{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:14:46Z","timestamp":1793499286480,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01075-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T18:25:14Z","timestamp":1598984714000},"page":"672-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cystic appearance on magnetic resonance imaging in bihormonal growth hormone and prolactin tumors in acromegaly"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Varlamov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao Prola","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Thiessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn Shao Ting","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine G.","family":"Yedinak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swechya","family":"Banskota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin S.","family":"Cetas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fleseriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2700","volume":"99","author":"L Katznelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katznelson L, Laws ER Jr, Melmed S, Molitch ME, Murad MH, Utz A et al (2014) Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(11):3933\u20133951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2014-2700","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810772","volume":"382","author":"S Melmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melmed S (2020) Pituitary-tumor endocrinopathies. N Engl J Med 382(10):937\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1810772","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2018.14.2.57","volume":"14","author":"R Zahr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zahr R, Fleseriu M (2018) Updates in diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly. Eur Endocrinol 14(2):57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17925\/EE.2018.14.2.57","journal-title":"Eur Endocrinol"},{"key":"1075_CR4","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs","author":"R Lloyd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lloyd R, Osamura R, Kl\u00f6ppel G, Rosai J (2017) WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs, 4th edn. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon","edition":"4"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0445-1","volume":"16","author":"J Brzana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brzana J, Yedinak CG, Gultekin SH, Delashaw JB, Fleseriu M (2013) Growth hormone granulation pattern and somatostatin receptor subtype 2A correlate with postoperative somatostatin receptor ligand response in acromegaly: a large single center experience. Pituitary 16(4):490\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-012-0445-1","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04163.x","volume":"76","author":"SL Fougner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fougner SL, Casar-Borota O, Heck A, Berg JP, Bollerslev J (2012) Adenoma granulation pattern correlates with clinical variables and effect of somatostatin analogue treatment in a large series of patients with acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76(1):96\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04163.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0748-8","volume":"20","author":"LV Syro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Syro LV, Rotondo F, Serna CA, Ortiz LD, Kovacs K (2017) Pathology of GH-producing pituitary adenomas and GH cell hyperplasia of the pituitary. Pituitary 20(1):84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-016-0748-8","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00599.x","volume":"22","author":"O Mete","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mete O, Asa SL (2012) Clinicopathological correlations in pituitary adenomas. Brain Pathol 22(4):443\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00599.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-008-9029-z","volume":"19","author":"A Obari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Obari A, Sano T, Ohyama K, Kudo E, Qian ZR, Yoneda A et al (2008) Clinicopathological features of growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas: difference among various types defined by cytokeratin distribution pattern including a transitional form. Endocr Pathol 19(2):82\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-008-9029-z","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0383-y","volume":"49","author":"K Kiseljak-Vassiliades","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Carlson NE, Borges MT, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Lillehei KO, Kerr JM et al (2015) Growth hormone tumor histological subtypes predict response to surgical and medical therapy. Endocrine 49(1):231\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-014-0383-y","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2282020695","volume":"228","author":"A Hagiwara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hagiwara A, Inoue Y, Wakasa K, Haba T, Tashiro T, Miyamoto T (2003) Comparison of growth hormone-producing and non-growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas: imaging characteristics and pathologic correlation. Radiology 228(2):533\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2282020695","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04286.x","volume":"77","author":"A Heck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heck A, Ringstad G, Fougner SL, Casar-Borota O, Nome T, Ramm-Pettersen J et al (2012) Intensity of pituitary adenoma on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging predicts the response to octreotide treatment in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 77(1):72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04286.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0877-3","volume":"21","author":"SC Dogansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dogansen SC, Yalin GY, Tanrikulu S, Tekin S, Nizam N, Bilgic B et al (2018) Clinicopathological significance of baseline T2-weighted signal intensity in functional pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 21(4):347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-018-0877-3","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"9","key":"1075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4072","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7819","volume":"86","author":"J Kreutzer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kreutzer J, Vance ML, Lopes MB, Laws ER Jr (2001) Surgical management of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas: an outcome study using modern remission criteria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(9):4072\u20134077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7819","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.JNS18230","volume":"131","author":"J Rick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rick J, Jahangiri A, Flanigan PM, Chandra A, Kunwar S, Blevins L et al (2018) Growth hormone and prolactin-staining tumors causing acromegaly: a retrospective review of clinical presentations and surgical outcomes. J Neurosurg 131(1):147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.4.JNS18230","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02029-1","volume":"66","author":"L Lv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv L, Jiang Y, Yin S, Hu Y, Chen C, Ma W et al (2019) Mammosomatotroph and mixed somatotroph-lactotroph adenoma in acromegaly: a retrospective study with long-term follow-up. Endocrine 66(2):310\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-019-02029-1","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1075_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29043-0","volume-title":"MRI of the pituitary gland","author":"J-F Bonneville","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonneville J-F, Bonneville F, Cattin F, Nagi S (2016) MRI of the pituitary gland. Springer International Publishing, Cham"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12443","volume":"81","author":"L Cazabat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cazabat L, Dupuy M, Boulin A, Bernier M, Baussart B, Foubert L et al (2014) Silent, but not unseen: multimicrocystic aspect on T2-weighted MRI in silent corticotroph adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81(4):566\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12443","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.FOCUS10169","volume":"29","author":"MB Lopes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lopes MB (2010) Growth hormone-secreting adenomas: pathology and cell biology. Neurosurg Focus 29(4):E2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2010.7.FOCUS10169","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588432","volume":"34","author":"P Lundin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lundin P, Nyman R, Burman P, Lundberg PO, Muhr C (1992) MRI of pituitary macroadenomas with reference to hormonal activity. Neuroradiology 34(1):43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00588432","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"1075_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.109","volume":"103","author":"J Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang J, Gu J, Ma Y, Huang Y, Wang J, Wu Z et al (2017) Uneven distribution of regional blood supply prompts the cystic change of pituitary adenoma. World Neurosurg 103:37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.109","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03619.x","volume":"19","author":"ZH Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu ZH, Tu PH, Pai PC, Chen NY, Lee ST, Chuang CC (2012) Predisposing factors of pituitary hemorrhage. Eur J Neurol 19(5):733\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03619.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1075_CR23","first-page":"221","volume":"97","author":"E Horvath","year":"1974","unstructured":"Horvath E, Kovacs K (1974) Misplaced exocytosis. Distinct ultrastructural feature in some pituitary adenomas. Arch Pathol 97(4):221\u2013224","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405275","volume":"100","author":"Z Ram","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ram Z, Hadani M, Berezin M, Findler G, Sahar A, Shacked I (1989) Intratumoural cyst formation in pituitary macroadenomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 100(1\u20132):56\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01405275","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1075_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14133","volume":"92","author":"L Kasuki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasuki L, Antunes X, Coelho MCA, Lamback EB, Galvao S, Silva Camacho AH et al (2020) Accuracy of microcystic aspect on T2-weighted MRI for the diagnosis of silent corticotroph adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 92(2):145\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14133","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1075_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.03.024","volume":"16","author":"B Bahuleyan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bahuleyan B, Menon G, Nair S, Rao BRM, Easwer HV, Krishna K (2009) Non-surgical management of cystic prolactinomas. J Clin Neurosci 16(11):1421\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.03.024","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2008","volume":"101","author":"A Faje","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faje A, Chunharojrith P, Nency J, Biller BM, Swearingen B, Klibanski A (2016) Dopamine agonists can reduce cystic prolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(10):3709\u20133715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2016-2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03673.x","volume":"72","author":"HY Cho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cho HY, Cho SW, Kim SW, Shin CS, Park KS, Kim SY (2010) Silent corticotroph adenomas have unique recurrence characteristics compared with other nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72(5):648\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03673.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0844-4","volume":"21","author":"F Langlois","year":"2018","unstructured":"Langlois F, Lim DST, Yedinak CG, Cetas I, McCartney S, Cetas J et al (2018) Predictors of silent corticotroph adenoma recurrence; a large retrospective single center study and systematic literature review. Pituitary 21(1):32\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-017-0844-4","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000095524","volume":"83","author":"E Horvath","year":"2006","unstructured":"Horvath E, Kovacs K (2006) Pathology of acromegaly. Neuroendocrinology 83(3\u20134):161\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000095524","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.1.8027215","volume":"79","author":"S Ezzat","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ezzat S, Horvath E, Harris AG, Kovacs K (1994) Morphological effects of octreotide on growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79(1):113\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.79.1.8027215","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-020-01075-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-020-01075-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-020-01075-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:46:47Z","timestamp":1630457207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-020-01075-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-020-01075-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"MF reports serving as an investigator with research grants to Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) for Chiasma, Crinetics, Ionis; and serving as an occasional consultant to Chiasma, Crinetics, Ionis, Pfizer. All other authors have no conflict to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was received.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"A waiver of subject consent was approved. All authors approve the submission.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}