{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T15:00:10Z","timestamp":1763564410871,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004252","name":"Qatar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a novel class of oral antidiabetic drugs (ADDs). Studies evaluating the appropriateness of SGLT2is prescribing, and the factors associated with their initiation in the Middle East region are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of prescribing SGLT2is based on indication, dosing, and contraindication and determine the factors associated with their initial prescribing.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 650 patients newly prescribed SGLT2is (n\u2009=\u2009400) and\/or any other oral ADDs (n\u2009=\u2009250) during 2020 were included. Data were extracted from an electronic medical record system. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to investigate factors associated with prescribing SGLT2is.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SGLT2is were prescribed for appropriate indication in 400 patients (100%), while inappropriately prescribed in relation to contraindication and dosing in 14 patients (3.5%). Male patients were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2is (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02\u20132.82). Patients with a baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) above 7% and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2is (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.84\u20135.64) and (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.05\u20134.52), respectively. Patients receiving metformin (OR, 7.56; 95% CI, 4.46\u201312.80), sulfonylureas (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.16\u20134.56), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.00\u20135.87) were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2is.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SGLT2is were found to be typically prescribed for the appropriate indication. Among the most important factors associated with prescribing SGLT2is are having uncontrolled HbA1c, history of ASCVD, and using other ADDs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-024-01828-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T13:00:34Z","timestamp":1732194034000},"page":"314-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating the appropriateness and the factors associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors prescribing in a Middle Eastern country: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nancy","family":"Zaghloul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Awaisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumaya","family":"Alyafei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1594-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem","family":"Elewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1828_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","volume":"183","author":"H Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183: 109119.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1828_CR2","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes around the world in 2021. https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/. Accessed 07 Apr 2023."},{"issue":"8","key":"1828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","volume":"145","author":"CW Tsao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153-639.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1828_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report. 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/data\/statistics-report\/index.html. Accessed 07 Apr 2023."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1828_CR5","first-page":"S1","volume":"46","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2023","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes\u20142023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S1-291.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1828_CR6","first-page":"S1","volume":"42","author":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(Suppl 1):S1-325.","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"1828_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.08.001","volume":"44","author":"L Lipscombe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lipscombe L, Butalia S, Dasgupta K, et al. Pharmacologic glycemic management of type 2 diabetes in adults: 2020 update. Can J Diabetes. 2020;44(7):575\u201391.","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4158\/CS-2019-0472","volume":"26","author":"AJ Garber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm 2020 executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(1):107\u201339.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1828_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0066","volume":"43","author":"JB Buse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. 2019 Update to: management of Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2020;43(2):487\u201393.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1828_CR10","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. NICE guideline. 2022. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng28. Accessed 07 Apr 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"1828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164114561992","volume":"12","author":"LA Gallo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gallo LA, Wright EM, Vallon V. Probing SGLT2 as a therapeutic target for diabetes: basic physiology and consequences. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2015;12(2):78\u201389.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1828_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2016.1174841","volume":"32","author":"M Alba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alba M, Xie J, Fung A, et al. The effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, on mineral metabolism and bone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(8):1375\u201385.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"6","key":"1828_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_159_17","volume":"22","author":"AG Unnikrishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Purandare V, et al. Genital infections with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: occurrence and management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(6):837\u201342.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"1828_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1380","volume":"38","author":"J Rosenstock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenstock J, Ferrannini E. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a predictable, detectable, and preventable safety concern with SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(9):1638\u201342.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.3034","volume":"178","author":"HY Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang HY, Singh S, Mansour O, et al. Association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and lower extremity amputation among patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(9):1190\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"1828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","volume":"373","author":"B Zinman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117\u201328.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","volume":"377","author":"B Neal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644\u201357.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","volume":"380","author":"SD Wiviott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347\u201357.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"1828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","volume":"380","author":"V Perkovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295\u2013306.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"1828_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","volume":"381","author":"JJV McMurray","year":"2019","unstructured":"McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995\u20132008.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004967","volume":"383","author":"CP Cannon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cannon CP, Pratley R, Dagogo-Jack S, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1425\u201335.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","volume":"383","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Stef\u00e1nsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1436\u201346.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","volume":"383","author":"M Packer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413\u201324.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"1828_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","volume":"385","author":"SD Anker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1451\u201361.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1828_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206286","volume":"387","author":"SD Solomon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Claggett B, et al. Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(12):1089\u201398.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1828_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233","volume":"388","author":"WG Herrington","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herrington WG, Staplin N, Wanner C, et al. Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(2):117\u201327.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1828_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01464-x","volume":"44","author":"N Zaghloul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zaghloul N, Awaisu A, Mahfouz A, et al. A 5-year trend in the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and other oral antidiabetic drugs in a Middle Eastern country. Int J Clin Pharm. 2022;44(6):1342\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"7","key":"1828_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0198004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198004","volume":"13","author":"D Heider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heider D, Matschinger H, Meid AD, et al. The impact of potentially inappropriate medication on the development of health care costs and its moderation by the number of prescribed substances. Results of a retrospective matched cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(7):e0198004.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"1828_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13607","volume":"84","author":"D Counter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Counter D, Millar JWT, McLay JS. Hospital readmissions, mortality and potentially inappropriate prescribing: a retrospective study of older adults discharged from hospital. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(8):1757\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1828_CR30","first-page":"795","volume":"28","author":"M Davari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davari M, Khorasani E, Tigabu BM. Factors influencing prescribing decisions of physicians: a review. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2018;28(6):795\u2013804.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1828_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200308000-00004","volume":"41","author":"R Tamblyn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tamblyn R, McLeod P, Hanley JA, et al. Physician and practice characteristics associated with the early utilization of new prescription drugs. Med Care. 2003;41(8):895\u2013908.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1828_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-56","volume":"12","author":"FJ Garj\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garj\u00f3n FJ, Azparren A, Vergara I, et al. Adoption of new drugs by physicians: a survival analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:56.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1828_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2022.0002","volume":"46","author":"JH Baek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baek JH, Yang Y, Ko S-H, et al. Real-world prescription patterns and barriers related to the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors among Korean Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(5):701\u201312.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1828_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-019-02751-9","volume":"75","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J, Park S, Kim H, et al. National trends in metformin-based combination therapy of oral hypoglycaemic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;75(12):1723\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1828_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.20213210S1733a","volume":"32","author":"M Zhuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhuo M, Li J, Mount DB, et al. Prescribing patterns of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32:733.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1828_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0213","volume":"21","author":"RG McCoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCoy RG, Dykhoff HJ, Sangaralingham L, et al. Adoption of new glucose-lowering medications in the U.S.-the case of SGLT2 inhibitors: nationwide cohort study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019;21(12):702\u201312.","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1828_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01316-4","volume":"20","author":"W Hinton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hinton W, Feher MD, Munro N, et al. Prescribing sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes in primary care: influence of renal function and heart failure diagnosis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):130.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1828_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2022.02.210360","volume":"35","author":"AS Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali AS, Khan M, Ortega D, et al. Prescription patterns of novel antihyperglycemic medications. J Am Board Fam Med. 2022;35(2):255\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"1828_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bermudez SR, Anderson JR, Ray G. 121-LB: Prescribing patterns of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with or without type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2022; 71(Supplement_1).","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-121-LB"},{"key":"1828_CR40","unstructured":"Hamad Medical Corporation. Safe, effective, compassionate care. https:\/\/www.hamad.qa\/EN\/About-Us\/find-out-more\/Documents\/HMC-Corporate-Brochure-English.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2023."},{"key":"1828_CR41","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FARXIGA\u00ae (dapagliflozin): prescribing information. 2020. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/202293s020lbl.pdf. Accessed 20 Sep 2022."},{"key":"1828_CR42","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim. JARDIANCE\u00ae: product monograph. 2020. https:\/\/pdf.hres.ca\/dpd_pm\/00055667.PDF. Accessed 20 Sep 2022."},{"key":"1828_CR43","unstructured":"Daniel WW. Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1999. ISBN 0-471-16386-4."},{"key":"1828_CR44","unstructured":"Naing L, Winn T, Nordin R. Pratical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Arch Orofac Sci. 2006;1."},{"issue":"1","key":"1828_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559702700108","volume":"27","author":"SB Macfarlane","year":"1997","unstructured":"Macfarlane SB. Conducting a descriptive survey: 2. Choosing a sampling strategy. Trop Doct. 1997;27(1):14\u201321.","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"1828_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. Third ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2013. ISBN: 978-0-470-58247-3.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"1828_CR47","unstructured":"Astrazeneca. FORXIGA\u00ae: product monograph. 2018. https:\/\/pdf.hres.ca\/dpd_pm\/00044526.PDF. Accessed 20 Sep 2022."},{"key":"1828_CR48","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. JARDIANCE\u00ae (empagliflozin): prescribing information. 2020. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/204629s023lbl.pdf. Accessed 20 Sep 2022."},{"key":"1828_CR49","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves Jardiance to reduce cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes. 2016. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-jardiance-reduce-cardiovascular-death-adults-type-2-diabetes. Accessed 29 Sep 2022."},{"issue":"8","key":"1828_CR50","first-page":"27","volume":"3","author":"RD Harrington","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harrington RD, Hooton TM. Urinary tract infection risk factors and gender. J Gend Specif Med. 2000;3(8):27\u201334.","journal-title":"J Gend Specif Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1828_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4158\/EP151126.CS","volume":"22","author":"AJ Garber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm 2016 executive summary. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(1):84\u2013113.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1828_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S008","volume":"41","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 8. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S73\u2013S85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc18-S008.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1828_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2016.09.003","volume":"40","author":"G Booth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Booth G, Lipscombe L, Butalia S, et al. Pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes: 2016 Interim update. Can J Diabetes. 2016;40(6):484\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"issue":"4s","key":"1828_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.06.019","volume":"98","author":"IH De Boer","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Boer IH, Caramori ML, Chan JCN, et al. KDIGO 2020 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2020;98(4s):S1-115.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1828_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S009","volume":"42","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2019","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jan;42(Suppl 1):S90\u2013S102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc19-S009.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1828_CR56","unstructured":"Newman TB, Browner WS, Cummings SR, et al. Designing cross-sectional and case-control studies. In: Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady DG, Newman TB, editors. Designing Clinical Research. Third ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 109-26. ISBN 0-7817-8210-4."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01828-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01828-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01828-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T20:41:46Z","timestamp":1742330506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01828-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01828-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-7703","2210-7711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2210-7703"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2210-7711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}