{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T14:10:07Z","timestamp":1744121407855,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HS025164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HS025164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-021-01360-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1638435752000},"page":"428-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of opioid fills with centers for disease control and prevention opioid guidelines and payer coverage policies: physician, insurance and geographic factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeniyi T.","family":"Togun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinar Karaca","family":"Mandic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly Moore","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Beebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1360_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Underlying Cause of Death, 1999\u20132017 Request. https:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/controller\/saved\/D76\/D15F907. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Statistics Rapid Release: Provisional Drug Overdose Data. Published September 8, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2013\u20132017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2019;67(51\u201352):1419.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm675152e1"},{"key":"1360_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm Accessed 23 Oct 2021."},{"key":"1360_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baumgartner JC., Radley DC. \u201cThe Drug Overdose Mortality Toll in 2020 and Near-Term Actions for Addressing It,\u201d To the Point (blog), July 15, 2021, updated Aug. 16, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26099\/gb4y-r129. Accessed 23 Oct 2021.","DOI":"10.26099\/gb4y-r129"},{"key":"1360_CR7","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. What is the U.S. Opioid Epidemic? HHS.gov. Published December 4, 2017. Accessed October 29, 2020. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/about-the-epidemic\/index.html. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6712a1","volume":"67","author":"P Seth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seth P. Overdose deaths involving opioids, cocaine, and psychostimulants \u2014 United States, 2015\u20132016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:349\u201358.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"1360_CR9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Why Guidelines for Primary Care Providers? https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/pdf\/guideline_infographic-a.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR10","unstructured":"Gifford A, Quach C. Prescription of Opioid Medications in VA Outpatient Care. https:\/\/www.hsrd.research.va.gov\/meetings\/2001\/HSRD2001AMab126.htm. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12247","volume":"15","author":"CA Porucznik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Porucznik CA, Johnson EM, Rolfs RT, et al. Specialty of prescribers associated with prescription opioid fatalities in Utah, 2002\u20132010. Pain Med Malden Mass. 2014;15(1):73\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pme.12247.","journal-title":"Pain Med Malden Mass"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"65","author":"D Dowell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain - United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep. 2016;65(1):1\u201349.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.10.008","volume":"6","author":"PB Bishop","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bishop PB, Wing PC. Knowledge transfer in family physicians managing patients with acute low back pain: a prospective randomized control trial. Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc. 2006;6(3):282\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.10.008.","journal-title":"Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1360_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-200104000-00004","volume":"24","author":"P Dooks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dooks P. Diffusion of pain management research into nursing practice. Cancer Nurs. 2001;24(2):99\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002820-200104000-00004.","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"key":"1360_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-016-0355-7","author":"G Formoso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Formoso G, Rizzini P, Bassi M, et al. Knowledge transfer: What drug information would specialist doctors need to support their clinical practice? Results of a survey and of three focus groups in Italy. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-016-0355-7.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"S6","key":"1360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05947.x","volume":"180","author":"RW Sanson-Fisher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanson-Fisher RW. Diffusion of innovation theory for clinical change. Med J Aust. 2004;180(S6):S55\u20136.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"10","key":"1360_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2021.27.10.1352","volume":"27","author":"AT Togun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Togun AT, Karaca-Mandic P, Wurtz R, Jeffrey M, Beebe T. Association of 3 CDC opioid prescription guidelines for chronic pain and 2 payer pharmacy coverage changes on opioid initiation practices. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27(10):1352\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2021.27.10.1352.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"12","key":"1360_CR18","first-page":"e462","volume":"17","author":"GF Joyce","year":"2011","unstructured":"Joyce GF, Carrera MP, Goldman DP, et al. Physician prescribing behavior and its impact on patient-level outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2011;17(12):e462\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-857x(05)70281-7","volume":"22","author":"DG Borenstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Borenstein DG. Chronic low back pain. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1996;22(3):439\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-857x(05)70281-7.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"1360_CR20","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare & You. The Official U.S. Government Medicare Handbook. Published 2021. https:\/\/www.medicare.gov\/Pubs\/pdf\/10050-medicare-and-you.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct 2021."},{"key":"1360_CR21","unstructured":"Tikkanen R, Osborn R, Mossialos E, et al. International health care system profiles United States. Published June 5, 2020. https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/international-health-policy-center\/countries\/united-states Accessed 27 Oct 21."},{"key":"1360_CR22","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opioid Overdoses Policy Brief. Published October 19, 2018. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ruralhealth\/drug-overdose\/policybrief.html. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR23","unstructured":"Hedegaard H, Mini\u00f1o AM, Warner M. Urban\u2013rural Differences in Drug Overdose Death Rates, by Sex, Age, and Type of Drugs Involved, 2017. NCHS data brief. 2019;(345):1\u20138."},{"key":"1360_CR24","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. https:\/\/Stacks.Cdc.Gov\/View\/Cdc\/38277\/Cdc_38277_DS1.Pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR25","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Calculating Total Daily Dose of Opioids for Safer Dosage. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/pdf\/calculating_total_daily_dose-a.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"1360_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1243","volume":"169","author":"ASB Bohnert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bohnert ASB, Guy GP, Losby JL. Opioid prescribing in the united states before and after the centers for disease control and prevention\u2019s 2016 opioid guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(6):367\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-1243.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1360_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e198325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8325","volume":"2","author":"MM Jeffery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeffery MM, Hooten WM, Jena AB, et al. Rates of physician coprescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines after the release of the centers for disease control and prevention guidelines in 2016. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e198325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8325.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1360_CR28","unstructured":"United Healthcare. New strategies for fighting opioid misuse. https:\/\/www.uhc.com\/employer\/news\/consultant\/new-strategies-for-fighting-opioid-misuse. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR29","unstructured":"OptumLabs. OptumLabs and OptumLabs Data Warehouse (OLDW) Descriptions and Citation. 2019; OptumLabs Eden Prairie, MN"},{"issue":"4","key":"1360_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26390","volume":"123","author":"F Grass","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grass F, Merchea A, Mathis KL, et al. Cost drivers of locally advanced rectal cancer treatment\u2014an analysis of a leading healthcare insurer. J Surg Oncol. 2021;123(4):1023\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.26390.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1360_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(01)00349-9","volume":"94","author":"JT Farrar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farrar JT, Young JP, LaMoreaux L, et al. Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain. 2001;94(2):149\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3959(01)00349-9.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"1360_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000160","volume":"156","author":"R-D Treede","year":"2015","unstructured":"Treede R-D, Rief W, Barke A, et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain. 2015;156(6):1003\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000160.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001365","volume":"160","author":"J Scholz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scholz J, Finnerup NB, Attal N, et al. The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain. Pain. 2019;160(1):53\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001365.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1360_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.002","volume":"173","author":"DA Tompkins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tompkins DA, Hobelmann JG, Compton P. Providing chronic pain management in the \u201cfifth vital sign\u201d Era: historical and treatment perspectives on a modern-day medical dilemma. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;173(Suppl 1):S11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.002.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"1360_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005","volume":"42","author":"SL Stein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stein SL. Chronic pelvic pain. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2013;42(4):785\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet123","volume":"111","author":"O van Hecke","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Hecke O, Torrance N, Smith BH. Chronic pain epidemiology and its clinical relevance. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):13\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aet123.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.01.004","volume":"15","author":"RB Fillingim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fillingim RB, Bruehl S, Dworkin RH, et al. The ACTTION-American pain society pain taxonomy (AAPT): an evidence-based and multidimensional approach to classifying chronic pain conditions. J Pain Off J Am Pain Soc. 2014;15(3):241\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.01.004.","journal-title":"J Pain Off J Am Pain Soc"},{"key":"1360_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2014_315","volume":"20","author":"ES Schwartz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwartz ES, Gebhart GF. Visceral pain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2014;20:171\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2014_315.","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"3A","key":"1360_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(84)80102-3","volume":"77","author":"RG Addison","year":"1984","unstructured":"Addison RG. Chronic pain syndrome. Am J Med. 1984;77(3A):54\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9343(84)80102-3.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1360_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr271","volume":"135","author":"D Borsook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borsook D. Neurological diseases and pain. Brain. 2012;135(2):320\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awr271.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"1360_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009","volume":"10","author":"H Breivik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, et al. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain Lond Engl. 2006;10(4):287\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"issue":"6","key":"1360_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.156","volume":"50","author":"TN Bryce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bryce TN, Biering-S\u00f8rensen F, Finnerup NB, et al. International spinal cord injury pain classification: part I Background description. Spinal Cord. 2012;50(6):413\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2011.156.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1360_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.2","volume":"50","author":"TN Bryce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bryce TN, Biering-S\u00f8rensen F, Finnerup NB, et al. International spinal cord injury pain (ISCIP) classification: part 2. Initial Valid Vignettes Spinal Cord. 2012;50(6):404\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2012.2.","journal-title":"Initial Valid Vignettes Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"90004","key":"1360_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.suppl_4.iv56","volume":"47","author":"F Cervero","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cervero F. Visceral pain\u2013-central sensitisation. Gut. 2000;47(90004):56\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.47.suppl_4.iv56.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.015","volume":"123","author":"L Diatchenko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diatchenko L, Nackley AG, Slade GD, et al. Idiopathic pain disorders\u2013pathways of vulnerability. Pain. 2006;123(3):226\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.015.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi013","volume":"14","author":"L Diatchenko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Diatchenko L, Slade GD, Nackley AG, et al. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Hum Mol Genet. 2005;14(1):135\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddi013.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1360_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00282.x","volume":"17","author":"NB Finnerup","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finnerup NB, Scholz J, Attal N, et al. Neuropathic pain needs systematic classification. Eur J Pain Lond Engl. 2013;17(7):953\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00282.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"key":"1360_CR48","unstructured":"Fishman S, Ballantyne J, Rathmell JP. Bonica\u2019s Management of pain. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010."},{"issue":"9","key":"1360_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34466","volume":"64","author":"T Graven-Nielsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graven-Nielsen T, Wodehouse T, Langford RM, et al. Normalization of widespread hyperesthesia and facilitated spatial summation of deep-tissue pain in knee osteoarthritis patients after knee replacement. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(9):2907\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.34466.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"1360_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030","volume":"150","author":"RN Harden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harden RN, Bruehl S, Perez RSGM, et al. Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the \u201cBudapest Criteria\u201d) for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain. 2010;150(2):268\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1360_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423614000140","volume":"16","author":"OR Hart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hart OR, Uden RM, McMullan JE, et al. A study of national health service management of chronic osteoarthritis and low back pain. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2015;16(2):157\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423614000140.","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"issue":"10","key":"1360_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.017","volume":"152","author":"TS Jensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jensen TS, Baron R, Haanp\u00e4\u00e4 M, et al. A new definition of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2011;152(10):2204\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.017.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"15","key":"1360_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259085.61898.9e","volume":"68","author":"MP Jensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jensen MP, Chodroff MJ, Dworkin RH. The impact of neuropathic pain on health-related quality of life: review and implications. Neurology. 2007;68(15):1178\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259085.61898.9e.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.011","volume":"141","author":"CH Knowles","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knowles CH, Aziz Q. Basic and clinical aspects of gastrointestinal pain. Pain. 2009;141(3):191\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.011.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2000.0175","volume":"4","author":"E Kosek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kosek E, Ordeberg G. Abnormalities of somatosensory perception in patients with painful osteoarthritis normalize following successful treatment. Eur J Pain Lond Engl. 2000;4(3):229\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/eujp.2000.0175.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.78458","volume":"17","author":"SP Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar SP, Saha S. Mechanism-based classification of pain for physical therapy management in palliative care: a clinical commentary. Indian J Palliat Care. 2011;17(1):80\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0973-1075.78458.","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1360_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(03)00065-4","volume":"103","author":"P Sandroni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sandroni P, Benrud-Larson LM, McClelland RL, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted county, a population-based study. Pain. 2003;103(1\u20132):199\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3959(03)00065-4.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738114528468","volume":"6","author":"RF Juyia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juyia RF, Kerr HA. Return to play after liver and spleen trauma. Sports Health. 2014;6(3):239\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738114528468.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"1360_CR59","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC File of National Drug Codes for Selected Benzodiazepines, Muscle Relaxants, Stimulants, Opioid analgesics, and Linked Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalent Conversion Factors for Opioids, 2019 Version. Available upon request at https:\/\/centersfordiseasecontrol.sharefile.com\/Authentication\/Login. Accessed 2 Dec 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR60","unstructured":"NIH US National Library of Medicine. Benzodiazepines Drug Class. https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/search.cfm?query=Benzodiazepines&searchdb=class&labeltype=all&sortby=rel&audience=professional&page=1&pagesize=200. Accessed 23 Nov 2020."},{"issue":"11","key":"1360_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","volume":"43","author":"H Quan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, et al. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care. 2005;43(11):1130\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"1360_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.00116","volume":"38","author":"DC Goodman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goodman DC, Mick SS, Bott D, et al. Primary care service areas: a new tool for the evaluation of primary care services. Health Serv Res. 2003;38(1 Pt 1):287\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.00116.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1360_CR63","first-page":"15","volume-title":"The Dartmouth atlas of health care","author":"JE Wennberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wennberg JE, Cooper MM. The Dartmouth atlas of health care. The Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences: Dartmouth Medical School, American Hospital Publishing; 1996. pp. 15\u201320."},{"key":"1360_CR64","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture. Documentation: 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Codes. Published 2012. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes\/documentation\/. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-007-9077-3","volume":"43","author":"O Hellevik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hellevik O. Linear versus logistic regression when the dependent variable is a dichotomy. Qual Quant. 2009;43(1):59\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-007-9077-3.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"1360_CR66","unstructured":"Long JS, Long JS. Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Sage; 1997 Jan 9."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"1360_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01314.x","volume":"47","author":"P Karaca-Mandic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karaca-Mandic P, Norton EC, Dowd B. Interaction terms in nonlinear models. Health Serv Res. 2012;47(1 Pt 1):255\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2011.01314.x.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1360_CR68","unstructured":"DbVisualizer. The Universal Database Tool For Developers, Analysts and DBAs. https:\/\/www.dbvis.com\/. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR69","unstructured":"Stata. Stata 14. https:\/\/www.stata.com\/stata14\/. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"key":"1360_CR70","unstructured":"Ketcham M, Sexton G, Sparkman S et al. Medicare Part D Opioid Overutilization Strategies for 2019: Implementation of CARA and Other Policy Guidance. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Prescription-Drug-Coverage\/PrescriptionDrugCovContra\/Downloads\/Medicare-Part-D-Spring-Conference-2018-CARA_Opioid-Conference-2018-CARA_Opioid-Presentation.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"1360_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.11.007","volume":"16","author":"Y Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang Y, Turner B. Assessing risk for drug overdose in a national cohort: role for both daily and total opioid dose? J Pain. 2015;16(4):318\u201325.","journal-title":"J Pain"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-021-01360-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11096-021-01360-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-021-01360-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T13:31:58Z","timestamp":1744119118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11096-021-01360-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-021-01360-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-7703","2210-7711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2210-7703"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2210-7711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"There are no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}