{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1790937908494,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004687","name":"Universidad de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Current treatment guidelines recommend combining androgen receptor axis-targeted therapies (ARATs) with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for mHSPC. While individual ARATs have shown success, few studies directly compare their effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the safety and clinical outcomes of abiraterone acetate (abiraterone) and apalutamide in chemotherapy-na\u00efve mHSPC patients, focusing on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics, safety, and survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, single-centre study included 107 chemotherapy-na\u00efve mHSPC patients treated with abiraterone or apalutamide plus ADT. PSA levels were measured at baseline and during treatment. Primary outcomes were PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS) and overall survival (OS). Adverse events were recorded. Inverse probability treatment weighting adjusted baseline differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median PSA-PFS significantly favoured apalutamide (log-rank\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). Achieving PSA\u2009\u2264\u20090.02 ng\/mL was strongly associated with delayed progression (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.02\u20130.28;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). OS did not differ significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.504). Apalutamide achieved lower median nadir PSA (0.02 ng\/mL vs. 0.23 ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and shorter mean time to nadir (4.5 vs. 7.2 months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), with more patients reaching ultralow PSA levels (\u2264\u20090.02 ng\/mL) during follow-up. Adverse events occurred more frequently with apalutamide (71.2% vs. 46.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015), with fatigue and rash being the most common.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apalutamide demonstrated deeper and more sustained PSA reductions, translating into delayed disease progression compared to abiraterone. Both treatments were generally well tolerated, though adverse events were more prevalent with apalutamide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-025-01920-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T08:40:59Z","timestamp":1746520859000},"page":"1701-1709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Real-world clinical outcomes of apalutamide versus abiraterone with androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Pons-Fuster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia Maria","family":"Gonzalez-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silverio","family":"Ros-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Sacramento","family":"D\u00edaz-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Espuny-Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1920_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.04.021191-206","volume":"84","author":"O Bergengren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, et al. 2022 update on prostate cancer epidemiology and risk factors\u2014a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2023;84(2):191\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.04.021191-206.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1920_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-019-0668-8","volume":"20","author":"AB Weiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiner AB, Nettey OS, Morgans AK. Management of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): an evolving treatment paradigm. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2019;20(9):69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11864-019-0668-8.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"1920_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051517-011947","volume":"70","author":"MY Teo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teo MY, Rathkopf DE, Kantoff P. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2019;70:479\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-med-051517-011947.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1920_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-020-00119-z","volume":"8","author":"K Ng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ng K, Smith S, Shamash J. Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): advances and treatment strategies in the first-line setting. Oncol Ther. 2020;8(2):209\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40487-020-00119-z.","journal-title":"Oncol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"1920_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14936","volume":"125","author":"IA Thangasamy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thangasamy IA, Kwan EM, Teh J, et al. Novel agents for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer\u2014a practice guide for urologists. BJU Int. 2020;125(3):342\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.14936.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1920_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30082-8","volume":"20","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Tran NP, Fein L, et al. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (LATITUDE): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(5):686\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30082-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1920_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03488","volume":"39","author":"KN Chi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chi KN, Chowdhury S, Bjartell A, et al. Apalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: final survival analysis of the randomized, double-blind, phase III TITAN study. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(20):2294\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.20.03488.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1920_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903307","volume":"381","author":"KN Chi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chi KN, Agarwal N, Bjartell A, et al. Apalutamide for metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(1):13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1903307.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1920_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704174","volume":"377","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Tran N, Fein L, et al. Abiraterone plus prednisone in metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):352\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1704174.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1920_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15498","volume":"31","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Nakane K, Takahara K, et al. Prognostic outcomes in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: comparative assessments between conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and ADT with novel androgen receptor signal inhibitor. Int J Urol. 2024;31(9):986\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.15498.","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1920_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24754","volume":"84","author":"M Wenzel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wenzel M, Hoeh B, Hurst F, et al. Impact of PSA nadir, PSA response and time to PSA nadir on overall survival in real-world setting of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients. Prostate. 2024;84(13):1189\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24754.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"5","key":"1920_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.02.009","volume":"34","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdhury S, Bjartell A, Agarwal N, et al. Deep, rapid, and durable prostate-specific antigen decline with apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy is associated with longer survival and improved clinical outcomes in TITAN patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(5):477\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.02.009.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1920_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.08.007","volume":"8","author":"M Wenzel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wenzel M, Cano Garcia C, Humke C, et al. Prostate-specific antigen nadir and cancer-control outcomes in real-world apalutamide-treated metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients: a single-center analysis. Eur Urol Oncol. 2025;8(2):364\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2024.08.007.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"1920_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324181","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1324181","volume":"14","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Jiang J, Yang G, et al. Comparative effectiveness of multiple androgen receptor signaling inhibitor medicines with androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a study in the real world. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1324181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1324181.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1920_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252.e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.03.013","volume":"41","author":"B Lowentritt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lowentritt B, Pilon D, Waters D, et al. Comparison of prostate-specific antigen response in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer initiated on apalutamide or abiraterone acetate: a retrospective cohort study. Urol Oncol. 2023;41(5):252.e19-252.e27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.03.013.","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1920_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2024.102140","volume":"22","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Shiraishi Y, Furukawa J, et al. Clinical outcomes and risk stratification in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with new-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2024;22(5): 102140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2024.102140.","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"1920_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.4487","volume":"26","author":"HI Scher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scher HI, Halabi S, Tannock I, et al. Design and end points of clinical trials for patients with progressive prostate cancer and castrate levels of testosterone: recommendations of the prostate cancer clinical trials working group. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(7):1148\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.4487.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1920_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpl013","volume":"15","author":"DE Ho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ho DE, Imai K, King G, et al. Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference. Polit Anal. 2007;15(3):199\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pan\/mpl013.","journal-title":"Polit Anal"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"1920_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.01.013","volume":"66","author":"EA Stuart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stuart EA, Lee BK, Leacy FP. Prognostic score-based balance measures can be a useful diagnostic for propensity score methods in comparative effectiveness research. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(8 Suppl):S84-S90.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.01.013.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"1920_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16449","volume":"134","author":"AS Merseburger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merseburger AS, Agarwal N, Bjartell A, et al. Targeted investigational treatment analysis of novel anti-androgen (TITAN) study: ultralow prostate-specific antigen decline with apalutamide plus androgen-deprivation therapy. BJU Int. 2024;134(6):982\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.16449.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"24","key":"1920_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21969","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6769","volume":"12","author":"JC S\u00e1nchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez JC, Picola N, Rodriguez-Vida A, et al. Apalutamide for prostate cancer: multicentre and multidisciplinary real-world study of 227 patients. Cancer Med. 2023;12(24):21969\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.6769.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1920_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.11.005","volume":"8","author":"M Santoni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santoni M, B\u00fcttner T, Rescigno P, et al. Apalutamide in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: results from the multicenter real-world ARON-3 study. Eur Urol Oncol. 2025;8(2):444\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2024.11.005.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1920_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2023.01.001","volume":"6","author":"B Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao B, Kim M, Reizine NM, et al. Adverse events and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review and multivariate network meta-analysis. Eur Urol Oncol. 2023;6(3):237\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2023.01.001.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01920-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01920-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01920-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:07:49Z","timestamp":1763554069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01920-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01920-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-7703","2210-7711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-7703","type":"print"},{"value":"2210-7711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}