{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:13:00Z","timestamp":1787163180872,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-025-01993-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T08:04:20Z","timestamp":1755936260000},"page":"1885-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Does direct oral anticoagulant lead-in dosing following initial parenteral therapy affect clinical outcomes in acute venous thromboembolism?: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyan","family":"Heybati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somanshu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryann","family":"Mirzakandov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Norville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harn J","family":"Shiue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1993_CR1","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General (US); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US). The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism. Rockville (MD): Office of the Surgeon General (US); 2008. PMID: 20669525"},{"key":"1993_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01578-w","volume":"45","author":"M Kemp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kemp M, Chan AHY, Harrison J, et al. Formal and informal venous thromboembolism risk assessment and impact on prescribing of thromboprophylaxis: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023;45:864.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1993_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e419S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301","volume":"141","author":"C Kearon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease. Chest. 2012;141:e419S-e496S.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1993_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-019-01878-x","volume":"48","author":"M Giustozzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giustozzi M, Franco L, Vedovati MC, et al. Safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus traditional anticoagulants in venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2019;48:439\u201353.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"1993_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302507","volume":"369","author":"G Agnelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:799\u2013808.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1993_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007903","volume":"363","author":"R Bauersachs","year":"2010","unstructured":"EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2499\u2013510.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1993_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-019-00928-x","volume":"41","author":"J Dotta-Celio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dotta-Celio J, Alatri A, Locatelli I, et al. Patient adherence to rivaroxaban in deep vein thrombosis, a cohort study in Switzerland: quantitative results. Int J Clin Pharm. 2019;41:1625\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1993_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-022-01386-8","volume":"44","author":"AM Fahmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fahmi AM, Elewa H, El Jilany I. Warfarin dosing strategies evolution and its progress in the era of precision medicine, a narrative review. Int J Clin Pharm. 2022;44:599.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1993_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001830","volume":"4","author":"TL Ortel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortel TL, Neumann I, Ageno W, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood Adv. 2020;4:4693\u2013738.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1993_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01589-7","volume":"45","author":"M Alberts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alberts M, Zhdanava M, Pilon D, et al. Venous thromboembolism recurrence among one-and-done direct oral anticoagulant users: a retrospective longitudinal study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023;45:952.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1993_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S392505","volume":"16","author":"GB Korayem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Korayem GB, Alshaya OA, Alnajjar N, et al. Real-world evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of apixaban and rivaroxaban lead-in dosing compared to parenteral lead-in dosing in the treatment of venous thromboembolism: A multi-center retrospective cohort study. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:129\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"1993_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01008-1","volume":"42","author":"P \u0160inigoj","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u0160inigoj P, Vene N, Ko\u0161melj K, et al. Risk of major bleeding in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation on direct oral anticoagulants: real world experience. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42:445\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1993_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01051-y","volume":"42","author":"N Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng N, Han X, Peng L, et al. Assessment of direct oral anticoagulants administered as potentially inappropriate medications to elderly inpatients. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42:871\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1993_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-022-02641-5","volume":"54","author":"M Williams","year":"2022","unstructured":"Williams M, Ahuja T, Raco V, et al. Real world prescribing practices of apixaban or rivaroxaban lead-in doses for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2022;54:219\u201329.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"1993_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010199","volume":"12","author":"OA Alshaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alshaya OA, Korayem GB, Al Yami MS, et al. Comparative effectiveness of apixaban and rivaroxaban lead-in dosing in VTE treatment: observational multicenter real-world study. J Clin Med. 2022;12:199.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1993_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2350","volume":"64","author":"SS Cho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho SS, Yin E, Dalton K. Evaluation of lead-in direct oral anticoagulant prescribing practices in newly diagnosed venous thromboembolism. J Clin Pharmacol. 2024;64:182\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1993_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900251313649","volume":"9","author":"L Jackson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jackson L, Gillion A, Marler J. Impact of apixaban lead-in therapy duration after parenteral anticoagulation on bleeding in patients treated for venous thromboembolism. J Pharm Pract. 2025;9: 3649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08971900251313649.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"1993_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21972","volume":"333","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Medical Association. World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human participants: ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. JAMA. 2024;333:71\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1993_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.045120","volume":"85","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:867\u201372.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1993_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13140","volume":"13","author":"S Kaatz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaatz S, Ahmad D, Spyropoulos AC, et al. Definition of clinically relevant non-major bleeding in studies of anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolic disease in non-surgical patients: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13:2119\u201326.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1993_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113572","volume":"366","author":"HR B\u00fcller","year":"2012","unstructured":"EINSTEIN-PE Investigators, B\u00fcller HR, Prins MH, et al. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1287\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1993_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00257-4","volume":"3","author":"W Ageno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ageno W, Mantovani LG, Haas S, et al. Safety and effectiveness of oral rivaroxaban versus standard anticoagulation for the treatment of symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (XALIA): an international, prospective, non-interventional study. Lancet Haematol. 2016;3:e12-21.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"1993_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/87551225251326436","volume":"41","author":"J Spencer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Spencer J, Buchanan T, Heacock S, et al. Comparing the safety and effectiveness of apixaban lead-in dosing strategies in hospitalized adults with venous thromboembolism. J Pharm Technol JPT Off Publ Assoc Pharm Tech. 2025;41:108\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/87551225251326436.","journal-title":"J Pharm Technol JPT Off Publ Assoc Pharm Tech"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01993-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01993-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01993-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:08:14Z","timestamp":1763554094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01993-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-025-01993-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-7703","2210-7711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-7703","type":"print"},{"value":"2210-7711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB #23-009176; 10\/11\/2023).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the institutional review.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}