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The encapsulation of this drug in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can offer a useful strategy to protect it from degradation. The present study shows the potential of membrane nanoprecipitation (MN) as a productive and advantageous method for the formulation of cocoa butter-based SLNs to improve the photostability of DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional batch nanoprecipitation and MN were explored by varying the formulation parameters and process conditions to obtain SLNs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MN produced SLNs with an average size of 421\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0nm, a high encapsulation efficiency of 95\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2%, and a drug loading of 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2%, when an acetate buffer at pH 4.1 was used as the non-solvent phase. Chemical characterization of the proposed formulation was performed by DSC and FTIR analyses. The efficacy of SLNs in preserving DS stability was investigated under simulated sunlight exposure, demonstrating a residual drug concentration of 90% after 3.34\u00a0min with respect to the aqueous solution that showed the same concentration value after 0.072\u00a0min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, MN represents a suitable and sustainable process for the continuous production of light-stable drug-loaded SLNs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-026-04139-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:10:37Z","timestamp":1781881837000},"page":"2843-2859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Innovative Production of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Membrane Nanoprecipitation: Evaluation of Encapsulation Efficiency and Photoprotection Ability"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bazzarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3910-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Ioele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Chieffallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidietta","family":"Giorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Fuoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4139_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.235156","volume":"13","author":"P Ghasemiyeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. 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