{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:45:21Z","timestamp":1793832321239,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pit-1 tumours are derived from neoplastic cells of either somatotroph, lactotroph or thyrotroph cell lineages, but there are also distinct mixed tumours and plurihormonal tumours within this category as described within the 2022 edition of the WHO classification of pituitary tumours. Plurihormonal tumours and thyrotroph adenomas are transcriptionally similar and grouped together to discuss in this review, although it is clear an immature type of plurihormonal tumour exists which are more commonly associated with refractory disease. Management of residual or recurrent disease should follow that of other aggressive pituitary tumours, although a trial of somatostatin analogue therapy is certainly warranted before considering temozolomide therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01312-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T02:01:46Z","timestamp":1682733706000},"page":"182-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Refractory Pit1 plurihormonal tumours and thyrotroph adenomas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lenders","family":"NF","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"McCormack","family":"AI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","volume":"33","author":"SL Asa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asa SL, Mete O, Perry A, Osamura RY (2022) Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of Pituitary Tumors. Endocr Pathol 33(1):6\u201326","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03514.x","volume":"71","author":"D Erickson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Erickson D, Scheithauer B, Atkinson J, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV et al (2009) Silent subtype 3 pituitary adenoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of the Mayo Clinic experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71(1):92\u201399","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120500323514","volume":"29","author":"E Horvath","year":"2005","unstructured":"Horvath E, Kovacs K, Smyth HS, Cusimano M, Singer W (2005) Silent adenoma subtype 3 of the pituitary\u2013immunohistochemical and ultrastructural classification: a review of 29 cases. Ultrastruct Pathol 29(6):511\u2013524","journal-title":"Ultrastruct Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.151","volume":"29","author":"O Mete","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mete O, Gomez-Hernandez K, Kucharczyk W, Ridout R, Zadeh G, Gentili F et al (2016) Silent subtype 3 pituitary adenomas are not always silent and represent poorly differentiated monomorphous plurihormonal Pit-1 lineage adenomas. Mod Pathol 29(2):131\u2013142","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-010-9120-0","volume":"21","author":"ME Fealey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fealey ME, Scheithauer BW, Horvath E, Erickson D, Kovacs K, McLendon R et al (2010) MGMT immunoexpression in silent subtype 3 pituitary adenomas: possible therapeutic implications. Endocr Pathol 21(3):161\u2013165","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01064-w","volume":"23","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Lynch L, Xing H, Wang Z, Zhu J, Deng K et al (2020) Cosecreting TSH\/GH pituitary adenomas-an 8-year experience in a single tertiary center. Pituitary 23(5):573\u2013581","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"1312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.JNS1471","volume":"121","author":"S Yamada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamada S, Fukuhara N, Horiguchi K, Yamaguchi-Okada M, Nishioka H, Takeshita A et al (2014) Clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic outcomes in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a single-center study of 90 cases. J Neurosurg 121(6):1462\u20131473","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0921-3","volume":"22","author":"G Cossu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cossu G, Daniel RT, Pierzchala K, Berhouma M, Pitteloud N, Lamine F et al (2019) Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes and management. Pituitary 22(1):79\u201388","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.11.002","volume":"37","author":"M Neou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neou M, Villa C, Armignacco R, Jouinot A, Raffin-Sanson ML, Septier A et al (2020) Pangenomic classification of Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Cell 37(1):123\u2013134 e5","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R65","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0162","volume":"185","author":"C De Herdt","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Herdt C, Philipse E, De Block C (2021) ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: a structured review of 535 adult cases. Eur J Endocrinol 185(2):R65\u2013R74","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1312_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0933","volume":"178","author":"A McCormack","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCormack A, Dekkers OM, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Trouillas J, Raverot G et al (2018) Treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas: results of a european Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey 2016. Eur J Endocrinol 178(3):265\u2013276","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1312_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0440","volume":"187","author":"P Burman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burman P, Trouillas J, Losa M, McCormack A, Petersenn S, Popovic V et al (2022) Aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas, characteristics and management of 171 patients. Eur J Endocrinol 187(4):593\u2013605","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR13","first-page":"529","volume":"76","author":"AJ Mixson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mixson AJ, Friedman TC, Katz DA, Feuerstein IM, Taubenberger JK, Colandrea JM et al (1993) Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76(2):529\u2013533","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1312_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02141","volume":"154","author":"RL Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown RL, Muzzafar T, Wollman R, Weiss RE (2006) A pituitary carcinoma secreting TSH and prolactin: a non-secreting adenoma gone awry. Eur J Endocrinol 154(5):639\u2013643","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04288.x","volume":"76","author":"W Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee W, Cheung AS, Freilich R (2012) TSH-secreting pituitary carcinoma with intrathecal drop metastases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76(4):604\u2013606","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbelt U, Schlaffer SM, Buchfelder M, Knappe UJ, Vila G, Micko A et al (2020) Efficacy of Temozolomide Therapy in patients with aggressive pituitary Adenomas and Carcinomas-A german survey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.; 105(3)","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz211"},{"issue":"6","key":"1312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0979","volume":"176","author":"H Lasolle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lasolle H, Cortet C, Castinetti F, Cloix L, Caron P, Delemer B et al (2017) Temozolomide treatment can improve overall survival in aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas. Eur J Endocrinol 176(6):769\u2013777","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1312_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1991-y","volume":"126","author":"M Losa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Losa M, Bogazzi F, Cannavo S, Ceccato F, Curto L, De Marinis L et al (2016) Temozolomide therapy in patients with aggressive pituitary adenomas or carcinomas. J Neurooncol 126(3):519\u2013525","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1312_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4350","volume":"100","author":"D Bengtsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bengtsson D, Schroder HD, Andersen M, Maiter D, Berinder K, Feldt Rasmussen U et al (2015) Long-term outcome and MGMT as a predictive marker in 24 patients with atypical pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas given treatment with temozolomide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(4):1689\u20131698","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725014","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.725014","volume":"12","author":"O Cooper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cooper O, Bonert V, Liu NA, Mamelak AN (2021) Treatment of aggressive pituitary adenomas: a case-based narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:725014","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2019.06.006","volume":"80","author":"OM Capraru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Capraru OM, Gaillard C, Vasiljevic A, Lasolle H, Borson-Chazot F, Raverot V et al (2019) Diagnosis, pathology, and management of TSH-secreting pituitary tumors. A single-center retrospective study of 20 patients from 1981 to 2014. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 80(4):216\u2013224","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1084-y","volume":"126","author":"J Trouillas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trouillas J, Roy P, Sturm N, Dantony E, Cortet-Rudelli C, Viennet G et al (2013) A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up. Acta Neuropathol 126(1):123\u2013135","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01066-x","volume":"42","author":"P Beck-Peccoz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beck-Peccoz P, Giavoli C, Lania A (2019) A 2019 update on TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest 42(12):1401\u20131406","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.02.038","volume":"21","author":"A Gruszka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gruszka A, Zielinski GM, Kunert-Radek J (2014) Preoperative long-acting octreotide treatment for invasive thyrotropin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma after previous radioiodine thyroid ablation. J Clin Neurosci 21(2):340\u2013342","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0098","volume":"157","author":"T Kienitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kienitz T, Quinkler M, Strasburger CJ, Ventz M (2007) Long-term management in five cases of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: a single center study and review of the literature. Eur J Endocrinol 157(1):39\u201346","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.2.5505","volume":"84","author":"F Brucker-Davis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brucker-Davis F, Oldfield EH, Skarulis MC, Doppman JL, Weintraub BD (1999) Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors: diagnostic criteria, thyroid hormone sensitivity, and treatment outcome in 25 patients followed at the National Institutes of Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84(2):476\u2013486","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1312_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01541.x","volume":"56","author":"LA Tannahill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tannahill LA, Visser TJ, McCabe CJ, Kachilele S, Boelaert K, Sheppard MC et al (2002) Dysregulation of iodothyronine deiodinase enzyme expression and function in human pituitary tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 56(6):735\u2013743","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1312_CR28","first-page":"5572","volume":"86","author":"S Ando","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ando S, Sarlis NJ, Oldfield EH, Yen PM (2001) Somatic mutation of TRbeta can cause a defect in negative regulation of TSH in a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(11):5572\u20135576","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2261","volume":"102","author":"S Sapkota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sapkota S, Horiguchi K, Tosaka M, Yamada S, Yamada M (2017) Whole-exome sequencing study of Thyrotropin-Secreting pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(2):566\u2013575","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck-Peccoz P, Lania A, Beckers A, Chatterjee K, Wemeau JL (2013) European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. Eur Thyroid J. 2013;2(2):76\u201382","DOI":"10.1159\/000351007"},{"issue":"6","key":"1312_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4376","volume":"99","author":"E Malchiodi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malchiodi E, Profka E, Ferrante E, Sala E, Verrua E, Campi I et al (2014) Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: outcome of pituitary surgery and irradiation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(6):2069\u20132076","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1312_CR32","first-page":"3084","volume":"81","author":"M Losa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Losa M, Giovanelli M, Persani L, Mortini P, Faglia G, Beck-Peccoz P (1996) Criteria of cure and follow-up of central hyperthyroidism due to thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81(8):3084\u20133090","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1312_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen HE, Ceylan EC, Atayev S, Sozen M, Bayrak BY, Cetinarslan B et al (2022) The endoscopic endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach for Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: single-center experience and clinical outcomes of 49 patients. World Neurosurg","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.09.027"},{"issue":"2","key":"1312_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-010-0271-2","volume":"14","author":"F Gatto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gatto F, Barbieri F, Castelletti L, Arvigo M, Pattarozzi A, Annunziata F et al (2011) In vivo and in vitro response to octreotide LAR in a TSH-secreting adenoma: characterization of somatostatin receptor expression and role of subtype 5. Pituitary 14(2):141\u2013147","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"1","key":"1312_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K06-133","volume":"54","author":"A Yoshihara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoshihara A, Isozaki O, Hizuka N, Nozoe Y, Harada C, Ono M et al (2007) Expression of type 5 somatostatin receptor in TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: a possible marker for predicting long-term response to octreotide therapy. Endocr J 54(1):133\u2013138","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1312_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347536","volume":"27","author":"M Filopanti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Filopanti M, Ballare E, Lania AG, Bondioni S, Verga U, Locatelli M et al (2004) Loss of heterozygosity at the SS receptor type 5 locus in human GH- and TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest 27(10):937\u2013942","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"1312_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-3-542","volume":"59","author":"P Chanson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chanson P, Orgiazzi J, Derome PJ, Bression D, Jedynak CP, Trouillas J et al (1984) Paradoxical response of thyrotropin to L-dopa and presence of dopaminergic receptors in a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 59(3):542\u2013546","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"1312_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E280","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0441","volume":"95","author":"ZM Bush","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bush ZM, Longtine JA, Cunningham T, Schiff D, Jane JA Jr, Vance ML et al (2010) Temozolomide treatment for aggressive pituitary tumors: correlation of clinical outcome with O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and expression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(11):E280\u2013E290","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-023-01312-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-023-01312-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-023-01312-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T03:33:07Z","timestamp":1686195187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-023-01312-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-023-01312-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 March 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interest"}}]}}