{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:20:47Z","timestamp":1791091247576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T02:47:17Z","timestamp":1419216437000},"page":"225-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Silent corticotroph adenomas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Odelia","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199804000-00037","volume":"42","author":"T Abe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abe T, Ludecke DK, Saeger W (1998) Clinically nonsecreting pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence. Neurosurgery 42:744\u2013750 discussion 750\u2013741","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1378-1","volume":"154","author":"H Alahmadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alahmadi H, Lee D, Wilson JR, Hayhurst C, Mete O, Gentili F, Asa SL, Zadeh G (2012) Clinical features of silent corticotroph adenomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 154:1493\u20131498. doi: 10.1007\/s00701-012-1378-1","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"624_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348769","volume":"15","author":"B Ambrosi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ambrosi B, Colombo P, Bochicchio D, Bassetti M, Masini B, Faglia G (1992) The silent corticotropinoma: Is clinical diagnosis possible? J Endocrinol Invest 15:443\u2013452","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"624_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690500081230","volume":"19","author":"SE Baldeweg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baldeweg SE, Pollock JR, Powell M, Ahlquist J (2005) A spectrum of behaviour in silent corticotroph pituitary adenomas. Br J Neurosurg 19:38\u201342. doi: 10.1080\/02688690500081230","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"624_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01674.x","volume":"58","author":"KJ Bradley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bradley KJ, Wass JA, Turner HE (2003) Non-functioning pituitary adenomas with positive immunoreactivity for ACTH behave more aggressively than ACTH immunonegative tumours but do not recur more frequently. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 58:59\u201364","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.13.5.463","volume":"13","author":"RL Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown RL, Wollman R, Weiss RE (2007) Transformation of a pituitary macroadenoma into to a corticotropin-secreting carcinoma over 16\u00a0years. Endocr Pract 13:463\u2013471. doi: 10.4158\/EP.13.5.463","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"624_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12443","volume":"81","author":"L Cazabat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cazabat L, Dupuy M, Boulin A, Bernier M, Baussart B, Foubert L, Raffin-Sanson ML, Caron P, Bertherat J, Gaillard S (2014) Silent, but not unseen: multimicrocystic aspect on T2-weighted MRI in silent corticotroph adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81:566\u2013572. doi: 10.1111\/cen.12443","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR8","author":"HY Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho HY, Cho SW, Kim SW, Shin CS, Park KS, Kim SY (2009) Silent corticotroph adenomas have unique recurrence characteristics as compared with other non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03673.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03673.x","volume":"72","author":"HY Cho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cho HY, Cho SW, Kim SW, Shin CS, Park KS, Kim SY (2010) Silent corticotroph adenomas have unique recurrence characteristics compared with other nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72:648\u2013653. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03673.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-010-0014-x","volume":"1","author":"O Cooper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cooper O, Ben-Shlomo A, Bonert V, Bannykh S, Mirocha J, Melmed S (2010) Silent corticogonadotroph adenomas: clinical and cellular characteristics and long-term outcomes. Horm Cancer 1:80\u201392. doi: 10.1007\/s12672-010-0014-x","journal-title":"Horm Cancer"},{"key":"624_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1668","volume":"91","author":"AF Daly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C, Dempegioti A, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A (2006) High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4769\u20134775. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2006-1668","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"624_CR12","volume-title":"World Health Organization classification of tumours","author":"RA DeLellis","year":"2004","unstructured":"DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz PU, Eng C (2004) Pathology and genetics of tumors of endocrine organs. In: PU K, LH S (eds) World Health Organization classification of tumours. IARC Press, Lyon"},{"key":"624_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03667.x","volume":"72","author":"A Fernandez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fernandez A, Karavitaki N, Wass JA (2010) Prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a community-based, cross-sectional study in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72:377\u2013382. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03667.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350050206041","volume":"143","author":"EL Gogel","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gogel EL, Salber PR, Tyrrell JB, Rosenblum ML, Findling JW (1983) Cushing\u2019s disease in a patient with a \u2018nonfunctioning\u2019 pituitary tumor. Spontaneous development and remission. Arch Intern Med 143:1040\u20131042","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"624_CR15","first-page":"212","volume":"1","author":"S Holck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Holck S, Wewer UM, Albrechtsen R (1988) Heterogeneity of secretory granules of silent pituitary adenomas. Mod Pathol 1:212\u2013215","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR16","first-page":"617","volume":"98","author":"E Horvath","year":"1980","unstructured":"Horvath E, Kovacs K, Killinger DW, Smyth HS, Platts ME, Singer W (1980) Silent corticotropic adenomas of the human pituitary gland: a histologic, immunocytologic, and ultrastructural study. Am J Pathol 98:617\u2013638","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738816","volume":"10","author":"E Horvath","year":"1999","unstructured":"Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV (1999) Pars intermedia of the human pituitary revisited: morphologic aspects and frequency of hyperplasia of POMC-peptide immunoreactive cells. Endocr Pathol 10:55\u201364","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00477.x","volume":"48","author":"S Ikuyama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ikuyama S, Mu Y-M, Ohe K, Nakagaki H, Fukushima T, Takayanagi R, Nawata H (1998) Expression of an orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 in human pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 48:647\u2013654","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318257c1f0","volume":"71","author":"AG Ioachimescu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ioachimescu AG, Eiland L, Chhabra VS, Mastrogianakis GM, Schniederjan MJ, Brat D, Pileggi AV, Oyesiku NM (2012) Silent corticotroph adenomas: emory University cohort and comparison with ACTH-negative nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery 71:296\u2013303. doi: 10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318257c1f0 discussion 304","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000429858.96652.1e","volume":"73","author":"A Jahangiri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jahangiri A, Wagner JR, Pekmezci M, Hiniker A, Chang EF, Kunwar S, Blevins L, Aghi MK (2013) A comprehensive long-term retrospective analysis of silent corticotrophic adenomas vs hormone-negative adenomas. Neurosurgery 73:8\u201317. doi: 10.1227\/01.neu.0000429858.96652.1e discussion 17\u201318","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1385\/EP:16:2:107","volume":"16","author":"L Jin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jin L, Riss D, Ruebel K, Kajita S, Scheithauer BW, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV (2005) Galectin-3 expression in functioning and silent ACTH-producing adenomas. Endocr Pathol 16:107\u2013114","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0341-0","volume":"15","author":"E Jouanneau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jouanneau E, Wierinckx A, Ducray F, Favrel V, Borson-Chazot F, Honnorat J, Trouillas J, Raverot G (2012) New targeted therapies in pituitary carcinoma resistant to temozolomide. Pituitary 15:37\u201343. doi: 10.1007\/s11102-011-0341-0","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"624_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.8.0325","volume":"13","author":"K Kawabe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kawabe K, Shikayama T, Tsuboi H, Oka S, Oba K, Yanase T, Nawata H, Morohashi K (1999) Dax-1 as one of the target genes of Ad4BP\/SF-1. Mol Endocrinol 13:1267\u20131284","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"624_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.49.285","volume":"49","author":"Y Kojima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kojima Y, Suzuki S, Yamamura K, Ohhashi G, Yamamoto I (2002) Comparison of ACTH secretion in Cushing\u2019s adenoma and clinically silent corticotroph adenoma by cell immunoblot assay. Endocr J 49:285\u2013292","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"624_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00282-3","volume":"104","author":"B Lamolet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lamolet B, Pulichino A-M, Lamonerie T, Gauthier Y, Brue T, Enjalbert A, Drouin J (2001) A pituitary cell-restricted T box factor, Tpit, activates POMC transcription in cooperation with Pitx homeoproteins. Cell 104:849\u2013859","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"624_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0567","volume":"22","author":"P-L Lavoie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lavoie P-L, Budry L, Balsalobre A, Drouin J (2008) Developmental dependence on NurRE and EboxNeuro for expression of pituitary proopiomelanocortin. Mol Endocrinol 22:1647\u20131657. doi: 10.1210\/me.2007-0567","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"624_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8674","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.141234898","volume":"98","author":"J Liu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Liu J, Lin C, Gleiberman A, Ohgi KA, Herman T, Huang H-P, Tsai M-J, Rosenfeld MG (2001) Tbx19, a tissue-selective regulator of POMC gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:8674\u20138679","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"624_CR28","first-page":"479","volume":"137","author":"RV Lloyd","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lloyd RV, Fields K, Jin L, Horvath E, Kovacs K (1990) Analysis of endocrine active and clinically silent corticotropic adenomas by in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol 137:479\u2013488","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.04.016","volume":"35","author":"JA Lopez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lopez JA, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Sze CI, Woodmansee WW, Lillehei KO (2004) Silent corticotroph adenomas: further clinical and pathological observations. Hum Pathol 35:1137\u20131147","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70280-2","volume":"26","author":"CA Meier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meier CA, Biller BM (1997) Clinical and biochemical evaluation of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 26:741\u2013762","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"624_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E144","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182750850","volume":"72","author":"E Melcescu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melcescu E, Gannon AW, Parent AD, Fratkin JF, Nicholas WC, Koch CA, Galhom A (2013) Silent or subclinical corticotroph pituitary macroadenoma transforming into Cushing disease: 11-year follow-up. Neurosurgery 72:E144\u2013E146. doi: 10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182750850","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20401","volume":"112","author":"S Melmed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Melmed S (2003) Mechanisms for pituitary tumorigenesis: the plastic pituitary. J Clin Invest 112:1603\u20131618","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"624_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-013-9270-y","volume":"24","author":"O Mete","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mete O, Hayhurst C, Alahmadi H, Monsalves E, Gucer H, Gentili F, Ezzat S, Asa SL, Zadeh G (2013) The role of mediators of cell invasiveness, motility, and migration in the pathogenesis of silent corticotroph adenomas. Endocr Pathol 24:191\u2013198. doi: 10.1007\/s12022-013-9270-y","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1307","volume":"10","author":"O Moshkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moshkin O, Syro LV, Scheithauer BW, Ortiz LD, Fadul CE, Uribe H, Gonzalez R, Cusimano M, Horvath E, Rotondo F et al (2011) Aggressive silent corticotroph adenoma progressing to pituitary carcinoma: the role of temozolomide therapy. Hormones (Athens) 10:162\u2013167","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"624_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","volume":"93","author":"LK Nieman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nieman LK, Biller BMK, Findling JW, Newell-Price J, Savage MO, Stewart PM, Montori VM (2008) The diagnosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1526\u20131540. doi: 10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"624_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025321731790","volume":"5","author":"S Ohta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohta S, Nishizawa S, Oki Y, Yokoyama T, Namba H (2002) Significance of absent prohormone convertase 1\/3 in inducing clinically silent corticotroph pituitary adenoma of subtype I: immunohistochemical study. Pituitary 5:221\u2013223","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"624_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0346-8","volume":"15","author":"LD Ortiz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ortiz LD, Syro LV, Scheithauer BW, Ersen A, Uribe H, Fadul CE, Rotondo F, Horvath E, Kovacs K (2012) Anti-VEGF therapy in pituitary carcinoma. Pituitary 15:445\u2013449. doi: 10.1007\/s11102-011-0346-8","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"624_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880408","volume":"14","author":"K Oyama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oyama K, Sanno N, Teramoto A, Osamura RY (2001) Expression of neuro D1 in human normal pituitaries and pituitary adenomas. Mod Pathol 14:892\u2013899","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR39","first-page":"347","volume":"29","author":"M Pawlikowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pawlikowski M, Kunert-Radek J, Radek M (2008) \u201cSilent\u201dcorticotropinoma. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:347\u2013350","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"624_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6673","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.11.6673","volume":"17","author":"G Poulin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Poulin G, Turgeon B, Drouin J (1997) NeuroD1\/beta2 contributes to cell-specific transcription of the proopiomelanocortin gene. Mol Cell Biol 17:6673\u20136682","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"624_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984437","volume":"115","author":"T Psaras","year":"2007","unstructured":"Psaras T, Honegger J, Buslei R, Saeger W, Klein D, Capper D, Meyermann R, Mittelbronn M (2007) Atypical type II silent corticotrophic adenoma developing into Cushing\u2019s disease upon second recurrence. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 115:610\u2013615. doi: 10.1055\/s-2007-984437","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"624_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0076","volume":"163","author":"G Raverot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raverot G, Wierinckx A, Jouanneau E, Auger C, Borson-Chazot F, Lachuer J, Pugeat M, Trouillas J (2010) Clinical, hormonal and molecular characterization of pituitary ACTH adenomas without (silent corticotroph adenomas) and with Cushing\u2019s disease. Eur J Endocrinol 163:35\u201343. doi: 10.1530\/eje-10-0076","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"624_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02326","volume":"156","author":"W Saeger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saeger W, Ludecke DK, Buchfelder M, Fahlbusch R, Quabbe HJ, Petersenn S (2007) Pathohistological classification of pituitary tumors: 10\u00a0years of experience with the German Pituitary Tumor Registry. Eur J Endocrinol 156:203\u2013216. doi: 10.1530\/eje.1.02326","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"624_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2006.01.007","volume":"202","author":"R Sahli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sahli R, Christ ER, Seiler R, Kappeler A, Vajtai I (2006) Clinicopathologic correlations of silent corticotroph adenomas of the pituitary: report of four cases and literature review. Pathol Res Pract 202:457\u2013464. doi: 10.1016\/j.prp.2006.01.007","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"624_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.44.329","volume":"44","author":"H Sakaguchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sakaguchi H, Koshiyama H, Sano T, Inoue D, Hashimoto N, Aoki N, Nakao K (1997) A case of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma resembling so-called silent corticotroph adenoma. Endocr J 44:329\u2013333","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"624_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318230ac63","volume":"70","author":"F Salehi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salehi F, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Syro LV, Sharma S, Manoranjan B, Cusimano M (2012) O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) immunohistochemical expression in pituitary corticotroph adenomas. Neurosurgery 70:491\u2013496. doi: 10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318230ac63 discussion 496","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1385\/EP:13:2:125","volume":"13","author":"T Sano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sano T, Kovacs K, Asa SL, Yamada S, Sanno N, Yokoyama S, Takami H (2002) Pituitary adenoma with \u201choneycomb Golgi\u201d appearance showing a phenotypic change at recurrence from clinically nonfunctioning to typical Cushing disease. Endocr Pathol 13:125\u2013130","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"624_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000223437.51435.6E","volume":"59","author":"BW Scheithauer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scheithauer BW, Gaffey TA, Lloyd RV, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Yapicier O, Young WF Jr, Meyer FB, Kuroki T et al (2006) Pathobiology of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Neurosurgery 59:341\u2013353. doi: 10.1227\/01.NEU.0000223437.51435.6E discussion 341\u2013353","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR49","first-page":"723","volume":"47","author":"BW Scheithauer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheithauer BW, Jaap AJ, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV, Meyer FB, Laws ER Jr, Young WF Jr (2000) Clinically silent corticotroph tumors of the pituitary gland. Neurosurgery 47:723\u2013729 discussion 729\u2013730","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K07-059","volume":"54","author":"T Tateno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tateno T, Izumiyama H, Doi M, Akashi T, Ohno K, Hirata Y (2007) Defective expression of prohormone convertase 1\/3 in silent corticotroph adenoma. Endocr J 54:777\u2013782","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"624_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0428","volume":"157","author":"T Tateno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tateno T, Izumiyama H, Doi M, Yoshimoto T, Shichiri M, Inoshita N, Oyama K, Yamada S, Hirata Y (2007) Differential gene expression in ACTH -secreting and non-functioning pituitary tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 157:717\u2013724. doi: 10.1530\/EJE-07-0428","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"624_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K08E-186","volume":"56","author":"T Tateno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tateno T, Kato M, Tani Y, Oyama K, Yamada S, Hirata Y (2009) Differential expression of somatostatin and dopamine receptor subtype genes in adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors and silent corticotroph adenomas. Endocr J 56:579\u2013584","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"624_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-009-0211-1","volume":"14","author":"MS Thearle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thearle MS, Freda PU, Bruce JN, Isaacson SR, Lee Y, Fine RL (2011) Temozolomide (Temodar(R)) and capecitabine (Xeloda(R)) treatment of an aggressive corticotroph pituitary tumor. Pituitary 14:418\u2013424. doi: 10.1007\/s11102-009-0211-1","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"624_CR54","first-page":"227","volume":"6","author":"E Thodou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thodou E, Argyrakos T, Kontogeorgos G (2007) Galectin-3 as a marker distinguishing functioning from silent corticotroph adenomas. Hormones (Athens) 6:227\u2013232","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"624_CR55","first-page":"197","volume":"20","author":"J Tourniaire","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tourniaire J (1991) The so-called silent corticotropic pituitary adenoma. Presse Med 20:197\u2013198","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"624_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(98)00013-5","volume":"50","author":"T Ueyama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ueyama T, Tamaki N, Kondoh T, Kurata H (1998) Large and invasive silent corticotroph-cell adenoma with elevated serum ACTH: a case report. Surg Neurol 50:30\u201331 discussion 32","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"624_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021934","volume":"88","author":"S Vallette-Kasic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vallette-Kasic S, Figarella-Branger D, Grino M, Pulichino A-M, Dufour H, Grisoli F, Enjalbert A, Drouin J, Brue T (2003) Differential regulation of proopiomelanocortin and pituitary-restricted transcription factor (TPIT), a new marker of normal and adenomatous human corticotrophs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:3050\u20133056","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"624_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01076.x","volume":"22","author":"NJ Vaughan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Vaughan NJ, Laroche CM, Goodman I, Davies MJ, Jenkins JS (1985) Pituitary Cushing\u2019s disease arising from a previously non-functional corticotrophic chromophobe adenoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 22:147\u2013153","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"624_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000088660.16904.F7","volume":"53","author":"KM Webb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Webb KM, Laurent JJ, Okonkwo DO, Lopes MB, Vance ML, Laws ER Jr (2003) Clinical characteristics of silent corticotrophic adenomas and creation of an internet-accessible database to facilitate their multi-institutional study. Neurosurgery 53:1076\u20131084 discussion 1084\u20131075","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR60","author":"Z Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu Z, Ellis S, Lee CC, Starke RM, Schlesinger D, Lee Vance M, Lopes MB, Sheehan J (2014) Silent corticotroph adenomas after stereotactic radiosurgery: a case\u2013control study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.07.013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"624_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000290906.53685.79","volume":"61","author":"S Yamada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada S, Ohyama K, Taguchi M, Takeshita A, Morita K, Takano K, Sano T (2007) A study of the correlation between morphological findings and biological activities in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery 61:580\u2013584. doi: 10.1227\/01.NEU.0000290906.53685.79 discussion 584-585","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.2001.00409.x","volume":"21","author":"S Yokoyama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yokoyama S, Kawahara Y, Sano T, Nakayama M, Kitajima S, Kuratsu J (2001) A case of non-functioning pituitary adenoma with Cushing\u2019s syndrome upon recurrence. Neuropathology 21:288\u2013293","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"624_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E447","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000251","volume":"74","author":"BE Zacharia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zacharia BE, Gulati AP, Bruce JN, Carminucci AS, Wardlaw SL, Siegelin M, Remotti H, Lignelli A, Fine RL (2014) High response rates and prolonged survival in patients with corticotroph pituitary tumors and refractory Cushing disease from capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM): a case series. Neurosurgery 74:E447\u2013E455. doi: 10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000251 discussion E455","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"624_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.8.JNS10290","volume":"114","author":"G Zada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zada G, Woodmansee WW, Ramkissoon S, Amadio J, Nose V, Laws ER Jr (2011) Atypical pituitary adenomas: incidence, clinical characteristics, and implications. J Neurosurg 114:336\u2013344. doi: 10.3171\/2010.8.JNS10290","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T02:08:22Z","timestamp":1559354902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]}}}