{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:51:35Z","timestamp":1771635095856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharm Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0928-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]],"date-time":"2012-12-03T19:04:11Z","timestamp":1354561451000},"page":"866-877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Evaluation of Skin Permeation of \u03b2-Blockers for Topical Drug Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Doungdaw","family":"Chantasart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Kevin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"928_CR1","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"TC Westfall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Westfall TC, Westfall DP. \u03b2-adrenegic receptor antagonists. In: Brunton LL, editor. Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw Hill Medical; 2011. p. 310\u201333."},{"key":"928_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197601040-00001","volume":"1","author":"G Johnsson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Johnsson G, Reg\u00e0rdh CG. Clinical pharmacokinetics of \u03b2-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1976;1:233\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"928_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199202030-00005","volume":"2","author":"AM Brooks","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brooks AM, Gillies WE. Ocular beta-blockers in glaucoma management. Clinical pharmacological aspects. Drugs Aging. 1992;2:208\u201321.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"928_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1994.tb02042.x","volume":"34","author":"WH Frishman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frishman WH, Fuksbrumer MS, Tannenbaum M. Topical ophthalmic beta-adrenergic blockade for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;34:795\u2013803.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"928_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.05.002","volume":"14","author":"KM Haider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haider KM, Plager DA, Neely DE, Eikenberry J, Haggstrom A. Outpatient treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas with oral propranolol. J AAPOS. 2010;14:251\u20136.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"928_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2008.10.006","volume":"135","author":"C L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze C, Ta\u00efeb A. Efficacy of beta-blockers in infantile capillary haemangiomas: the physiological significance and therapeutic consequences. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2008;135:860\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"928_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0708819","volume":"358","author":"C L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze C, Dumas de la Roque E, Hubiche T, Boralevi F, Thambo JB, Ta\u00efeb A. Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2649\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"928_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.010","volume":"156","author":"MT Truong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Truong MT, Chang KW, Berk DR, Heerema-McKenney A, Bruckner AL. Propranolol for the treatment of a life-threatening subglottic and mediastinal infantile hemangioma. J Pediatr. 2010;156:335\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"928_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19971201)67:3<353::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"67","author":"G D\u2019Angelo","year":"1997","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo G, Lee H, Weiner RI. cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the mitogenic action of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in capillary endothelial cells by blocking Raf activation. J Cell Biochem. 1997;67:353\u201366.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"928_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09848.x","volume":"163","author":"C Storch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Storch C, Hoeger P. Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: insights into the molecular mechanisms of action. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163:269\u201374.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"928_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1290\/1071-2690(2002)038<0298:BBIAIC>2.0.CO;2","volume":"38","author":"SK Sommers Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sommers Smith SK, Smith DM. Beta blockade induces apoptosis in cultured capillary endothelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2002;38:298\u2013304.","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"928_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10177.x","volume":"164","author":"N Khunger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khunger N, Pahwa M. Dramatic response to topical timolol lotion of a large hemifacial infantile haemangioma associated with PHACE syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164:886\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"928_CR13","first-page":"377","volume":"129","author":"N Ni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ni N, Langer P, Wagner R, Guo S. Topical timolol for periocular hemangioma: report of further study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129:377\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"928_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.208884","volume":"96","author":"A Starkey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Starkey A, Shahudulah H. Propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: a review. Arch Dis Child. 2011;96:890\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"928_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.056","volume":"65","author":"MF Rapha\u00ebl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rapha\u00ebl MF, de Graaf M, Breugem CC, Pasmans SGMA, Breur JMPJ. Atenolol: a promising alternative to propranolol for the treatment of hemangiomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:420\u20131.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"928_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.01.077","volume":"15","author":"S Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo S, Wagner R. Use of topical timolol for cosmetically significant facial hemangioma in children. J AAPOS. 2011;15:e20.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"928_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1159\/000334778","volume":"223","author":"AP Oranje","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oranje AP, Janmohamed SR, Madern GC, de Laat PC. Treatment of small superficial haemangioma with timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution: a series of 20 cases. Dermatology. 2011;223:330\u20134.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"928_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00380-4","volume":"194","author":"P Modamio","year":"2000","unstructured":"Modamio P, Lastra CF, Mari\u00f1o EL. A comparative in vitro study of percutaneous penetration of \u03b2-blockers in human skin. Int J Pharm. 2000;194:249\u201359.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"928_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.07.029","volume":"56","author":"S Seidi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seidi S, Yamini Y, Rezazadeh M. Electrically enhanced microextraction for highly selective transport of three \u03b2-blocker drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;56:859\u201366.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"928_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(90)90103-B","volume":"63","author":"G Burgot","year":"1990","unstructured":"Burgot G, Serrand P, Burgot JL. Thermodynamics of partitioning in the n-octanol\/water system of some \u03b2-blockers. Int J Pharm. 1990;63:73\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"928_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00402-6","volume":"200","author":"J Hadgraft","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hadgraft J, Valenta C. pH, pKa and dermal delivery. Int J Pharm. 2000;200:243\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"928_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015944018555","volume":"6","author":"SD Roy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Roy SD, Flynn GL. Transdermal delivery of narcotic analgesics: comparative permeabilities of narcotic analgesics through human cadaver skin. Pharm Res. 1989;6:825\u201332.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"928_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015912932416","volume":"7","author":"SD Roy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roy SD, Flynn GL. Transdermal delivery of narcotic analgesics: pH, anatomical, and subject influences on cutaneous permeability of fentanyl and sufentanil. Pharm Res. 1990;7:842\u20137.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"928_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040601128639","volume":"33","author":"M Svozil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Svozil M, Dole\u017eal P, Hrab\u00e1lek A. In vitro studies on transdermal permeation of butorphanol. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2007;33:559\u201367.","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"928_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1963.01590240026005","volume":"88","author":"AM Kligman","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kligman AM, Christophers E. Preparation of isolated sheets of human stratum corneum. Arch Dermatol. 1963;88:702\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"928_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0181-z","volume":"27","author":"D Chantasart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chantasart D, Li SK. Relationship between the enhancement effects of chemical permeation enhancers on the lipoidal transport pathway across human skin under the symmetric and asymmetric conditions in vitro. Pharm Res. 2010;27:1825\u201336.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"928_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(93)90050-P","volume":"98","author":"KD Peck","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peck KD, Ghanem AH, Higuchi WI, Srinivasan V. Improved stability of the human epidermal membrane during successive permeability experiments. Int J Pharm. 1993;98:141\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"928_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015820600672","volume":"7","author":"GB Kasting","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kasting GB, Bowman LA. DC electrical properties of frozen, excised human skin. Pharm Res. 1990;7:134\u201343.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"928_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600840813","volume":"84","author":"KD Peck","year":"1995","unstructured":"Peck KD, Ghanem AH, Higuchi WI. The effect of temperature upon the permeation of polar and ionic solutes through human epidermal membrane. J Pharm Sci. 1995;84:975\u201382.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"928_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20865","volume":"96","author":"D Chantasart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chantasart D, Sa-Nguandeekul P, Prakongpan S, Li SK, Higuchi WI. Comparison of the effects of chemical permeation enhancers on the lipoidal pathways of human epidermal membrane and hairless mouse skin and the mechanism of enhancer action. J Pharm Sci. 2007;96:2310\u201326.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"928_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015810312465","volume":"9","author":"RO Potts","year":"1992","unstructured":"Potts RO, Guy RH. Predicting skin permeability. Pharm Res. 1992;9:663\u20139.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"928_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(03)00010-5","volume":"88","author":"AR Denet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Denet AR, Pr\u00e9at V. Transdermal delivery of timolol by electroporation through human skin. J Control Release. 2003;88:253\u201362.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"928_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000008041.86042.c0","volume":"20","author":"AR Denet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Denet AR, Ucakar B, Pr\u00e9at V. Transdermal delivery of timolol and atenolol using electroporation and iontophoresis in combination: a mechanistic approach. Pharm Res. 2003;20:1946\u201351.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"928_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10611860410001673591","volume":"12","author":"DG Fatouros","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fatouros DG, Bouwstra JA. Iontophoretic enhancement of timolol across human dermatomed skin in vitro. J Drug Target. 2004;12:19\u201324.","journal-title":"J Drug Target"},{"key":"928_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00208-5","volume":"71","author":"N Kanikkannan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kanikkannan N, Singh J, Ramarao P. In vitro transdermal iontophoretic transport of timolol maleate: effect of age and species. J Control Release. 2001;71:99\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"928_CR36","first-page":"42","volume":"38","author":"B Ghosh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ghosh B, Reddy LH, Kulkarni RV, Khanam J. Comparison of skin permeability of drugs in mice and human cadaver skin. Indian J Exp Biol. 2000;38:42\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"928_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.3.3.405","volume":"3","author":"M Aqil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aqil M, Sultana Y, Ali A. Transdermal delivery of beta-blockers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2006;3:405\u201318.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"928_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1021\/js970189l","volume":"87","author":"SK Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li SK, Ghanem AH, Peck KD, Higuchi WI. Characterization of the transport pathways induced during low to moderate voltage iontophoresis in human epidermal membrane. J Pharm Sci. 1998;87:40\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"928_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38839-8","volume":"27","author":"DJ Cabral","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cabral DJ, Hamilton JA, Small DM. The ionization behavior of bile acids in different aqueous environments. J Lipid Res. 1986;27:334\u201343.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"928_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39182-3","volume":"35","author":"J Ko","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ko J, Hamilton JA, Ton-Nu HT, Schteingart CD, Hofmann AF, Small DM. Effects of side chain length on ionization behavior and transbilayer transport of unconjugated dihydroxy bile acids: a comparison of nor-chenodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. J Lipid Res. 1994;35:883\u201392.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"928_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.10153","volume":"48","author":"EL Mehler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mehler EL, Fuxreiter M, Simon I, Garcia-Moreno EB. The role of hydrophobic microenvironments in modulating pKa shifts in proteins. Proteins Struct Funct Genet. 2002;48:283\u201392.","journal-title":"Proteins Struct Funct Genet"},{"key":"928_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520802326718","volume":"27","author":"J Ayer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ayer J, Maibach HI. Human skin buffering capacity against a reference base sodium hydroxide: in vitro model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2008;27:271\u201381.","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"928_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00392.x","volume":"15","author":"H Zhai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhai H, Chan HP, Farahmand S, Maibach HI. Measuring human skin buffering capacity: an in vitro model. Skin Res Technol. 2009;15:470\u20135.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"928_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moehrle M, L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze C, Schmidt V, R\u00f6cken M, Poets CF, Goelz R. Topical timolol for small hemangiomas of infancy. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012: Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2012.01723.x"},{"key":"928_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01664.x","volume":"29","author":"A Chakkittakandiyil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chakkittakandiyil A, Phillips R, Frieden IJ, et al. Timolol maleate 0.5% or 0.1% gel-forming solution for infantile hemangiomas: a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29:28\u201331.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"928_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01615.x","volume":"29","author":"K Kunzi-Rapp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kunzi-Rapp K. Topical propranolol therapy for infantile hemangiomas. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29:154\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"928_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.01.001","volume":"74","author":"AP Zimmermann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zimmermann AP, Wiegand S, Werner JA, Eivazi B. Propranolol therapy for infantile haemangiomas: review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74:338\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"928_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1993.1091","volume":"21","author":"TJ Franz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Franz TJ, Lehman PA, Franz SF, et al. Percutaneous penetration of n-nitrosodiethanine through human skin (in vitro): comparison of finite and infinite dose application from cosmetic vehicles. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993;21:213\u201321.","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"928_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08866.x","volume":"160","author":"S Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gr\u00e9goire S, Ribaud C, Benech F, Meunier JR, Garrigues-Mazert A, Guy RH. Prediction of chemical absorption into and through the skin from cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160:80\u201391.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1357-8","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000}}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-012-0928-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11095-012-0928-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-012-0928-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T02:22:17Z","timestamp":1643768537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11095-012-0928-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-012-0928-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0724-8741","1573-904X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0724-8741","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-904X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]]}}}