{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:51:27Z","timestamp":1791863487139,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HORIZON-MSCA-2021-DN-01 #101072645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HORIZON-MSCA-2021-DN-01 #101072645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004769","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharm Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a deep vacuum vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH\u2082O\u2082) sterilization method capable of preserving the structural and functional integrity of biocompatible polymeric electrospun mats usable as advanced biocompatible medical implants and devices, with particular focus on the influence of vacuum level during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electrospun mats made of poly-L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly-L-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone (PLC), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared and sterilized with VH\u2082O\u2082 under low-vacuum (LV, 10\u00a0mbar) and high-vacuum (HV, 2\u00a0mbar) conditions at 20\u201350\u00a0\u00b0C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessed fiber morphology and pore area, contact angle measurements evaluated surface wettability, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected chemical modifications, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyzed weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (PI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HV sterilization caused fiber compression across all polymers, increasing fiber diameter and reducing pore area. LV sterilization conditions prevented morphological changes in TPU and PLC, while PLGA remained sensitive under both vacuum levels. PLGA also exhibited increased hydrophilicity due to surface reorganization and transition from Cassie\u2013Baxter to Wenzel-type wetting. FTIR showed no chemical changes, and GPC confirmed stable Mw and PI for all tested materials (PLGA: 25\u201327\u00a0kDa; PLC: 16\u201318\u00a0kDa; TPU: 23\u201325\u00a0kDa).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep vacuum VH\u2082O\u2082 sterilization at room temperature is feasible, with vacuum level critical for maintaining scaffold integrity. LV sterilization effectively preserves morphology in PLC and TPU, while HV is also reliable for less sensitive polymers. Chemical and molecular properties remain unaffected, supporting VH\u2082O\u2082 sterilization as a gentle and effective promising method for implantable textile-based biomaterials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-026-04063-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:47:14Z","timestamp":1773694034000},"page":"1259-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advancing Sterilization of Medical Implant Polymers: Novel Low-Temperature Deep-vacuum Vaporized H2O2 Technology Surpasses Current Methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Abinaya","family":"Nallathambi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Rosalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Tamborini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Genta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4063_CR1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO 17665:2024 Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Moist heat \u2014 Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices. Geneva: Switzerland; 2024. www.iso.org."},{"key":"4063_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13132115","author":"S P\u00e9rez Davila","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Davila S, Gonz\u00e1lez Rodr\u00edguez L, Chiussi S, Serra J, Gonz\u00e1lez P. How to sterilize polylactic acid based medical devices? Polymers. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym13132115.","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"4063_CR3","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO 20857:2010 Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Dry heat \u2014 Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices. Geneva: Switzerland; 2010. www.iso.org."},{"key":"4063_CR4","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO\/TS 16775:2021 \u2013 Packaging for terminally sterilized medical devices \u2013 Guidance on the application of ISO 11607\u20131 and ISO 11607\u20132. Geneva: Switzerland; 2021. www.iso.org."},{"issue":"11","key":"4063_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19970314)63:11<1499::AID-APP12>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"63","author":"KA Hooper","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hooper KA, Cox JD, Kohn J. Comparison of the effect of ethylene oxide and \u03b3-irradiation on selected tyrosine-derived polycarbonates and poly(L-lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci. 1997;63(11):1499\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19970314)63:11<1499::AID-APP12>3.0.CO;2-Y.","journal-title":"J Appl Polym Sci"},{"key":"4063_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giant.2024.100277","volume":"18","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Lau D. Advances in shape memory polymers and their composites: from theoretical modeling and MD simulations to additive manufacturing. Giant. 2024;18: 100277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.giant.2024.100277.","journal-title":"Giant"},{"key":"4063_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15092002","author":"H Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ge H, Shi W, He C, Feng A, Thang SH. Star-shaped thermoplastic elastomers prepared via RAFT polymerization. Polymers (Basel). 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15092002.","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"4063_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2016.07.016","volume":"82","author":"CF Rediguieri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rediguieri CF, Sassonia RC, Dua K, Kikuchi IS, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T. Impact of sterilization methods on electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering. Eur Polym J. 2016;82:181\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2016.07.016.","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4063_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002128","volume":"86","author":"I Ullah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ullah I, Noman Qayyum S, Rehman E, Ejaz Z, Saifan AM. FDA\u2019s new approach - adoption of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for medical equipment\u2019s sterilization. Ann Med Surg. 2024;86(8):4308\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002128.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"4063_CR10","unstructured":"European Commission. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022\/1423 of 22 July 2022 granting a Union authorisation for the biocidal product family \u201cHydrogen Peroxide Family 1\u201d\u2019; 2022. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg_impl\/2022\/1423\/oj. Accessed 10 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"43","key":"4063_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28788","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c03569","volume":"6","author":"M Sriyai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sriyai M, et al. Development of an antimicrobial-coated absorbable monofilament suture from a medical-grade poly(l-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone) copolymer. ACS Omega. 2021;6(43):28788\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.1c03569.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"4063_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00136-8","volume":"22","author":"CE Holy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holy CE, Cheng C, Davies JE, Shoichet MS. Optimizing the sterilization of PLGA scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2000;22(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00136-8.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4063_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.10.027","volume":"94","author":"L Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang L, et al. Electrospun nanofibrous thermoplastic polyurethane\/poly(glycerol sebacate) hybrid scaffolds for vocal fold tissue engineering applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;94:740\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2018.10.027.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"4063_CR14","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO 22441:2022 Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Low temperature vaporized hydrogen peroxide \u2014 Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices. Geneva: Switzerland; 2022. www.iso.org."},{"key":"4063_CR15","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO 11138\u20131:2017 Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Biological indicators \u2014 Part 1: General requirements. Geneva: Switzerland; 2017. www.iso.org."},{"key":"4063_CR16","unstructured":"Instituto Argentino de Normalizaci\u00f3n y Certificaci\u00f3n, IRAM 37102\u20131:2003 Esterilizaci\u00f3n de productos para la salud. Indicadores biol\u00f3gicos. Parte 1: Requisitos generales Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2003. https:\/\/www.iram.org.ar\/."},{"issue":"18","key":"4063_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38165","volume":"10","author":"R Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun R, et al. The drug release of PLGA-based nanoparticles and their application in treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Heliyon. 2024;10(18): e38165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38165.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"7","key":"4063_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.0c00315","volume":"2","author":"MA Murcia Valderrama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murcia Valderrama MA, van Putten R-J, Gruter G-JM. PLGA barrier materials from CO(2). The influence of lactide co-monomer on glycolic acid polyesters. ACS Appl Polym Mater. 2020;2(7):2706\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsapm.0c00315.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Polym Mater"},{"key":"4063_CR19","volume-title":"ISO 11737\u20132 Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Microbiological methods \u2014 Part 2: Tests of sterility performed in the definition, validation and maintenance of a sterilization process","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2019","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO 11737\u20132 Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Microbiological methods \u2014 Part 2: Tests of sterility performed in the definition, validation and maintenance of a sterilization process. Geneva: Switzerland; 2019."},{"key":"4063_CR20","volume-title":"ISO 11140\u20131: Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Chemical indicators \u2014 Part 1: General requirements","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2017","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. ISO 11140\u20131: Sterilization of health care products \u2014 Chemical indicators \u2014 Part 1: General requirements. Geneva: Switzerland; 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"4063_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2009.08.038","volume":"79","author":"O Mrad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mrad O, et al. A comparison of plasma and electron beam-sterilization of PU catheters. Radiat Phys Chem. 2010;79(1):93\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2009.08.038.","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"4063_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md20070437","author":"S Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu S, Yang L, Chen J. Preparation and characterization of Tilapia collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane composite nanofiber membranes. Mar Drugs. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md20070437.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"4063_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13040627","author":"M Naddeo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naddeo M, Sorrentino A, Pappalardo D. Thermo-rheological and shape memory properties of block and random copolymers of lactide and \u03b5-caprolactone. Polymers. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym13040627.","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"4063_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendibil X, Ortiz R, S\u00e1enz de Viteri V, Ugartemendia JM, Sarasua JR, Quintana I. \u2018High throughput manufacturing of bio-resorbable micro-porous scaffolds made of poly(l-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone) by micro-extrusion for soft tissue engineering applications\u2019. Polymers. 2020;12(1).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym12010034.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12010034"},{"issue":"5","key":"4063_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050284","volume":"101","author":"S Fuchs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fuchs S, Schmidt T, Haftka S, Jerosch J. [Changes in crystallinity by sterilization and processing of ultrahigh molecular polyethylene used in endoprosthetics].\u2019. Unfallchirurg. 1998;101(5):382\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001130050284.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"4063_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.12.015","volume":"57","author":"YJ Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan YJ, Yeong WY, Tan X, An J, Chian KS, Leong KF. Characterization, mechanical behavior and in vitro evaluation of a melt-drawn scaffold for esophageal tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2016;57:246\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.12.015.","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"21","key":"4063_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(97)00083-5","volume":"18","author":"SJ McCarthy","year":"1997","unstructured":"McCarthy SJ, et al. In-vivo degradation of polyurethanes: transmission-FTIR microscopic characterization of polyurethanes sectioned by cryomicrotomy. Biomaterials. 1997;18(21):1387\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0142-9612(97)00083-5.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"4063_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2017-0033","volume":"35","author":"A Marcano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marcano A, Fatyeyeva K, Koun M, Dubuis P, Grimme M, Marais S. Recent developments in the field of barrier and permeability properties of segmented polyurethane elastomers. Rev Chem Eng. 2019;35(4):445\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revce-2017-0033.","journal-title":"Rev Chem Eng"},{"key":"4063_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14020070","author":"VS Chernonosova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chernonosova VS, et al. Effect of sterilization methods on electrospun scaffolds produced from blend of polyurethane with gelatin. J Funct Biomater. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb14020070.","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"issue":"7","key":"4063_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW. NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods. 2012;9(7):671\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2089.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"4063_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1021\/la4049067","volume":"30","author":"D Murakami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murakami D, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Wetting transition from the Cassie-Baxter state to the Wenzel state on textured polymer surfaces. Langmuir. 2014;30(8):2061\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la4049067.","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"4063_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szewczyk PK, et al. Roughness and fiber fraction dominated wetting of electrospun fiber-based porous meshes. Polymers. 2019;11(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym11010034.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11010034"},{"issue":"3","key":"4063_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4636(19980605)40:3\/3C378::aid-jbm6\/3E3.0.co;2-c","volume":"40","author":"M Goldman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldman M, Pruitt L. Comparison of the effects of gamma radiation and low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization on the molecular structure, fatigue resistance, and wear behavior of UHMWPE. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;40(3):378\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-4636(19980605)40:3\/3C378::aid-jbm6\/3E3.0.co;2-c.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"4063_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.03.008","volume":"12","author":"J Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez J, Etxeberria A, Ugartemendia JM, Petisco S, Sarasua J-R. Effects of chain microstructures on mechanical behavior and aging of a poly(L-lactide-co-\u03b5-caprolactone) biomedical thermoplastic-elastomer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012;12:29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.03.008.","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"4063_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/s0142-9612(00)00136-8","volume":"22","author":"CE Holy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holy CE, Cheng C, Davies JE, Shoichet MS. Optimizing the sterilization of PLGA scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2001;22(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0142-9612(00)00136-8.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04063-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04063-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04063-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:54:05Z","timestamp":1778867645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04063-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04063-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0724-8741","1573-904X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0724-8741","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-904X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interest"}}]}}