{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:09:36Z","timestamp":1761512976684,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0314-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,9]],"date-time":"2011-05-09T09:30:26Z","timestamp":1304933426000},"page":"117-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Medical suppression of hypercortisolemia in Cushing\u2019s syndrome with particular consideration of etomidate"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Heyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian L.","family":"Hinske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Briegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.1.117","volume":"86","author":"J Lindholm","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lindholm J, Juul S, Jorgensen JO, Astrup J, Bjerre P, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hagen C et al (2001) Incidence and late prognosis of cushing\u2019s syndrome: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:117\u2013123","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1517\/14728210903413522","volume":"14","author":"DE Schteingart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schteingart DE (2009) Drugs in the medical treatment of cushing\u2019s syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 14:661\u2013671","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"key":"314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e47b7a","volume":"38","author":"HL Lutgers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lutgers HL, Vergragt J, Dong PV, de Vries J, Dullaart RP, van den Berg G et al (2010) Severe hypercortisolism: a medical emergency requiring urgent intervention. Crit Care Med 38:1598\u20131601","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92749-0","volume":"320","author":"EJ Ross","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ross EJ, Linch DC (1982) Cushing\u2019s syndrome\u2013killing disease: discriminatory value of signs and symptoms aiding early diagnosis. Lancet 320:646\u2013649","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.1.42","volume":"85","author":"NJ Sarlis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarlis NJ, Chanock SJ, Nieman LK (2000) Cortisolemic indices predict severe infections in cushing syndrome due to ectopic production of adrenocorticotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:42\u201347","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01655518","volume":"10","author":"RG Watson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Watson RG, van Heerden JA, Northcutt RC, Grant CS, Ilstrup DM (1986) Results of adrenal surgery for cushing\u2019s syndrome: 10\u00a0years\u2032 experience. World J Surg 10:531\u2013538","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-198","volume":"56","author":"S Takagi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takagi S, Tanabe A, Tsuiki M, Naruse M, Takano K (2009) Hypokalemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypercortisolemia are the major contributing factors to cardiac dysfunction in adrenal cushing\u2019s syndrome. Endocr J 56:1009\u20131018","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","volume":"93","author":"LK Nieman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, Newell-Price J, Savage MO, Stewart PM et al (2008) The diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1526\u20131540","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-690X(09)70003-X","volume":"23","author":"J Newell-Price","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newell-Price J (2009) Diagnosis\/differential diagnosis of cushing\u2019s syndrome: a review of best practice. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 23(Suppl 1):S5\u2013S14","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68699-6","volume":"367","author":"J Newell-Price","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK (2006) Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Lancet 367:1605\u20131617","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.8.3568","volume":"86","author":"JW Chu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chu JW, Matthias DF, Belanoff J, Schatzberg A, Hoffman AR, Feldman D (2001) Successful long-term treatment of refractory cushing\u2019s disease with high-dose mifepristone (RU 486). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3568\u20133573","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318198b096","volume":"10","author":"N Mettauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mettauer N, Brierley J (2009) A novel use of etomidate for intentional adrenal suppression to control severe hypercortisolemia in childhood. Pediatr Crit Care Med 10:e37\u2013e40","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"314_CR13","first-page":"E10","volume":"23","author":"BA Gross","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gross BA, Mindea SA, Pick AJ, Chandler JP, Batjer HH (2007) Medical management of cushing disease. Neurosurg Focus 23:E10","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9387-6","volume":"32","author":"JR Porterfield","year":"2008","unstructured":"Porterfield JR, Thompson GB, Young WF Jr et al (2008) Surgery for cushing\u2019s syndrome: an historical review and recent ten-year experience. World J Surg 32:659\u2013677","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000251578.03883.2f","volume":"245","author":"SK Thompson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thompson SK, Hayman AV, Ludlam WH, Deveney CW, Loriaux DL, Sheppard BC (2007) Improved quality of life after bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for cushing\u2019s disease: a 10-year experience. Ann Surg 245:790\u2013794","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"314_CR16","first-page":"198","volume":"12","author":"D Malley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malley D, Boris R, Kaul S et al (2008) Synchronous bilateral adrenalectomy for adrenocorticotropic-dependent cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Soc Laparoendosc Surg 12:198\u2013201","journal-title":"J Soc Laparoendosc Surg"},{"key":"314_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0706","volume":"92","author":"G Assi\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Assi\u00e9 G, Antoni G, Tissier F et al (2007) Prognostic parameters of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:148\u2013154","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199104000-00015","volume":"14","author":"AM Markoe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Markoe AM, Serber W, Micaily B et al (1991) Radiation therapy for adjunctive treatment of adrenal cortical carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 14:170\u2013174","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1007","volume":"91","author":"M Fassnacht","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fassnacht M, Hahner S, Polat B et al (2006) Efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy of the tumor bed on local recurrence of adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4501\u20134504","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10487","volume":"94","author":"J Abraham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abraham J, Bakke S, Rutt A et al (2002) A phase II trial of combination chemotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: continuous infusion doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide with daily mitotane as a P-glycoprotein antagonist. Cancer 94:2333\u20132343","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000301)88:5<1159::AID-CNCR28>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"88","author":"SK Williamson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williamson SK, Lew D, Miller GJ et al (2000) PhaseII evaluation of cisplatin and etoposide followed by mitotane at disease progression in patients with locally advanced or metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a southwest oncology group study. Cancer 88:1159\u20131165","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000314292","volume":"92","author":"RA Feelders","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feelders RA, Hofland LJ, de Herder WW (2010) Medical treatment of cushing\u2019s syndrome: adrenal-blocking drugs and ketaconazole. Neuroendocrinology 92:111\u2013115","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(94)90267-4","volume":"49","author":"D Engelhardt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Engelhardt D, Weber MM (1994) Therapy of cushing\u2019s syndrome with steroid biosynthesis inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 49:261\u2013267","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022308429992","volume":"5","author":"LK Nieman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nieman LK (2002) Medical therapy of cushing\u2019s disease. Pituitary 5:77\u201382","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"314_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347989","volume":"20","author":"A Colao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Colao A, Pivonello R, Tripodi FS, Orio F Jr, Ferone D, Cerbone G et al (1997) Failure of long-term therapy with sodium valproate in cushing\u2019s disease. J Endocrinol Invest 20:387\u2013392","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"314_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197510302931802","volume":"293","author":"DT Krieger","year":"1975","unstructured":"Krieger DT, Amorosa L, Linick F (1975) Cyproheptadine-induced remission of cushing\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 293:893\u2013896","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1746","volume":"90","author":"D Suri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Suri D, Weiss RE (2005) Effect of pioglitazone on adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion in cushing\u2019s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:1340\u20131346","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.2.514","volume":"82","author":"LB Mercado-Asis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mercado-Asis LB, Yanovski JA, Tracer HL, Chik CL, Cutler GB Jr (1997) Acute effects of bromocriptine, cyproheptadine, and valproic acid on plasma adrenocorticotropin secretion in Nelson\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:514\u2013517","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2101","volume":"94","author":"C Bruin de","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Bruin C, Pereira AM, Feelders RA, Romijn JA, Roelfsema F, Sprij-Mooij DM et al (2009) Coexpression of dopamine and somatostatin receptor subtypes in corticotroph adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1118\u20131124","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00520-1","volume":"428","author":"J Kraus","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kraus J, Woltje M, Schonwetter N, Hollt V (1998) Alternative promoter usage and tissue specific expression of the mouse somatostatin receptor 2 gene. FEBS Lett 428:165\u2013170","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"314_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-5-988","volume":"68","author":"X Bertagna","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bertagna X, Favrod-Coune C, Escourolle H, Beuzeboc P, Christoforov B, Girard F et al (1989) Suppression of ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion by the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68:988\u2013991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR32","first-page":"14","volume":"26","author":"V Boerlin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boerlin V, van der Hoek J, Beglinger C, Poon KW, Hartmann S, Dutreix C et al (2003) New insights on SOM230, a universal somatostatin receptor ligand. J Endocrinol Invest 26:14\u201316","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"314_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01876","volume":"152","author":"LJ Hofland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hofland LJ, van der Hoek J, Feelders R, van Aken MO, van Koetsveld PM, Waaijers M et al (2005) The multi-ligand somatostatin analogue SOM230 inhibits ACTH secretion by cultured human corticotroph adenomas via somatostatin receptor type 5. Eur J Endocrinol 152:645\u2013654","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"314_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302007000800020","volume":"51","author":"CN Dang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dang CN, Trainer P (2007) Pharmacological management of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an update. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 51:1339\u20131348","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"314_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1981.tb03557.x","volume":"1","author":"RJ Santen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Santen RJ, Misbin RI (1981) Aminoglutethimide: review of pharmacology and clinical use. Pharmacotherapy 1:95\u2013120","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"314_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1976.tb01504.x","volume":"16","author":"RI Misbin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Misbin RI, Canary J, Willard D (1976) Aminoglutethimide in the treatment of cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Pharmacol 16:645\u2013651","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"314_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-27-12-1657","volume":"27","author":"DE Schteingart","year":"1967","unstructured":"Schteingart DE, Conn JW (1967) Effects of aminoglutethimide upon adrenal function and cortisol metabolism in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 27:1657\u20131666","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110903","volume":"71","author":"DS Loose","year":"1983","unstructured":"Loose DS, Kan PB, Hirst MA, Marcus RA, Feldman D (1983) Ketoconazole blocks adrenal steroidogenesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes. J Clin Invest 71:1495\u20131499","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"314_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197903013000903","volume":"300","author":"JP Luton","year":"1979","unstructured":"Luton JP, Mahoudeau JA, Bouchard P, Thieblot P, Hautecouverture M, Simon D et al (1979) Treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease by O, p\u2032DDD. Survey of 62 cases. N Engl J Med 300:459\u2013464","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"314_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-5-613","volume":"92","author":"DE Schteingart","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schteingart DE, Tsao HS, Taylor CI, McKenzie A, Victoria R, Therrien BA (1980) Sustained remission of cushing\u2019s disease with mitotane and pituitary irradiation. Ann Intern Med 92:613\u2013619","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"314_CR41","first-page":"49","volume":"50","author":"S Leiba","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leiba S, Weinstein R, Shindel B, Lapidot M, Stern E, Levavi H et al (1989) The protracted effect of o, p\u2032-DDD in Cushing\u2019s disease and its impact on adrenal morphogenesis of young human embryo. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 50:49\u201353","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"314_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372004","volume":"337","author":"A Lacroix","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lacroix A, Tremblay J, Rousseau G, Bouvier M, Hamet P (1997) Propranolol therapy for ectopic beta-adrenergic receptors in adrenal cushing\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 337:1429\u20131434","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"314_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911183412104","volume":"341","author":"A Lacroix","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lacroix A, Hamet P, Boutin JM (1999) Leuprolide acetate therapy in luteinizing hormone\u2013dependent cushing\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 341:1577\u20131581","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"314_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0098","volume":"160","author":"F Castinetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Castinetti F, Fassnacht M, Johanssen S, Terzolo M, Bouchard P, Chanson P et al (2009) Merits and pitfalls of mifepristone in cushing\u2019s syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 160:1003\u20131010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"314_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318187ed37","volume":"108","author":"A Dabbagh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dabbagh A, Sa\u2019adat N, Heidari Z (2009) Etomidate infusion in the critical care setting for suppressing the acute phase of cushing\u2019s syndrome. Anesth Analg 108:238\u2013239","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"314_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000088587","volume":"64","author":"JE Greening","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greening JE, Brain CE, Perry LA, Mushtaq I, Sales Marques J, Grossman AB et al (2005) Efficient short-term control of hypercortisolaemia by low-dose etomidate in severe paediatric cushing\u2019s disease. Horm Res 64:140\u2013143","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"314_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.10.3542","volume":"83","author":"WM Drake","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drake WM, Perry LA, Hinds CJ, Lowe DG, Reznek RH, Besser GM (1998) Emergency and prolonged use of intravenous etomidate to control hypercortisolemia in a patient with cushing\u2019s syndrome and peritonitis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:3542\u20133544","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.9.4104","volume":"86","author":"J Krakoff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Krakoff J, Koch CA, Calis KA, Alexander RH, Nieman LK (2001) Use of a parenteral propylene glycol-containing etomidate preparation for the long-term management of ectopic cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:4104\u20134108","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H365","volume":"41","author":"TN Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson TN, Canada TW (2007) Etomidate use for cushing\u2019s syndrome caused by an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumor. Ann Pharmacother 41:350\u2013353","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"314_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/52.9.997","volume":"52","author":"BW Hadzija","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hadzija BW, Lubarsky DA (1995) Compatibility of etomidate, thiopental sodium, and propofol injections with drugs commonly administered during induction of anesthesia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 52:997\u2013999","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"314_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197810000-00010","volume":"49","author":"MJ Hamme Van","year":"1978","unstructured":"Van Hamme MJ, Ghoneim MM, Ambre JJ (1978) Pharmacokinetics of etomidate, a new intravenous anesthetic. Anesthesiology 49:274\u2013277","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"314_CR52","first-page":"150","volume":"221","author":"WE Meuldermans","year":"1976","unstructured":"Meuldermans WE, Heykants JJ (1976) The plasma protein binding and distribution of etomidate in dog, rat and human blood. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 221:150\u2013162","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"314_CR53","first-page":"180","volume":"249","author":"G Ruiter de","year":"1981","unstructured":"de Ruiter G, Popescu DT, de Boer AG, Smeekens JB, Breimer DD (1981) Pharmacokinetics of etomidate in surgical patients. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 249:180\u2013188","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"314_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200310000-00022","volume":"99","author":"A Paris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paris A, Philipp M, Tonner PH, Steinfath M, Lohse M, Scholz J et al (2003) Activation of alpha 2B-adrenoceptors mediates the cardiovascular effects of etomidate. Anesthesiology 99:889\u2013895","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"314_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1984.tb00112.x","volume":"20","author":"DE Fry","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fry DE, Griffiths H (1984) The inhibition by etomidate of the 11 beta-hydroxylation of cortisol. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 20:625\u2013629","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"314_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199311000-00023","volume":"77","author":"RV Reddy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reddy RV, Moorthy SS, Dierdorf SF, Deitch RD Jr, Link L (1993) Excitatory effects and electroencephalographic correlation of etomidate, thiopental, methohexital, and propofol. Anesth Analg 77:1008\u20131011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"314_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/57.8.732","volume":"57","author":"JK Wells","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wells JK (1985) Comparison of ICI 35868, etomidate and methohexitone for day-case anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 57:732\u2013735","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"314_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12740.x","volume":"41","author":"JS McCollum","year":"1986","unstructured":"McCollum JS, Dundee JW (1986) Comparison of induction characteristics of four intravenous anaesthetic agents. Anaesthesia 41:995\u20131000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"314_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07412.x","volume":"48","author":"GJ Scheffer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Scheffer GJ, Ten Voorde BJ, Karemaker JM, Ros HH, de Lange JJ (1993) Effects of thiopentone, etomidate and propofol on beat-to-beat cardiovascular signals in man. Anaesthesia 48:849\u2013855","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"314_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066606298140","volume":"22","author":"JB Lundy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lundy JB, Slane ML, Frizzi JD (2007) Acute adrenal insufficiency after a single dose of etomidate. J Intensive Care Med 22:111\u2013117","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"314_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-5-1426","volume":"70","author":"HM Schulte","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schulte HM, Benker G, Reinwein D, Sippell WG, Allolio B (1990) Infusion of low dose etomidate: correction of hypercortisolemia in patients with cushing\u2019s syndrome and dose-response relationship in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70:1426\u20131430","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"314_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90710-9","volume":"322","author":"B Allolio","year":"1983","unstructured":"Allolio B, Stuttmann R, Fischer H, Leonhard W, Winkelmann W (1983) Long-term etomidate and adrenocortical suppression. Lancet 322:626","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"314_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90811-1","volume":"1","author":"R G\u00e4rtner","year":"1986","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner R, Albrecht M, M\u00fcller OA (1986) Effect of etomidate on hypercortisolism due to ectopic ACTH production. Lancet 1:275","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"314_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01735795","volume":"66","author":"B Allolio","year":"1988","unstructured":"Allolio B, Schulte HM, Kaulen D, Reincke M, Jaursch-Hancke C, Winkelmann W (1988) Nonhypnotic low-dose etomidate for rapid correction of hypercortisolaemia in cushing\u2019s syndrome. Klin Wochenschr 66:361\u2013364","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"314_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-11477","volume":"126","author":"BL Herrmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Herrmann BL, Mitchell A, Saller B (2001) Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy of a patient with an ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma and an \u201cempty sella\u201d after pretreatment with etomidate. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 126:232\u2013234","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"314_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350817","volume":"30","author":"YM Bilgin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bilgin YM, van der Wiel HE, Fischer HR, De Herder WW (2007) Treatment of severe psychosis due to ectopic cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 30:776\u2013779","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"314_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22688-X","volume":"240","author":"SW Lamberts","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lamberts SW, Bons EG, Bruining HA, de Jong FH (1987) Differential effects of the imidazole derivatives etomidate, ketoconazole and miconazole and of metyrapone on the secretion of cortisol and its precursors by human adrenocortical cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 240:259\u2013264","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"314_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(93)90054-Q","volume":"58","author":"I Varga","year":"1993","unstructured":"Varga I, R\u00e1cz K, Kiss R et al (1993) Direct inhibitory effect of etomidate on corticosteroid secretion in human pathologic adrenocortical cells. Steroids 58:64\u201368","journal-title":"Steroids"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-011-0314-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-011-0314-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-011-0314-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T12:48:44Z","timestamp":1741178924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-011-0314-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-011-0314-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1386-341X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7403"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]]}}}