u00ed","family":"Snorrason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitchko","family":"Tsanev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Oppenheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2008.08.022","volume":"263","author":"A Aiuppa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aiuppa A (2009) Degassing of halogens from basaltic volcanism: Insights from volcanic gas observations. 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