{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:47:48Z","timestamp":1761518868729},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]],"date-time":"2008-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-008-0092-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,12]],"date-time":"2008-02-12T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1202839140000},"page":"143-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["GH\/GHRH axis in HIV lipodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Takara L.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Grinspoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"92_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller J, Carr A, Emery S et al (2003) HIV lipodystrophy: prevalence, severity and correlates of risk in Australia. HIV Med 4:293\u2013301. doi: 10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00159.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00159.x"},{"key":"92_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318158c0a6","volume":"46","author":"E Mutimura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mutimura E, Stewart A, Rheeder P, Crowther NJ (2007) Metabolic function and the prevalence of lipodystrophy in a population of HIV-infected African subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:451\u2013455","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"92_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadigan C, Miller K, Corcoran C, Anderson E, Basgoz N, Grinspoon S (1999) Fasting hyperinsulinemia and changes in regional body composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:1932\u20131937. doi: 10.1210\/jc.84.6.1932","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.6.1932"},{"key":"92_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadigan C, Corcoran C, Stanley T, Piecuch S, Klibanski A, Grinspoon S (2000) Fasting hyperinsulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: relationship to body composition, gonadal function, and protease inhibitor use. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:35\u201341. doi: 10.1210\/jc.85.1.35","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.1.35"},{"key":"92_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Corcoran C et al (2001) Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. Clin Infect Dis 32:130\u2013139. doi: 10.1086\/317541","DOI":"10.1086\/317541"},{"key":"92_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meininger G, Hadigan C, Laposata M et al (2002) Elevated concentrations of free fatty acids are associated with increased insulin response to standard glucose challenge in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with fat redistribution. Metabolism 51:260\u2013266. doi: 10.1053\/meta.2002.29999","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.29999"},{"key":"92_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutkia P, Meininger G, Canavan B, Breu J, Grinspoon S (2004) Metabolic regulation of growth hormone by free fatty acids, somatostatin, and ghrelin in HIV-lipodystrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E296\u2013E303. doi: 10.1152\/ajpendo.00335.2003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00335.2003"},{"key":"92_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolan SE, Hadigan C, Killilea KM et al (2005) Increased cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39:44\u201354. doi: 10.1097\/01.qai.0000159323.59250.83","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000159323.59250.83"},{"key":"92_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coll B, Parra S, Alonso-Villaverde C et al (2006) HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy have higher rates of carotid atherosclerosis: the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Cytokine 34:51\u201355. doi: 10.1016\/j.cyto.2006.03.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2006.03.013"},{"key":"92_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK (2007) Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2506\u20132512. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2006-2190","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2190"},{"issue":"2","key":"92_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.12.022","volume":"196","author":"MW Lorenz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lorenz MW, Stephan C, Harmjanz A et al (2008) Both long-term HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy are independent risk factors for early carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 196(2):720\u2013726","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"92_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, Sabin CA et al (2007) Class of antiretroviral drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 356:1723\u20131735. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa062744","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062744"},{"key":"92_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friis-Moller N, Sabin CA, Weber R et al (2003) Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 349:1993\u20132003. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa030218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218"},{"key":"92_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heijligenberg R, Sauerwein HP, Brabant G, Endert E, Hommes MJ, Romijn JA (1996) Circadian growth hormone secretion in asymptomatic human immune deficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:4028\u20134032. doi: 10.1210\/jc.81.11.4028","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.11.4028"},{"key":"92_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frost RA, Fuhrer J, Steigbigel R, Mariuz P, Lang CH, Gelato MC (1996) Wasting in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is associated with multiple defects in the serum insulin-like growth factor system. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 44:501\u2013514. doi: 10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.705526.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.705526.x"},{"key":"92_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Stanley T, Katznelson L, Klibanski A (1998) Effects of androgen administration on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis in men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:4251\u20134256. doi: 10.1210\/jc.83.12.4251","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.12.4251"},{"key":"92_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rietschel P, Hadigan C, Corcoran C et al (2001) Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:504\u2013510. doi: 10.1210\/jc.86.2.504","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.2.504"},{"key":"92_CR18","first-page":"E1108","volume":"272","author":"N Vahl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vahl N, Jorgensen JO, Skjaerbaek C, Veldhuis JD, Orskov H, Christiansen JS (1997) Abdominal adiposity rather than age and sex predicts mass and regularity of GH secretion in healthy adults. Am J Physiol 272:E1108\u2013E1116","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"92_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutkia P, Eaton K, You SM, Breu J, Grinspoon S (2006) Growth hormone secretion among HIV infected patients: effects of gender, race and fat distribution. AIDS 20:855\u2013862. doi: 10.1097\/01.aids.0000218549.85081.8f","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000218549.85081.8f"},{"key":"92_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutkia P, Canavan B, Breu J, Grinspoon S (2005) Growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing hormone-arginine testing in human immunodeficiency virus lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:32\u201338. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2004-1342","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1342"},{"key":"92_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410021162","volume":"36","author":"O Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen O, Haugaard SB, Hansen BR et al (2004) Different growth hormone sensitivity of target tissues and growth hormone response to glucose in HIV-infected patients with and without lipodystrophy. Scand J Infect Dis 36:832\u2013839","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"92_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veldhuis JD, Cosma M, Erickson D et al (2007) Tripartite control of growth hormone secretion in women during controlled estradiol repletion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2336\u20132345. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2007-0043","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0043"},{"key":"92_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veldhuis JD, Erickson D, Mielke K, Farhy LS, Keenan DM, Bowers CY (2005) Distinctive inhibitory mechanisms of age and relative visceral adiposity on growth hormone secretion in pre- and postmenopausal women studied under a hypogonadal clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:6006\u20136013. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2005-0854","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0854"},{"key":"92_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pijl H, Langendonk JG, Burggraaf J et al (2001) Altered neuroregulation of GH secretion in viscerally obese premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:5509\u20135515. doi: 10.1210\/jc.86.11.5509","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.11.5509"},{"key":"92_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clasey JL, Weltman A, Patrie J et al (2001) Abdominal visceral fat and fasting insulin are important predictors of 24-hour GH release independent of age, gender, and other physiological factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3845\u20133852. doi: 10.1210\/jc.86.8.3845","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.8.3845"},{"key":"92_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghigo E, Procopio M, Boffano GM et al (1992) Arginine potentiates but does not restore the blunted growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in obesity. Metabolism 41:560\u2013563. doi: 10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90220-5","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90220-5"},{"key":"92_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iranmanesh A, South S, Liem AY et al (1998) Unequal impact of age, percentage body fat, and serum testosterone concentrations on the somatotrophic, IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein responses to a three-day intravenous growth hormone-releasing hormone pulsatile infusion in men. Eur J Endocrinol 139:59\u201371. doi: 10.1530\/eje.0.1390059","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1390059"},{"key":"92_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E313","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00569.2001","volume":"284","author":"DE Flanagan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Flanagan DE, Evans ML, Monsod TP et al (2003) The influence of insulin on circulating ghrelin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284:E313\u2013E316","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"92_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000125716","volume":"53","author":"CV Alvarez","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alvarez CV, Mallo F, Burguera B, Cacicedo L, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF (1991) Evidence for a direct pituitary inhibition by free fatty acids of in vivo growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 53:185\u2013189","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"92_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez FR, Camina JP, Zugaza JL, Lage M, Casabiell X, Casanueva FF (1997) cis-FFA do not alter membrane depolarization but block Ca2+ influx and GH secretion in KCl-stimulated somatotroph cells. Suggestion for a direct cis-FFA perturbation of the Ca2+ channel opening. Biochim Biophys Acta 1329:269\u2013277. doi: 10.1016\/S0005-2736(97)00111-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(97)00111-9"},{"key":"92_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maccario M, Procopio M, Grottoli S et al (1996) Effects of acipimox, an antilipolytic drug, on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone alone or combined with arginine in obesity. Metabolism 45:342\u2013346. doi: 10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90288-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90288-7"},{"key":"92_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colao A, Di Somma C, Spiezia S et al (2006) The natural history of partial growth hormone deficiency in adults: a prospective study on the cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2191\u20132200. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2005-2566","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2566"},{"key":"92_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares DV, Spina LD, de Lima Oliveira Brasil RR et al (2005) Carotid artery intima-media thickness and lipid profile in adults with growth hormone deficiency after long-term growth hormone replacement. Metabolism 54:321\u2013329. doi: 10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.09.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.09.011"},{"key":"92_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colao A, Di Somma C, Filippella M et al (2004) Insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency determines increased intima-media thickness at common carotid arteries in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 61:360\u2013366. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02105.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02105.x"},{"key":"92_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansson JO, Fowelin J, Landin K, Lager I, Bengtsson BA (1995) Growth hormone-deficient adults are insulin-resistant. Metabolism 44:1126\u20131129. doi: 10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90004-7","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90004-7"},{"key":"92_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulow B, Hagmar L, Eskilsson J, Erfurth EM (2000) Hypopituitary females have a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:574\u2013584. doi: 10.1210\/jc.85.2.574","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.2.574"},{"key":"92_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen T, Bengtsson BA (1990) Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet 336:285\u2013288. doi: 10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91812-O","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91812-O"},{"key":"92_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco C, Brandberg J, Lonn L, Andersson B, Bengtsson BA, Johannsson G (2005) Growth hormone treatment reduces abdominal visceral fat in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity: a 12-month placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:1466\u20131474. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2004-1657","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1657"},{"key":"92_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johannsson G, Marin P, Lonn L et al (1997) Growth hormone treatment of abdominally obese men reduces abdominal fat mass, improves glucose and lipoprotein metabolism, and reduces diastolic blood pressure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:727\u2013734. doi: 10.1210\/jc.82.3.727","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.3.727"},{"key":"92_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spina LD, Soares DV, Brasil RR, Lobo PM, Lucia Conceicao F, Vaisman M (2004) Glucose metabolism and visceral fat in GH deficient adults: two years of GH-replacement. Pituitary 7:123\u2013129. doi: 10.1007\/s11102-005-5065-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-5065-6"},{"key":"92_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Watts GF, Hesp R, Sonksen PH (1993) Growth hormone treatment improves serum lipids and lipoproteins in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Metabolism 42:1519\u20131523. doi: 10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90145-E","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90145-E"},{"key":"92_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912283212605","volume":"321","author":"F Salomon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Hesp R, Sonksen PH (1989) The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. N Engl J Med 321:1797\u20131803","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"92_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00010","volume":"133","author":"G Sesmilo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sesmilo G, Biller BM, Llevadot J et al (2000) Effects of growth hormone administration on inflammatory and other cardiovascular risk markers in men with growth hormone deficiency. A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 133:111\u2013122","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"92_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCallum RW, Sainsbury CA, Spiers A et al (2005) Growth hormone replacement reduces C-reactive protein and large-artery stiffness but does not alter endothelial function in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 62:473\u2013479. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02245.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02245.x"},{"key":"92_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borson-Chazot F, Serusclat A, Kalfallah Y et al (1999) Decrease in carotid intima-media thickness after one year growth hormone (GH) treatment in adults with GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:1329\u20131333. doi: 10.1210\/jc.84.4.1329","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.4.1329"},{"key":"92_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cenci MC, Conceicao FL, Soares DV et al (2008) Impact of 5 years of growth hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in growth hormone-deficient adults. Metabolism 57:121\u2013129. doi: 10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.08.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.08.015"},{"key":"92_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Hellerstein MK, Neese RA, Schambelan M (1993) Anabolic effects of recombinant human growth hormone in patients with wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:956\u2013962. doi: 10.1210\/jc.77.4.956","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.4.956"},{"key":"92_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00002","volume":"125","author":"M Schambelan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schambelan M, Mulligan K, Grunfeld C et al (1996) Recombinant human growth hormone in patients with HIV-associated wasting. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Serostim Study Group. Ann Intern Med 125:873\u2013882","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"92_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119747","volume":"100","author":"MA McNurlan","year":"1997","unstructured":"McNurlan MA, Garlick PJ, Steigbigel RT et al (1997) Responsiveness of muscle protein synthesis to growth hormone administration in HIV-infected individuals declines with severity of disease. J Clin Invest 100:2125\u20132132","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"92_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulligan K, Tai VW, Schambelan M (1998) Effects of chronic growth hormone treatment on energy intake and resting energy metabolism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting \u2013 a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1542\u20131547. doi: 10.1210\/jc.83.5.1542","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.5.1542"},{"key":"92_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cominelli S, Raguso CA, Karsegard L et al (2002) Weight-losing HIV-infected patients on recombinant human growth hormone for 12 wk: a national study. Nutrition 18:583\u2013586. doi: 10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00760-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00760-8"},{"key":"92_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyle GJ, Daar ES, Gertner JM et al (2004) Growth hormone improves lean body mass, physical performance, and quality of life in subjects with HIV-associated weight loss or wasting on highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35:367\u2013375. doi: 10.1097\/00126334-200404010-00006","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200404010-00006"},{"key":"92_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esposito JG, Thomas SG, Kingdon L, Ezzat S (2005) Anabolic growth hormone action improves submaximal measures of physical performance in patients with HIV-associated wasting. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289:E494\u2013E503. doi: 10.1152\/ajpendo.00013.2005","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00013.2005"},{"key":"92_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paton NI, Newton PJ, Sharpstone DR et al (1999) Short-term growth hormone administration at the time of opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients. AIDS 13:1195\u20131202. doi: 10.1097\/00002030-199907090-00007","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907090-00007"},{"key":"92_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanke C, Gerrior J, Kantaros J, Coakley E, Albrecht M (1999) Recombinant human growth hormone improves the fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy) in patients with HIV. AIDS 13:2099\u20132103. doi: 10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00013","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00013"},{"key":"92_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA et al (2001) The effects of recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and glucose metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3480\u20133487. doi: 10.1210\/jc.86.8.3480","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.8.3480"},{"key":"92_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200208010-00002","volume":"30","author":"ES Engelson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Engelson ES, Glesby MJ, Mendez D et al (2002) Effect of recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of visceral fat accumulation in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30:379\u2013391","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"92_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Grunfeld C et al (2004) Effects of growth hormone on abnormal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35:239\u2013252. doi: 10.1097\/00126334-200403010-00004","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200403010-00004"},{"key":"92_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Grunfeld C et al (2006) Effects of growth hormone on visceral adipose tissue and dyslipidemia in HIV, an erratum. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 43:378\u2013380. doi: 10.1097\/01.qai.0000243108.26136.66","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000243108.26136.66"},{"key":"92_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA et al (2004) The effects of low-dose growth hormone in HIV-infected men with fat accumulation: a pilot study. Clin Infect Dis 39:732\u2013735. doi: 10.1086\/422725","DOI":"10.1086\/422725"},{"key":"92_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzi L, Meneghini E, Oggionni S, Tambussi G, Piceni-Sereni L, Lazzarin A (2005) GH treatment reduces trunkal adiposity in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Eur J Endocrinol 153:781\u2013789. doi: 10.1530\/eje.1.02039","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02039"},{"key":"92_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bickel M, Zangos S, Jacobi V et al (2006) A randomized, open-label study to compare the effects of two different doses of recombinant human growth hormone on fat reduction and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy. HIV Med 7:397\u2013403. doi: 10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00399.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00399.x"},{"key":"92_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31804a7f68","volume":"45","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grunfeld C, Thompson M, Brown SJ et al (2007) Recombinant human growth hormone to treat HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome: 12 week induction and 24-week maintenance therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:286\u2013297","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"92_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Lee J et al (2002) Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:942. doi: 10.1210\/jc.87.2.942","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.2.942"},{"key":"92_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00845.2002","volume":"94","author":"Q He","year":"2003","unstructured":"He Q, Engelson ES, Albu JB, Heymsfield SB, Kotler DP (2003) Preferential loss of omental-mesenteric fat during growth hormone therapy of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. J Appl Physiol 94:2051\u20132057","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"92_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen O, Haugaard SB, Flyvbjerg A et al (2004) Low-dose growth hormone and human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipodystrophy syndrome: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 34:561\u2013568. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01380.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01380.x"},{"key":"92_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigano A, Mora S, Manzoni P et al (2005) Effects of recombinant growth hormone on visceral fat accumulation: pilot study in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4075\u20134080. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2004-2431","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2431"},{"key":"92_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haugaard SB, Andersen O, Flyvbjerg A, Orskov H, Madsbad S, Iversen J (2006) Growth factors, glucose and insulin kinetics after low dose growth hormone therapy in HIV-lipodystrophy. J Infect 52:389\u2013398. doi: 10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.08.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.08.025"},{"key":"92_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bickel M, Zangos S, Lutz T et al (2008) Long-term effect on body composition and metabolic parameters after treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) in HIV-1 infected patients with lipodystrophy. Scand J Infect Dis 40:36\u201339. doi: 10.1080\/00365540701487955","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701487955"},{"key":"92_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutkia P, Canavan B, Breu J, Torriani M, Kissko J, Grinspoon S (2004) Growth hormone-releasing hormone in HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:210\u2013218. doi: 10.1001\/jama.292.2.210","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.2.210"},{"key":"92_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutkia P, Canavan B, Breu J, Grinspoon S (2005) Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on bone turnover in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2154\u20132160. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2004-1466","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1466"},{"key":"92_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falutz J, Allas S, Kotler D et al (2005) A placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of a growth hormone releasing factor in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation. AIDS 19:1279\u20131287. doi: 10.1097\/01.aids.0000180099.35146.30","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000180099.35146.30"},{"key":"92_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K et al (2007) Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med 357:2359\u20132370. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa072375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072375"},{"key":"92_CR74","unstructured":"Falutz J, Allas S, Mamputu J, Potvin D, Grinspoon S (2007) Long-term safety and efficacy of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) analogue, in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation [abstract]. In: European AIDS Clinical Society, 24\u201327 October 2007, Madrid, Spain. Abstract number LBPS7\/3"},{"key":"92_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Marinis L, Bianchi A, Mancini A et al (2004) Growth hormone secretion and leptin in morbid obesity before and after biliopancreatic diversion: relationships with insulin and body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:174\u2013180. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2002-021308","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021308"},{"key":"92_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasmussen MH, Hvidberg A, Juul A et al (1995) Massive weight loss restores 24-hour growth hormone release profiles and serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:1407\u20131415. doi: 10.1210\/jc.80.4.1407","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.4.1407"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-008-0092-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-008-0092-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-008-0092-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T05:23:32Z","timestamp":1630733012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-008-0092-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["92"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-008-0092-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]]}}}