{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:56:35Z","timestamp":1781538995357,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharm Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-026-04097-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:43:57Z","timestamp":1776977037000},"page":"1665-1674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nano-DSF Technology as a Preliminary Decision-Making Tool for Long Term Stability Evaluation of Covid-19 Vaccine Antigens"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Misra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhant","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjit","family":"Haer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Kirkitadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemek","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053230X15024619","volume":"72","author":"C Marc","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marc C. Deller LK, Bernhard Ruppc. Protein stability: a crystallographer\u2019s perspective. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2016;72:72\u201395.","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"4097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2013.871032","volume":"20","author":"P Garidel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garidel P, Blume A, Wagner M. Prediction of colloidal stability of high concentration protein formulations. Pharm Dev Technol. 2015;20(3):367\u201374.","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2684","volume":"24","author":"W Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang W. Advanced protein formulations. Protein Sci. 2015;24(7):1031\u20139.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.0235703","volume":"12","author":"EY Chi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chi EY, Krishnan S, Kendrick BS, Chang BS, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW. Roles of conformational stability and colloidal stability in the aggregation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Protein Sci. 2003;12(5):903\u201313.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"4097_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4155\/pbp.14.27","volume":"2","author":"MHJ Kirkitadze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirkitadze MHJ, Tang M, Carpick B. Qualification of a differential scanning calorimetry method for biophysical characterization of monoclonal antibodies and protein vaccine antigens. Pharm Bioprocess. 2014;2:491\u20138.","journal-title":"Pharm Bioprocess"},{"key":"4097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim B. Durowoju KSB, Jian Hu, Bruce Carpick, Marina Kirkitadze Differential Scanning Calorimetry \u2014 A Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability and Conformation of Protein Antigen J Vis Exp. 2017;121:55262.","DOI":"10.3791\/55262-v"},{"issue":"12","key":"4097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23746","volume":"102","author":"JCR Zhou Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou Yu JCR. Yan-Ping Yang Utilizing Dynamic Light Scattering as a Process Analytical Technology for Protein Folding and Aggregation Monitoring in Vaccine Manufacturing. J Pharm Sci. 2013;102(12):4284\u201390.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"4097_CR8","volume":"593","author":"HL Jie Wen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jie Wen HL. Nicholas Knutson, Mats Wikstrom. Nano differential scanning fluorimetry for comparability studies of therapeutic proteins Analytical Biochemistry. 2020;593:113581.","journal-title":"Nano differential scanning fluorimetry for comparability studies of therapeutic proteins Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"4097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14696","volume":"286","author":"O Anders","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anders O, Magnusson AS. Henk-Jan Joosten, James Finnigan, Simon Charnock, Wolf-Dieter Fessnercorresponding nanoDSF as screening tool for enzyme libraries and biotechnology development. FEBS J. 2019;286:184\u2013204.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"4097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soo Hyun Kim HJY, Eun Ji Park , Dong Hee Na Nano Differential Scanning Fluorimetry-Based Thermal Stability Screening and Optimal Buffer Selection for Immunoglobulin G Pharmaceuticals (Basel)2021;15(1):29.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15010029"},{"key":"4097_CR11","first-page":"2017","volume":"19","author":"KKM Kalbfleisch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalbfleisch KKM. NanoDSF \u2013 A lean technology to test thermal stability of vaccines. BioPharma Asia. 2017December;19:2017.","journal-title":"BioPharma Asia"},{"key":"4097_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.05.048","volume":"157","author":"SMW Deshmukh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deshmukh SMW, Kalbfleisch K, Carpick B, Kirkitadze MD. Characterization of TB vaccine components and study of structural changes of H4 antigen upon adjuvantation with IC31\u00ae. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;157:235\u201343.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"4097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.11.006","volume":"17","author":"KDS Kalbfleisch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kalbfleisch KDS, Mei C, Ore M, Williams W, Durowoju I, Duprez J, et al. Identity, structure, and compositional analysis of adjuvanted vaccines. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2019;17:14\u201320.","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"4097_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2020.12.023","volume":"19","author":"J Duprez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duprez J, Kalbfleisch K, Deshmukh S, Payne J, Haer M, Williams W, et al. Structure and compositional analysis of aluminum oxyhydroxide adsorbed pertussis vaccine. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2021;19:439\u201347.","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00433","volume":"8","author":"R Mehra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehra R, Kepp KP. Structure and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: a focused overview. ACS Infect Dis. 2022;8(1):29\u201358.","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"4097_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shawn M. Costello SRS, Helen T. Hobbs, Annalee W. Nguyen, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Jennifer A. Maynard, Jason S. McLellan, John E. Pak & Susan Marqusee. The SARS-CoV-2 spike reversibly samples an open-trimer conformation exposing novel epitopes. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 2022;29:229\u201338.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-022-00735-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"4097_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.11.012","volume":"114","author":"MdV Oliveira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oliveira MdV, Contessoto GV, Silva BdF, Caetano ZDL, Carvalho JdS, Leite PVB. Effects of pH and salt concentration on stability of a protein G variant using coarse-grained models. Biophys J. 2018;114(1):65\u201375.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"12","key":"4097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22786","volume":"78","author":"K Talley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Talley K, Alexov E. On the ph-optimum of activity and stability of proteins. Proteins. 2010;78(12):2699\u2013706.","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"issue":"13","key":"4097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.06.011","volume":"63","author":"S Ohtake","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohtake S, Kita Y, Arakawa T. Interactions of formulation excipients with proteins in solution and in the dried state. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011;63(13):1053\u201373.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04097-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04097-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04097-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:30:44Z","timestamp":1781537444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04097-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-026-04097-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0724-8741","1573-904X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0724-8741","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-904X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Rahul Misra, Manjit Haer, Jian Hu, and Przemek Kowal are Sanofi employees and may hold shares and\/or stock options in the company. Marina Kirkitadze declares no competing interests. The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}