{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:33:19Z","timestamp":1788669199078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01239-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T17:02:32Z","timestamp":1655398952000},"page":"551-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Surgical strategies in the treatment of MR-negative Cushing\u2019s Disease: a systematic review and treatment algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0869-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Fraser","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4464-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore H.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90027-2","volume":"13","author":"CM Plotz","year":"1952","unstructured":"Plotz CM, Knowlton AI, Ragan C (1952) The natural history of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Am J Med 13(5):597\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90027-2","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0567-8","volume":"18","author":"G Aranda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aranda G et al (2015) Long-term remission and recurrence rate in a cohort of Cushing\u2019s disease: the need for long-term follow-up. Pituitary 18(1):142\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0567-8","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1239_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbetta L, Dall\u2019Asta C, Tomei G, Locatelli M, Giovanelli M, Ambrosi B (2001) Assessment of cure and recurrence after pituitary surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease. Acta Neurochir 143(5):477\u2013481; discussion 481\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007010170077.","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010170077"},{"issue":"5","key":"1239_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.JNS162901","volume":"129","author":"SB Carr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carr SB, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Kerr JM, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Wierman ME, Lillehei KO (2018) Negative surgical exploration in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease: benefit of two-thirds gland resection on remission rate and a review of the literature. J Neurosurg 129(5):1260\u20131267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.5.JNS162901","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1239_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01261.x","volume":"54","author":"GH Chee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chee GH, Mathias DB, James RA, Kendall-Taylor P (2001) Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in Cushing\u2019s disease: can we predict outcome? Clin Endocrinol 54(5):617\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01261.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3604","volume":"98","author":"RR Lonser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lonser RR, Wind JJ, Nieman LK, Weil RJ, DeVroom HL, Oldfield EH (2013) Outcome of surgical treatment of 200 CHILDREN with Cushing\u2019s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(3):892\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-3604","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.1.7","volume":"104","author":"EH Oldfield","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oldfield EH, Vortmeyer AO (2006) Development of a histological pseudocapsule and its use as a surgical capsule in the excision of pituitary tumors. J Neurosurg 104(1):7\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2006.104.1.7","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1239_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031908","volume":"89","author":"S Salenave","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salenave S et al (2004) Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings do not influence surgical outcome in adrenocorticotropin-secreting microadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(7):3371\u20133376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2003-031908","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1239_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.12","volume":"7","author":"NA Tritos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tritos NA, Biller BMK, Swearingen B (2011) Management of Cushing disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7(5):279\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2011.12","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1239_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3140-1","volume":"159","author":"H Cebula","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cebula H et al (2017) Efficacy of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease in 230 patients with positive and negative MRI. Acta Neurochir 159(7):1227\u20131236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-017-3140-1","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"11","key":"1239_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04830-2","volume":"163","author":"L Andereggen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andereggen L et al (2021) Lateral one-third gland resection in Cushing patients with failed adenoma identification leads to low remission rates: long-term observations from a small, single-center cohort. Acta Neurochir 163(11):3161\u20133169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04830-2","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x","volume":"76","author":"Y Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun Y et al (2012) Diagnosis and therapy for Cushing\u2019s disease with negative dynamic MRI finding: a single-centre experience. Clin Endocrinol 76(6):868\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04279.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1239_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032180","volume":"89","author":"GD Hammer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hammer GD et al (2004) Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: initial outcome and long-term results. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(12):6348\u20136357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2003-032180","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1239_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1239_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00740","volume":"10","author":"JM Hinojosa-Amaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Varlamov EV, McCartney S, Fleseriu M (2019) Hypercortisolemia recurrence in Cushing\u2019s Disease; a diagnostic challenge. Front Endocrinol 10:740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00740","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1239_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2020-0177","volume":"26","author":"C Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai C et al (2020) Outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery in cushing disease patients with negative pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings: a single-center experience. Endocr Pract Off J Am Coll Endocrinol Am Assoc Clin Endocrinol 26(11):1320\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/EP-2020-0177","journal-title":"Endocr Pract Off J Am Coll Endocrinol Am Assoc Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1239_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0208","volume":"92","author":"N Pouratian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pouratian N, Prevedello DM, Jagannathan J, Lopes MB, Vance ML, Laws ER (2007) Outcomes and management of patients with Cushing\u2019s disease without pathological confirmation of tumor resection after transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(9):3383\u20133388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-0208","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1239_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Semple PL, Vance ML, Findling J, Laws ER (2000) Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: outcome in patients with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan. Neurosurgery 46(3): 553\u2013558; discussion 558\u2013559, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-200003000-00005","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200003000-00005"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.6.0927","volume":"89","author":"JC Watson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watson JC, Shawker TH, Nieman LK, DeVroom HL, Doppman JL, Oldfield EH (1998) Localization of pituitary adenomas by using intraoperative ultrasound in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease and no demonstrable pituitary tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 89(6):927\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1998.89.6.0927","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1239_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.06.033","volume":"77","author":"S Yamada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamada S et al (2012) Surgical management and outcomes in patients with Cushing disease with negative pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. World Neurosurg 77(3\u20134):525\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.06.033","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.4","volume":"23","author":"J Jagannathan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jagannathan J, Sheehan JP, Jane JA (2007) Evaluation and management of Cushing syndrome in cases of negative sellar magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurg Focus 23(3):E3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.4","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101485","volume":"35","author":"JM Hinojosa-Amaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hinojosa-Amaya JM, Cuevas-Ramos D (2021) The definition of remission and recurrence of Cushing\u2019s disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 35(1):101485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101485","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5465","volume":"84","author":"C Invitti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Invitti C, Pecori Giraldi F, de Martin M, Cavagnini F (1999) Diagnosis and management of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study Study Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology on the Pathophysiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84(2):440\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5465","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-6-487","volume":"109","author":"TJ Mampalam","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mampalam TJ, Tyrrell JB, Wilson CB (1988) Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing disease. A report of 216 cases. Ann Intern Med 109(6):487\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-109-6-487","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1239_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.7.8675592","volume":"81","author":"N Sonino","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sonino N, Zielezny M, Fava GA, Fallo F, Boscaro M (1996) Risk factors and long-term outcome in pituitary-dependent Cushing\u2019s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81(7):2647\u20132652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.81.7.8675592","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-2-348","volume":"50","author":"ST Bigos","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bigos ST, Somma M, Rasio E, Eastman RC, Lanthier A, Johnston HH, Hardy J (1980)\u00a0Cushing's disease: management by transsphenoidal pituitary microsurgery.\u00a0\u00a0J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50(2):348\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-50-2-348","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2013","volume":"93","author":"CG Patil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patil CG et al (2008) Late recurrences of Cushing\u2019s disease after initial successful transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(2):358\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.3.JNS163122","volume":"128","author":"Y Grober","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grober Y, Grober H, Wintermark M, Jane JA, Oldfield EH (2018) Comparison of MRI techniques for detecting microadenomas in Cushing\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg 128(4):1051\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.3.JNS163122","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1239_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5134","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1778","volume":"90","author":"D Batista","year":"2005","unstructured":"Batista D et al (2005) Detection of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas by magnetic resonance imaging in children and adolescents with cushing disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(9):5134\u20135140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2004-1778","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03723.x","volume":"72","author":"D Erickson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erickson D et al (2010) 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with and without corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation for the detection of microadenomas in Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 72(6):793\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03723.x","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021438","volume":"88","author":"N Patronas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patronas N et al (2003) Spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state technique is superior to conventional postcontrast spin echo technique for magnetic resonance imaging detection of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88(4):1565\u20131569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2002-021438","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2084","volume":"48","author":"BT Himes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Himes BT, Bhargav AG, Brown DA, Kaufmann TJ, Bancos I, Gompel JJV (2020) Does pituitary compression\/empty sella syndrome contribute to MRI-negative Cushing\u2019s disease? A single-institution experience. Neurosurg Focus 48(6):E3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2084","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020374","volume":"88","author":"V Lefournier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lefournier V et al (2003) Accuracy of bilateral inferior petrosal or cavernous sinuses sampling in predicting the lateralization of Cushing\u2019s disease pituitary microadenoma: influence of catheter position and anatomy of venous drainage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88(1):196\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2002-020374","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1239_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1953","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab012","volume":"106","author":"JE Perlman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perlman JE et al (2021) Pitfalls in performing and interpreting inferior petrosal sinus sampling: personal experience and literature review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(5):e1953\u2013e1967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.7","volume":"23","author":"DF Kelly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kelly DF (2007) Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: a review of success rates, remission predictors, management of failed surgery, and Nelson\u2019s Syndrome. Neurosurg Focus 23(3):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.7","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"11","key":"1239_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.11.7593411","volume":"80","author":"D Bochicchio","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bochicchio D, Losa M, Buchfelder M (1995) Factors influencing the immediate and late outcome of Cushing\u2019s disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery: a retrospective study by the European Cushing\u2019s Disease Survey Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(11):3114\u20133120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.80.11.7593411","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1239_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ciric I, et al (2012) Transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease: experience with 136 patients. Neurosurgery. 70(1):70\u201380; discussion 80\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822dda2c.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822dda2c"},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688507800404","volume":"78","author":"IR Brand","year":"1985","unstructured":"Brand IR, Dalton GA, Fletcher RF (1985) Long-term follow up of trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy for Cushing\u2019s disease. J R Soc Med 78(4):291\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107688507800404","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"1239_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Fleseriu M, Delashaw J, Ciric I, Couldwell W (2007) Treatment options for cushing disease after unsuccessful surgery. Medscape Neurosurg. Focus. [Online]. http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/566309. Accessed 27 March 2022","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2007.23.3.10"},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.4.7399","volume":"86","author":"A Vella","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vella A, Thompson GB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Farley DR, Young WF (2001) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(4):1596\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.86.4.7399","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1328","volume":"92","author":"G Assi\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Assi\u00e9 G et al (2007) Corticotroph tumor progression after adrenalectomy in Cushing\u2019s disease: a reappraisal of Nelson\u2019s Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(1):172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1328","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.3.8077377","volume":"79","author":"L Kemink","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kemink L, Pieters G, Hermus A, Smals A, Kloppenborg P (1994) Patient\u2019s age is a simple predictive factor for the development of Nelson\u2019s syndrome after total adrenalectomy for Cushing\u2019s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79(3):887\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.79.3.8077377","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.4.0678","volume":"102","author":"JP Sheehan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sheehan JP et al (2005) Stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: an intermediate review of its safety, efficacy, and role in the neurosurgical treatment armamentarium. J Neurosurg 102(4):678\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2005.102.4.0678","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2067","volume":"48","author":"K Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang K et al (2020) Surgical outcomes and multidisciplinary management strategy of Cushing\u2019s disease: a single-center experience in China. Neurosurg Focus 48(6):E7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2067","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-022-01239-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-022-01239-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-022-01239-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T10:22:13Z","timestamp":1659435733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-022-01239-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-022-01239-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All patient data in this retrospective review was used in compliance with national ethical guidelines of the United States.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No human subjects were involved in the conducting of this literature review.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"No human subjects were involved in the conducting of this literature review.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}