{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:52:22Z","timestamp":1776091942385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istinye University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharm Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), identified by the World Health Organization(WHO) as a potential epidemic threat, is a tick-borne Nairovirus primarily transmitted by Hyalomma marginatum species. Since its first detection in the 1940s, CCHFV has spread to multiple regions worldwide and remains a major public health concern due to its high fatality rate and expanding geographic distribution. The virus can be transmitted through tick bites or contact with infected individuals, and no licensed vaccine is currently available to prevent infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, two CCHFV proteins, Q8JSZ3 (GP_CCHFI) and Q6TQR6 (L_CCHFI), were retrieved from public databases and analyzed using bioinformatic tools to explore their potential as vaccine candidates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The computational analyses revealed that both proteins possess non-toxic characteristics and show promise for future vaccine design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide a preliminary in-silico framework that may guide the development of effective vaccines against CCHFV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-025-04002-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:17:58Z","timestamp":1768508278000},"page":"653-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Silico Analysis of Potential Vaccine Antigens for the Treatment of\u00a0Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (Cchfv)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Deniz","family":"T\u00fcl\u00fcmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furkan","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.08.001","volume":"64","author":"CA Whitehouse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whitehouse CA. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antivir Res. 2004;64(3):145\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.08.001.","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4002_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00871-9","volume":"21","author":"DW Hawman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hawman DW, Feldmann H. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(7):463\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-023-00871-9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4002_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/15.4.307","volume":"15","author":"H Hoogstraal","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hoogstraal H. The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J Med Entomol. 1979;15(4):307\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmedent\/15.4.307.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4002_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615162","volume":"377","author":"Negredo, A., de la Calle-Prieto, F., Palencia-Herrej\u00f3n, E., Mora-Rillo, M., Astray-Mochales, J., S\u00e1nchez-Seco, M. P., Bermejo Lopez, E., Men\u00e1rguez, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz, A., S\u00e1nchez-Artola, B., Keough-Delgado, E., Ram\u00edrez de Arellano, E., Lasala, F., Milla, J., Fraile, J. L., Ordob\u00e1s Gav\u00edn, M., Martinez de la G\u00e1ndara, A., L\u00f3pez Perez, L., Diaz-Diaz, D., L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda, M. A., \u2026 Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever@Madrid Working Group","year":"2017","unstructured":"Negredo, A., de la Calle-Prieto, F., Palencia-Herrej\u00f3n, E., Mora-Rillo, M., Astray-Mochales, J., S\u00e1nchez-Seco, M. P., Bermejo Lopez, E., Men\u00e1rguez, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Cruz, A., S\u00e1nchez-Artola, B., Keough-Delgado, E., Ram\u00edrez de Arellano, E., Lasala, F., Milla, J., Fraile, J. L., Ordob\u00e1s Gav\u00edn, M., Martinez de la G\u00e1ndara, A., L\u00f3pez Perez, L., Diaz-Diaz, D., L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda, M. A., \u2026 Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever@Madrid Working Group. Autochthonous Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Spain. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(2):154\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1615162.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4002_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.006","volume":"100","author":"DA Bente","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bente DA, Forrester NL, Watts DM, McAuley AJ, Whitehouse CA, Bray M. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity. Antivir Res. 2013;100(1):159\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.006.","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4002_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70435-2","volume":"6","author":"O Erg\u00f6n\u00fcl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Erg\u00f6n\u00fcl O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(4):203\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70435-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4002_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6106-6_17","volume-title":"Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective","author":"M Bray","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bray M. Comparative pathogenesis of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. In: Ergonul O, Whitehouse CA, editors. Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Global Perspective. Dordrecht, NL: Springer; 2007. p. 221\u201331."},{"key":"4002_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16189.1","volume":"7","author":"DW Hawman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hawman DW, Feldmann H. Recent advances in understanding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. F1000Res. 2018;7:1715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.16189.1.","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"4002_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasteiger E., Hoogland C., Gattiker A., Duvaud S., Wilkins M.R., Appel R.D., Bairoch A.; Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the Expasy Server; (In) John M. Walker (ed): The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, Humana Press (2005). pp. 571\u2013607 Full text - Copyright Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-890-0:571"},{"key":"4002_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(96)66034-0","volume":"266","author":"J Garnier","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garnier J, Gibrat JF, Robson B. Gor method for predicting protein secondary structure from amino acid sequence. Methods Enzymol. 1996;266:540\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0076-6879(96)66034-0.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4002_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-5783-1-6","volume":"1","author":"WN Price","year":"2011","unstructured":"Price WN, Handelman SK, Everett JK, Tong SN, Bracic A, Luff JD, et al. Large-scale experimental studies show unexpected amino acid effects on protein expression and solubility in vivo in E. coli. Microb Inform Exp. 2011;1(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2042-5783-1-6.","journal-title":"Microb Inform Exp"},{"key":"4002_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","volume":"8","author":"IA Doytchinova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doytchinova IA, Flower DR. VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines. BMC Bioinformatics. 2007;8:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"Web Server issu","key":"4002_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl34","volume":"34","author":"S Saha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saha S, Raghava GP. AlgPred: prediction of allergenic proteins and mapping of IgE epitopes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(Web Server issue):W202\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkl34.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4002_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020431","volume":"15","author":"V Morozov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morozov V, Rodrigues CHM, Ascher DB. CSM-Toxin: a web-server for predicting protein toxicity. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(2):431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020431.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4002_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90602-7","volume":"182","author":"SC Gill","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gill SC, von Hippel PH. Calculation of protein extinction coefficients from amino acid sequence data. Anal Biochem. 1989;182(2):319\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90602-7.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4002_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1997.1020301.x","volume":"2","author":"A Varshavsky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Varshavsky A. The N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. Genes Cells. 1997;2(1):13\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1997.1020301.x.","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"issue":"4773","key":"4002_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3018930","volume":"234","author":"A Bachmair","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bachmair A, Finley D, Varshavsky A. In vivo half-life of a protein is a function of its amino-terminal residue. Science. 1986;234(4773):179\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3018930.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"4002_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/4.2.155","volume":"4","author":"K Guruprasad","year":"1990","unstructured":"Guruprasad K, Reddy BV, Pandit MW. Correlation between stability of a protein and its dipeptide composition: a novel approach for predicting in vivo stability of a protein from its primary sequence. Protein Eng Des Sel. 1990;4(2):155\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/protein\/4.2.155.","journal-title":"Protein Eng Des Sel"},{"issue":"6","key":"4002_CR19","first-page":"1895","volume":"88","author":"A Ikai","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ikai A. Thermostability and aliphatic index of globular proteins. J Biochem. 1980;88(6):1895\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4002_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0","volume":"157","author":"J Kyte","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kyte J, Doolittle RF. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Mol Biol. 1982;157(1):105\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"4002_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jinrui Xu, Yang Zhang, How significant is a protein structure similarity with TM-score = 0.5?, Bioinformatics, Volume 26, Issue 7, April 2010, Pages 889\u2013895, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq066","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq066"},{"issue":"7","key":"4002_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006598","volume":"12","author":"A Fritzen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fritzen A, Risinger C, Korukluoglu G, Christova I, Corli Hitzeroth A, Viljoen N, et al. Epitope-mapping of the glycoprotein from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus using a microarray approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(7):e0006598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006598.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4002_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12651-1","volume":"12","author":"AA Omoniyi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omoniyi AA, Adebisi SS, Musa SA, Nzalak JO, Bauchi ZM, Bako KW, et al. In silico design and analyses of a multi-epitope vaccine against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus through reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):8736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-12651-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4002_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1238882","volume":"14","author":"B Ahata","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahata B, Ak\u00e7ap\u0131nar GB. CCHFV vaccine development, current challenges, limitations, and future directions. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1238882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1238882.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-025-04002-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11095-025-04002-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-025-04002-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:54:37Z","timestamp":1776088477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11095-025-04002-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-025-04002-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0724-8741","1573-904X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0724-8741","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-904X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}