{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:47:07Z","timestamp":1786981627982,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG071870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG071870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG074092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG074092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG073148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG073148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG060917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG060917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01437-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T07:01:57Z","timestamp":1722668517000},"page":"761-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neuroendocrinology of bone"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Se-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhath","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funda","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Rojekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Pallapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Lizneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford J.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mone","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1437_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0044","volume":"30","author":"G Kleinau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kleinau G, Krause G (2009) Thyrotropin and homologous glycoprotein hormone receptors: structural and functional aspects of extracellular signaling mechanisms. Endocr Rev 30:133\u2013151","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1437_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216234","volume":"110","author":"T Davies","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davies T, Marians R, Latif R (2002) The TSH receptor reveals itself. J Clin Invest 110:161\u2013164","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.1059","volume":"8","author":"M Inoue","year":"1998","unstructured":"Inoue M, Tawata M, Yokomori N, Endo T, Onaya T (1998) Expression of thyrotropin receptor on clonal osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cells. Thyroid 8:1059\u20131064","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1437_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070302","volume":"22","author":"TK Sampath","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sampath TK, Simic P, Sendak R, Draca N, Bowe AE, O\u2019Brien S, Schiavi SC, McPherson JM, Vukicevic S (2007) Thyroid-stimulating hormone restores bone volume, microarchitecture, and strength in aged ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 22:849\u2013859","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.051","volume":"125","author":"L Sun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sun L, Peng Y, Sharrow AC, Iqbal J, Zhang Z, Papachristou DJ, Zaidi S, Zhu LL, Yaroslavskiy BB, Zhou H, Zallone A, Sairam MR, Kumar TR, Bo W, Braun J, Cardoso-Landa L, Schaffler MB, Moonga BS, Blair HC, Zaidi M (2006) FSH directly regulates bone mass. Cell 125:247\u2013260","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1437_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-003-0108-3","volume":"74","author":"JA Tsai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsai JA, Janson A, Bucht E, Kindmark H, Marcus C, Stark A, Zemack HR, Torring O (2004) Weak evidence of thyrotropin receptors in primary cultures of human osteoblast-like cells. Calcif Tissue Int 74:486\u2013491","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1437_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4919","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2234","volume":"154","author":"R Baliram","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baliram R, Chow A, Huber AK, Collier L, Ali MR, Morshed SA, Latif R, Teixeira A, Merad M, Liu L, Sun L, Blair HC, Zaidi M, Davies TF (2013) Thyroid and bone: macrophage-derived TSH-beta splice variant increases murine osteoblastogenesis. Endocrinology 154:4919\u20134926","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1974","volume":"157","author":"R Baliram","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baliram R, Latif R, Morshed SA, Zaidi M, Davies TF (2016) T3 Regulates a human macrophage-derived TSH-beta splice variant: implications for human bone biology. Endocrinology 157:3658\u20133667","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(89)90150-0","volume":"64","author":"DV Harbour","year":"1989","unstructured":"Harbour DV, Kruger TE, Coppenhaver D, Smith EM, Meyer WJ 3rd (1989) Differential expression and regulation of thyrotropin (TSH) in T cell lines. Mol Cell Endocrinol 64:229\u2013241","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6010","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.19.6010","volume":"80","author":"EM Smith","year":"1983","unstructured":"Smith EM, Phan M, Kruger TE, Coppenhaver DH, Blalock JE (1983) Human lymphocyte production of immunoreactive thyrotropin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80:6010\u20136013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.69","volume":"10","author":"BH Vincent","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vincent BH, Montufar-Solis D, Teng BB, Amendt BA, Schaefer J, Klein JR (2009) Bone marrow cells produce a novel TSHbeta splice variant that is upregulated in the thyroid following systemic virus infection. Genes Immun 10:18\u201326","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"1437_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC04897H","volume":"8","author":"Y Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng Y, Zhu S, Antaris AL, Chen H, Xiao Y, Lu X, Jiang L, Diao S, Yu K, Wang Y, Herraiz S, Yue J, Hong X, Hong G, Cheng Z, Dai H, Hsueh AJ (2017) Live imaging of follicle stimulating hormone receptors in gonads and bones using near infrared II fluorophore. Chem Sci 8:3703\u20133711","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"1437_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718144115","volume":"115","author":"Y Ji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ji Y, Liu P, Yuen T, Haider S, He J, Romero R, Chen H, Bloch M, Kim SM, Lizneva D, Munshi L, Zhou C, Lu P, Iqbal J, Cheng Z, New MI, Hsueh AJ, Bian Z, Rosen CJ, Sun L, Zaidi M (2018) Epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies to FSHbeta increase bone mass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:2192\u20132197","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1325670","volume":"257","author":"KG Mountjoy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Mortrud MT, Cone RD (1992) The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science 257:1248\u20131251","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1437_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.01.020","volume":"36","author":"Q Zhong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhong Q, Sridhar S, Ruan L, Ding KH, Xie D, Insogna K, Kang B, Xu J, Bollag RJ, Isales CM (2005) Multiple melanocortin receptors are expressed in bone cells. Bone 36:820\u2013831","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00031","volume":"8","author":"HS Knobloch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knobloch HS, Grinevich V (2014) Evolution of oxytocin pathways in the brain of vertebrates. Front Behav Neurosci 8:31","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1437_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2013.02.017","volume":"67","author":"K Yamashita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamashita K, Kitano T (2013) Molecular evolution of the oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system in eutherians. Mol Phylogenet Evol 67:520\u2013528","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"1437_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.629","volume":"81","author":"G Gimpl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F (2001) The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev 81:629\u2013683","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1437_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2008-0127","volume":"26","author":"C Elabd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elabd C, Basillais A, Beaupied H, Breuil V, Wagner N, Scheideler M, Zaragosi LE, Massiera F, Lemichez E, Trajanoski Z, Carle G, Euller-Ziegler L, Ailhaud G, Benhamou CL, Dani C, Amri EZ (2008) Oxytocin controls differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and reverses osteoporosis. Stem Cells 26:2399\u20132407","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"1437_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523762113","volume":"113","author":"L Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun L, Tamma R, Yuen T, Colaianni G, Ji Y, Cuscito C, Bailey J, Dhawan S, Lu P, Calvano CD, Zhu LL, Zambonin CG, Di Benedetto A, Stachnik A, Liu P, Grano M, Colucci S, Davies TF, New MI, Zallone A, Zaidi M (2016) Functions of vasopressin and oxytocin in bone mass regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:164\u2013169","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901890106","volume":"106","author":"R Tamma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tamma R, Colaianni G, Zhu LL, DiBenedetto A, Greco G, Montemurro G, Patano N, Strippoli M, Vergari R, Mancini L, Colucci S, Grano M, Faccio R, Liu X, Li J, Usmani S, Bachar M, Bab I, Nishimori K, Young LJ, Buettner C, Iqbal J, Sun L, Zaidi M, Zallone A (2009) Oxytocin is an anabolic bone hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:7149\u20137154","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318257110","volume":"110","author":"R Tamma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamma R, Sun L, Cuscito C, Lu P, Corcelli M, Li J, Colaianni G, Moonga SS, Di Benedetto A, Grano M, Colucci S, Yuen T, New MI, Zallone A, Zaidi M (2013) Regulation of bone remodeling by vasopressin explains the bone loss in hyponatremia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:18644\u201318649","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.06.158","volume":"411","author":"G Colaianni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colaianni G, Di Benedetto A, Zhu LL, Tamma R, Li J, Greco G, Peng Y, Dell\u2019Endice S, Zhu G, Cuscito C, Grano M, Colucci S, Iqbal J, Yuen T, Sun L, Zaidi M, Zallone A (2011) Regulated production of the pituitary hormone oxytocin from murine and human osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 411:512\u2013515","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1437_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29159","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.365049","volume":"287","author":"G Colaianni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Colaianni G, Sun L, Di Benedetto A, Tamma R, Zhu LL, Cao J, Grano M, Yuen T, Colucci S, Cuscito C, Mancini L, Li J, Nishimori K, Bab I, Lee HJ, Iqbal J, Young WS 3rd, Rosen C, Zallone A, Zaidi M (2012) Bone marrow oxytocin mediates the anabolic action of estrogen on the skeleton. J Biol Chem 287:29159\u201329167","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1437_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01860.x","volume":"42","author":"SA Beshyah","year":"1995","unstructured":"Beshyah SA, Freemantle C, Thomas E, Rutherford O, Page B, Murphy M, Johnston DG (1995) Abnormal body composition and reduced bone mass in growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 42:179\u2013189","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR26","first-page":"669","volume":"78","author":"SJ Holmes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holmes SJ, Economou G, Whitehouse RW, Adams JE, Shalet SM (1994) Reduced bone mineral density in patients with adult onset growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:669\u2013674","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR27","first-page":"118","volume":"74","author":"JEAN-MARC Kaufman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kaufman JEAN-MARC, Taelman PAUL, Vermeulen A, Vandeweghe M (1992) Bone mineral status in growth hormone-deficient males with isolated and multiple pituitary deficiencies of childhood onset. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74:118\u2013123","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR28","first-page":"201","volume":"129","author":"T Ros\u00e9n","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ros\u00e9n T, Hansson T, Granhed H, Szucs J, Bengtsson BA (1993) Reduced bone mineral content in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 129:201\u2013206","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"1437_CR29","first-page":"1462","volume":"82","author":"AA Toogood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Toogood AA, Adams JE, O\u2019Neill PA, Shalet SM (1997) Elderly patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency are not osteopenic. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1462\u20131466","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03786-4","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Chen M, Xu H, Zhen Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Duan L, Gong F, Zhu H, Pan H (2024) Bone mineral density in adults growth hormone deficiency with different ages of onset: a real-world retrospective study. Endocrine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-024-03786-4","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1437_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0897","volume":"91","author":"RD Murray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murray RD, Adams JE, Shalet SM (2006) A densitometric and morphometric analysis of the skeleton in adults with varying degrees of growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:432\u2013438","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02667.x","volume":"65","author":"MF Hitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hitz MF, Jensen JE, Eskildsen PC (2006) Bone mineral density in patients with growth hormone deficiency: does a gender difference exist? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 65:783\u2013791","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080410","volume":"8","author":"H Kotzmann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kotzmann H, Bernecker P, H\u00fcbsch P, Pietschmann P, Woloszczuk W, Svoboda T, Geyer G, Luger A (1993) Bone mineral density and parameters of bone metabolism in patients with acromegaly. J Bone Miner Res 8:459\u2013465","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01622293","volume":"7","author":"MJ Kayath","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kayath MJ, Vieira JG (1997) Osteopenia occurs in a minority of patients with acromegaly and is predominant in the spine. Osteoporos Int 7:226\u2013230","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-005-0649-9","volume":"24","author":"M Bolanowski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bolanowski M, Daroszewski J, Medra\u015b M, Zadrozna-Sliwka B (2006) Bone mineral density and turnover in patients with acromegaly in relation to sex, disease activity, and gonadal function. J Bone Miner Metab 24:72\u201378","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01777.x","volume":"58","author":"A Scillitani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scillitani A, Battista C, Chiodini I, Carnevale V, Fusilli S, Ciccarelli E, Terzolo M, Oppizzi G, Arosio M, Gasperi M, Arnaldi G, Colao A, Baldelli R, Ghiggi MR, Gaia D, Di Somma C, Trischitta V, Liuzzi A (2003) Bone mineral density in acromegaly: the effect of gender, disease activity and gonadal status. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 58:725\u2013731","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.10.1729","volume":"12","author":"A Scillitani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Scillitani A, Chiodini I, Carnevale V, Giannatempo GM, Frusciante V, Villella M, Pileri M, Guglielmi G, Di Giorgio A, Modoni S, Fusilli S, Di Cerbo A, Liuzzi A (1997) Skeletal involvement in female acromegalic subjects: the effects of growth hormone excess in amenorrheal and menstruating patients. J Bone Miner Res 12:1729\u20131736","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-35-4-543","volume":"35","author":"JF Aloia","year":"1972","unstructured":"Aloia JF, Roginsky MS, Jowsey J, Dombrowski CS, Shukla KK, Cohn SH (1972) Skeletal metabolism and body composition in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35:543\u2013551","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR39","first-page":"18","volume":"97","author":"J Halse","year":"1981","unstructured":"Halse J, Melsen F, Mosekilde L (1981) Iliac crest bone mass and remodelling in acromegaly. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 97:18\u201322","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"1437_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555871","volume":"48","author":"HK Nielsen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen HK, J\u00f8rgensen JO, Brixen K, Christiansen JS (1991) Serum osteocalcin and bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase in growth hormone-deficient patients: dose-response studies with biosynthetic human GH. Calcif Tissue Int 48:82\u201387","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1437_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348952","volume":"16","author":"A Sartorio","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sartorio A, Conti A, Monzani M, Morabito F, Faglia G (1993) Growth hormone treatment in adults with GH deficiency: effects on new biochemical markers of bone and collagen turnover. J Endocrinol Invest 16:893\u2013898","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR42","first-page":"1344","volume":"76","author":"DJ O\u2019Halloran","year":"1993","unstructured":"O\u2019Halloran DJ, Tsatsoulis A, Whitehouse RW, Holmes SJ, Adams JE, Shalet SM (1993) Increased bone density after recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy in adults with isolated GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:1344\u20131348","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR43","first-page":"82","volume":"82","author":"AF Attanasio","year":"1997","unstructured":"Attanasio AF, Lamberts SW, Matranga AM, Birkett MA, Bates PC, Valk NK, Hilsted J, Bengtsson BA, Strasburger CJ (1997) Adult growth hormone (GH)-deficient patients demonstrate heterogeneity between childhood onset and adult onset before and during human GH treatment. Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:82\u201388","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-49-2-185","volume":"49","author":"JM Gertner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gertner JM, Horst RL, Broadus AE, Rasmussen H, Genel M (1979) Parathyroid function and vitamin D metabolism during human growth hormone replacement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49:185\u2013188","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00952-3","volume":"32","author":"AM Ahmad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahmad AM, Hopkins MT, Fraser WD, Ooi CG, Durham BH, Vora JP (2003) Parathyroid hormone secretory pattern, circulating activity, and effect on bone turnover in adult growth hormone deficiency. Bone 32:170\u2013179","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108831","volume":"60","author":"AE Broadus","year":"1977","unstructured":"Broadus AE, Mahaffey JE, Bartter FC, Neer RM (1977) Nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate as a parathyroid function test. J Clin Invest 60:771\u2013783","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E986","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00325.2003","volume":"286","author":"AM Ahmad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahmad AM, Hopkins MT, Thomas J, Durham BH, Fraser WD, Vora JP (2004) Parathyroid responsiveness to hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic stimuli in adult growth hormone deficiency after growth hormone replacement. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E986\u2013E993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070715","volume":"22","author":"HD White","year":"2007","unstructured":"White HD, Ahmad AM, Durham BH, Peter R, Prabhakar VK, Corlett P, Vora JP, Fraser WD (2007) PTH circadian rhythm and PTH target-organ sensitivity is altered in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency with low BMD. J Bone Miner Res 22:1798\u20131807","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/345078a0","volume":"345","author":"TM DeChiara","year":"1990","unstructured":"DeChiara TM, Efstratiadis A, Robertson EJ (1990) A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature 345:78\u201380","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1437_CR50","first-page":"59","volume":"75","author":"JP Liu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liu JP, Baker J, Perkins AS, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A (1993) Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r). Cell 75:59\u201372","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1437_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.9.8400","volume":"142","author":"HW Davey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davey HW, Xie T, McLachlan MJ, Wilkins RJ, Waxman DJ, Grattan DR (2001) STAT5b is required for GH-induced liver IGF-I gene expression. Endocrinology 142:3836\u20133841","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10753","volume":"106","author":"NA Sims","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sims NA, Cl\u00e9ment-Lacroix P, Da Ponte F, Bouali Y, Binart N, Moriggl R, Goffin V, Coschigano K, Gaillard-Kelly M, Kopchick J, Baron R, Kelly PA (2000) Bone homeostasis in growth hormone receptor-null mice is restored by IGF-I but independent of Stat5. J Clin Invest 106:1095\u20131103","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81444-0","volume":"93","author":"S Teglund","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teglund S, McKay C, Schuetz E, van Deursen JM, Stravopodis D, Wang D, Brown M, Bodner S, Grosveld G, Ihle JN (1998) Stat5a and Stat5b proteins have essential and nonessential, or redundant, roles in cytokine responses. Cell 93:841\u2013850","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1437_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-2-807","volume":"127","author":"M Ernst","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ernst M, Rodan GA (1990) Increased activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in osteoblastic cells in the presence of growth hormone (GH): positive correlation with the presence of the GH-induced IGF-binding protein BP-3. Endocrinology 127:807\u2013814","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215463","volume":"110","author":"S Yakar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yakar S, Rosen CJ, Beamer WG, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Wu Y, Liu JL, Ooi GT, Setser J, Frystyk J, Boisclair YR, LeRoith D (2002) Circulating levels of IGF-1 directly regulate bone growth and density. J Clin Invest 110:771\u2013781","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7324","volume":"96","author":"S Yakar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yakar S, Liu JL, Stannard B, Butler A, Accili D, Sauer B, LeRoith D (1999) Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7324\u20137329","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00022.2007","volume":"30","author":"KE Govoni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Govoni KE, Lee SK, Chung YS, Behringer RR, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Mohan S (2007) Disruption of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in type IIalphaI collagen-expressing cells reduces bone length and width in mice. Physiol Genomics 30:354\u2013362","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"1437_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070517","volume":"22","author":"Y Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang Y, Nishida S, Boudignon BM, Burghardt A, Elalieh HZ, Hamilton MM, Majumdar S, Halloran BP, Clemens TL, Bikle DD (2007) IGF-I receptor is required for the anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone on bone. J Bone Miner Res 22:1329\u20131337","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44005","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208265200","volume":"277","author":"M Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang M, Xuan S, Bouxsein ML, von Stechow D, Akeno N, Faugere MC, Malluche H, Zhao G, Rosen CJ, Efstratiadis A, Clemens TL (2002) Osteoblast-specific knockout of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor gene reveals an essential role of IGF signaling in bone matrix mineralization. J Biol Chem 277:44005\u201344012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1437_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.7.7585","volume":"141","author":"G Zhao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhao G, Monier-Faugere MC, Langub MC, Geng Z, Nakayama T, Pike JW, Chernausek SD, Rosen CJ, Donahue LR, Malluche HH, Fagin JA, Clemens TL (2000) Targeted overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I to osteoblasts of transgenic mice: increased trabecular bone volume without increased osteoblast proliferation. Endocrinology 141:2674\u20132682","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.5.836","volume":"18","author":"M Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang M, Faugere MC, Malluche H, Rosen CJ, Chernausek SD, Clemens TL (2003) Paracrine overexpression of IGFBP-4 in osteoblasts of transgenic mice decreases bone turnover and causes global growth retardation. J Bone Miner Res 18:836\u2013843","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220129","volume":"143","author":"RD Devlin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Devlin RD, Du Z, Buccilli V, Jorgetti V, Canalis E (2002) Transgenic mice overexpressing insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 display transiently decreased osteoblastic function and osteopenia. Endocrinology 143:3955\u20133962","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3109\/08977190903299270","volume":"27","author":"K De Jesus","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Jesus K, Wang X, Liu JL (2009) A general IGF-I overexpression effectively rescued somatic growth and bone deficiency in mice caused by growth hormone receptor knockout. Growth Factors 27:438\u2013447","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"1437_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1800247","volume":"180","author":"J Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhou J, Cheng CM, Kopchick JJ, Bondy CA (2004) Evidence supporting dual, IGF-I-independent and IGF-I-dependent, roles for GH in promoting longitudinal bone growth. J Endocrinol 180:247\u2013255","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9975","volume":"229","author":"F Lupu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lupu F, Terwilliger JD, Lee K, Segre GV, Efstratiadis A (2001) Roles of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in mouse postnatal growth. Dev Biol 229:141\u2013162","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"1437_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090723","volume":"25","author":"JC Fritton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fritton JC, Emerton KB, Sun H, Kawashima Y, Mejia W, Wu Y, Rosen CJ, Panus D, Bouxsein M, Majeska RJ, Schaffler MB, Yakar S (2010) Growth hormone protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in states of low circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). J Bone Miner Res 25:235\u2013246","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-5-1289","volume":"98","author":"SR Lancer","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lancer SR, Bowser EN, Hargis GK (1976) The effect of growth hormone on parathyroid function in rats. Endocrinology 98:1289\u20131293","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322238854","volume":"13","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L (2003) Hyperthyroidism, bone mineral, and fracture risk\u2013a meta-analysis. Thyroid 13:585\u2013593","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1437_CR69","volume-title":"Virchow Festschrift","author":"FD von Recklinghausen","year":"1891","unstructured":"von Recklinghausen FD (1891) Die fibr\u00f6se oder deformierende Ostitis, die Osteomalacie und die osteoplastische Carcinose in ihren gegenseitigen Beziehungen. In: Virchow Rudolf (ed) Virchow Festschrift. George Reimer, Berlin"},{"key":"1437_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00097-5","volume":"21","author":"EO Abu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Abu EO, Bord S, Horner A, Chatterjee VK, Compston JE (1997) The expression of thyroid hormone receptors in human bone. Bone 21:137\u2013142","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0033","volume":"21","author":"JH Bassett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bassett JH, O\u2019Shea PJ, Sriskantharajah S, Rabier B, Boyde A, Howell PG, Weiss RE, Roux JP, Malaval L, Clement-Lacroix P, Samarut J, Chassande O, Williams GR (2007) Thyroid hormone excess rather than thyrotropin deficiency induces osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism. Mol Endocrinol 21:1095\u20131107","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.1.8275930","volume":"134","author":"JM Britto","year":"1994","unstructured":"Britto JM, Fenton AJ, Holloway WR, Nicholson GC (1994) Osteoblasts mediate thyroid hormone stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption. Endocrinology 134:169\u2013176","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90098-3","volume":"35","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rizzoli R, Poser J, B\u00fcrgi U (1986) Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in cultured bone cells. Metabolism 35:71\u201374","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1437_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-5-1873","volume":"120","author":"K Sato","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sato K, Han DC, Fujii Y, Tsushima T, Shizume K (1987) Thyroid hormone stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured rat osteoblastic cells (ROS 17\/2.8) through 3,5,3\u2019-triiodo-L-thyronine nuclear receptors. Endocrinology 120:1873\u20131881","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00771-2","volume":"115","author":"E Abe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abe E, Marians RC, Yu W, Wu XB, Ando T, Li Y, Iqbal J, Eldeiry L, Rajendren G, Blair HC, Davies TF, Zaidi M (2003) TSH is a negative regulator of skeletal remodeling. Cell 115:151\u2013162","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1437_CR76","first-page":"e4809","volume":"106","author":"SM Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim SM, Ryu V, Miyashita S, Korkmaz F, Lizneva D, Gera S, Latif R, Davies TF, Iqbal J, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2021) Thyrotropin, hyperthyroidism, and bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106:e4809\u2013e4821","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2244","volume":"29","author":"B Abrahamsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abrahamsen B, Jorgensen HL, Laulund AS, Nybo M, Brix TH, Hegedus L (2014) Low serum thyrotropin level and duration of suppression as a predictor of major osteoporotic fractures-the OPENTHYRO register cohort. J Bone Miner Res 29:2040\u20132050","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00009","volume":"134","author":"DC Bauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauer DC, Ettinger B, Nevitt MC, Stone KL, Group Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research (2001) Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Ann Intern Med 134:561\u2013568","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1437_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02422.x","volume":"64","author":"DJ Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim DJ, Khang YH, Koh JM, Shong YK, Kim GS (2006) Low normal TSH levels are associated with low bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 64:86\u201390","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.0325","volume":"7","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Kim KM, Lee EY, Song MK, Kang DR, Kim HC, Youm Y, Yun YM, Park HY, Kim CO, Rhee Y (2016) Low normal TSH levels are associated with impaired BMD and hip geometry in the elderly. Aging Dis 7:734\u2013743","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"1437_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.12.001","volume":"40","author":"MS Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris MS (2007) The association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in its reference range and bone status in postmenopausal American women. Bone 40:1128\u20131134","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2906-z","volume":"26","author":"HM Noh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noh HM, Park YS, Lee J, Lee W (2015) A cross-sectional study to examine the correlation between serum TSH levels and the osteoporosis of the lumbar spine in healthy women with normal thyroid function. Osteoporos Int 26:997\u20131003","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03016.x","volume":"68","author":"WM van der Deure","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Deure WM, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Pols HA, Peeters RP, Visser TJ (2008) Effects of serum TSH and FT4 levels and the TSHR-Asp727Glu polymorphism on bone: the Rotterdam study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 68:175\u2013181","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1774","volume":"28","author":"AC Waring","year":"2013","unstructured":"Waring AC, Harrison S, Fink HA, Samuels MH, Cawthon PM, Zmuda JM, Orwoll ES, Bauer DC, Study Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (2013) A prospective study of thyroid function, bone loss, and fractures in older men: The MrOS study. J Bone Miner Res 28:472\u2013479","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1527-8","volume":"15","author":"C Meier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meier C, Beat M, Guglielmetti M, Christ-Crain M, Staub JJ, Kraenzlin M (2004) Restoration of euthyroidism accelerates bone turnover in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 15:209\u2013216","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116404","volume":"161","author":"AE B\u00fcchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"B\u00fcchi AE, Feller M, Netzer S, Blum MR, Gonzalez Rodriguez E, Collet TH, Del Giovane C, van Heemst D, Quinn T, Kearney PM, Westendorp RGJ, Gussekloo J, Mooijaart SP, Hans D, Bauer DC, Rodondi N, Aeberli D (2022) Bone geometry in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism upon levothyroxine therapy: a nested study within a randomized placebo controlled trial. Bone 161:116404","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1051","volume":"99","author":"MC Garin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garin MC, Arnold AM, Lee JS, Robbins J, Cappola AR (2014) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and hip fracture and bone mineral density in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:2657\u20132664","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.424","volume":"170","author":"JS Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee JS, Buzkov\u00e1 P, Fink HA, Vu J, Carbone L, Chen Z, Cauley J, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Robbins J (2010) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and incident hip fracture in older adults. Arch Intern Med 170:1876\u20131883","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1437_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12688","volume":"283","author":"D Segna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Segna D, Bauer DC, Feller M, Schneider C, Fink HA, Aubert CE, Collet TH, da Costa BR, Fischer K, Peeters RP, Cappola AR, Blum MR, van Dorland HA, Robbins J, Naylor K, Eastell R, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira Ramirez F, Gogakos A, Gussekloo J, Williams GR, Schwartz A, Cauley JA, Aujesky DA, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Rodondi N (2018) Association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and change in bone mineral density in prospective cohorts. J Intern Med 283:56\u201372","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1437_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13615","volume":"89","author":"R Siru","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siru R, Alfonso H, Chubb SAP, Golledge J, Flicker L, Yeap BB (2018) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and circulating thyroid hormones are not associated with bone turnover markers or incident hip fracture in older men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 89:93\u201399","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0098-y","volume":"28","author":"H Karga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karga H, Papaioannou G, Polymeris A, Papamichael K, Karpouza A, Samouilidou E, Papaioannou P (2010) The effects of recombinant human TSH on bone turnover in patients after thyroidectomy. J Bone Miner Metab 28:35\u201341","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041126","volume":"20","author":"G Mazziotti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mazziotti G, Sorvillo F, Piscopo M, Cioffi M, Pilla P, Biondi B, Iorio S, Giustina A, Amato G, Carella C (2005) Recombinant human TSH modulates in vivo C-telopeptides of type-1 collagen and bone alkaline phosphatase, but not osteoprotegerin production in postmenopausal women monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Bone Miner Res 20:480\u2013486","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0166","volume":"18","author":"G Martini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martini G, Gennari L, De Paola V, Pilli T, Salvadori S, Merlotti D, Valleggi F, Campagna S, Franci B, Avanzati A, Nuti R, Pacini F (2008) The effects of recombinant TSH on bone turnover markers and serum osteoprotegerin and RANKL levels. Thyroid 18:455\u2013460","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1437_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S341","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041107","volume":"20","author":"OME Albagha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Albagha OME, Natarajan R, Reid DM, Ralston SH (2005) The D727E polymorphism of the human thyroid stimulating hormone receptor is associated with bone mineral density and bone loss in women from the UK. J Bone Miner Res 20:S341\u2013S441","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.98588","volume":"4","author":"RD Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu RD, Chen RX, Li WR, Huang YL, Li WH, Cai GR, Zhang H (2012) The Glu727 allele of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene is associated with osteoporosis. N Am J Med Sci 4:300\u2013304","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1437_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3426","volume":"33","author":"NA van Vliet","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Vliet NA, Noordam R, van Klinken JB, Westendorp RG, Bassett JD, Williams GR, van Heemst D (2018) Thyroid stimulating hormone and bone mineral density: evidence from a two-sample mendelian randomization study and a candidate gene association study. J Bone Miner Res 33:1318\u20131325","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1437_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9891","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308336110","volume":"110","author":"L Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun L, Zhu LL, Lu P, Yuen T, Li J, Ma R, Baliram R, Moonga SS, Liu P, Zallone A, New MI, Davies TF, Zaidi M (2013) Genetic confirmation for a central role for TNFalpha in the direct action of thyroid stimulating hormone on the skeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:9891\u20139896","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63948","volume":"122","author":"R Baliram","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baliram R, Sun L, Cao J, Li J, Latif R, Huber AK, Yuen T, Blair HC, Zaidi M, Davies TF (2012) Hyperthyroid-associated osteoporosis is exacerbated by the loss of TSH signaling. J Clin Invest 122:3737\u20133741","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0457","volume":"21","author":"R Ma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ma R, Morshed S, Latif R, Zaidi M, Davies TF (2011) The influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies on osteoclastogenesis. Thyroid 21:897\u2013906","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"1437_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712395105","volume":"105","author":"L Sun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sun L, Vukicevic S, Baliram R, Yang G, Sendak R, McPherson J, Zhu LL, Iqbal J, Latif R, Natrajan A, Arabi A, Yamoah K, Moonga BS, Gabet Y, Davies TF, Bab I, Abe E, Sampath K, Zaidi M (2008) Intermittent recombinant TSH injections prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:4289\u20134294","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606805103","volume":"103","author":"J Iqbal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Sun L, Kumar TR, Blair HC, Zaidi M (2006) Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates TNF production from immune cells to enhance osteoblast and osteoclast formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:14925\u201314930","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12849","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600427103","volume":"103","author":"H Hase","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hase H, Ando T, Eldeiry L, Brebene A, Peng Y, Liu L, Amano H, Davies TF, Sun L, Zaidi M, Abe E (2006) TNFalpha mediates the skeletal effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:12849\u201312854","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0460","volume":"22","author":"K Yamoah","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamoah K, Brebene A, Baliram R, Inagaki K, Dolios G, Arabi A, Majeed R, Amano H, Wang R, Yanagisawa R, Abe E (2008) High-mobility group box proteins modulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in osteoclastogenesis via a novel deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. Mol Endocrinol 22:1141\u20131153","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16277","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110286108","volume":"108","author":"R Baliram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baliram R, Latif R, Berkowitz J, Frid S, Colaianni G, Sun L, Zaidi M, Davies TF (2011) Thyroid-stimulating hormone induces a Wnt-dependent, feed-forward loop for osteoblastogenesis in embryonic stem cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:16277\u201316282","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR105","first-page":"4514","volume":"19","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu C, Miao J, Liu X, Zhao Z, Kou T, Liu J, Wang R, Li L, Dong Q (2019) HPT axis-independent TSH\u03b2 splice variant regulates the synthesis of thyroid hormone in mice. Mol Med Rep 19:4514\u20134522","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"1437_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146111","volume":"11","author":"D Montufar-Solis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montufar-Solis D, Klein JR (2016) Splenic leukocytes traffic to the thyroid and produce a novel TSH\u03b2 isoform during acute listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. PLoS ONE 11:e0146111","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1437_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1567","volume":"71","author":"T van der Poll","year":"1990","unstructured":"van der Poll T, Romijn JA, Wiersinga WM, Sauerwein HP (1990) Tumor necrosis factor: a putative mediator of the sick euthyroid syndrome in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1567\u20131572","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020777","volume":"88","author":"JF Randolph Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Randolph JF Jr, Sowers M, Gold EB, Mohr BA, Luborsky J, Santoro N, McConnell DS, Finkelstein JS, Korenman SG, Matthews KA, Sternfeld B, Lasley BL (2003) Reproductive hormones in the early menopausal transition: relationship to ethnicity, body size, and menopausal status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1516\u20131522","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-002-1329-4","volume":"14","author":"MR Sowers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sowers MR, Greendale GA, Bondarenko I, Finkelstein JS, Cauley JA, Neer RM, Ettinger B (2003) Endogenous hormones and bone turnover markers in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN. Osteoporos Int 14:191\u2013197","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.01.010","volume":"69","author":"E Cheung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheung E, Tsang S, Bow C, Soong C, Yeung S, Loong C, Cheung CL, Kan A, Lo S, Tam S, Tang G, Kung A (2011) Bone loss during menopausal transition among southern Chinese women. Maturitas 69:50\u201356","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1437_CR111","first-page":"2417","volume":"8","author":"B Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang B, Song Y, Chen Y, Wang ES, Zheng D, Qu F, Zhou JH (2015) Correlation analysis for follicle-stimulating hormone and C-terminal cross-linked telopetides of type i collagen in menopausal transition women with osteoporosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:2417\u20132422","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"1437_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0134986","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134986","volume":"10","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang W, Yu C, Zhang X, Zhang H, Guan Q, Zhao J, Xu J (2015) Follicle-Stimulating hormone increases the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis by stimulating osteoclast differentiation. PLoS ONE 10:e0134986","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1437_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0943-9","volume":"21","author":"XY Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu XY, Wu XP, Xie H, Zhang H, Peng YQ, Yuan LQ, Su X, Luo XH, Liao EY (2010) Age-related changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover and gonadotropin levels and their relationship among Chinese adult women. Osteoporos Int 21:275\u2013285","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.09.027","volume":"400","author":"ZR Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu ZR, Wang AH, Wu XP, Zhang H, Sheng ZF, Wu XY, Xie H, Luo XH, Liao EY (2009) Relationship of age-related concentrations of serum FSH and LH with bone mineral density, prevalence of osteoporosis in native Chinese women. Clin Chim Acta 400:8\u201313","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"1437_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9126-5","volume":"82","author":"S Adami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adami S, Bianchi G, Brandi ML, Giannini S, Ortolani S, DiMunno O, Frediani B, Rossini M, Bonturno Study Group (2008) Determinants of bone turnover markers in healthy premenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 82:341\u2013347","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1437_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.09.012","volume":"110","author":"CM Gallagher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gallagher CM, Moonga BS, Kovach JS (2010) Cadmium, follicle-stimulating hormone, and effects on bone in women age 42\u201360 years, NHANES III. Environ Res 110:105\u2013111","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"1437_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1156","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa922","volume":"106","author":"AG Veldhuis-Vlug","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Woods GN, Sigurdsson S, Ewing SK, Le PT, Hue TF, Vittinghoff E, Xu K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Kado DM, Eiriksdottir G, Harris T, Schafer AL, Li X, Zaidi M, Rosen CJ, Schwartz AV (2021) Serum FSH is associated with BMD, bone marrow adiposity, and body composition in the AGES-Reykjavik study of older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106:e1156\u2013e1169","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-004-0495-1","volume":"22","author":"B Devleta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Devleta B, Adem B, Senada S (2004) Hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and bone density: new approach to an old problem. J Bone Miner Metab 22:360\u2013364","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.613972","volume":"28","author":"A Podfigurna-Stopa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Podfigurna-Stopa A, Pludowski P, Jaworski M, Lorenc R, Genazzani AR, Meczekalski B (2012) Skeletal status and body composition in young women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Gynecol Endocrinol 28:299\u2013304","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR120","first-page":"261","volume":"65","author":"D Chrysis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chrysis D, Spiliotis BE, Stene M, Cacciari E, Davenport ML (2006) Gonadotropin secretion in girls with turner syndrome measured by an ultrasensitive immunochemiluminometric assay. Horm Res 65:261\u2013266","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"1437_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq291","volume":"25","author":"CP Hagen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagen CP, Main KM, Kjaergaard S, Juul A (2010) FSH, LH, inhibin B and estradiol levels in turner syndrome depend on age and karyotype: longitudinal study of 70 Turner girls with or without spontaneous puberty. Hum Reprod 25:3134\u20133141","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1437_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb00544.x","volume":"43","author":"MC Davies","year":"1995","unstructured":"Davies MC, Gulekli B, Jacobs HS (1995) Osteoporosis in turner\u2019s syndrome and other forms of primary amenorrhoea. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 43:741\u2013746","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1437_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.07.021","volume":"81","author":"MF Faienza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faienza MF, Brunetti G, Ventura A, Piacente L, Messina MF, De Luca F, Ciccarelli M, Oranger A, Mori G, Natale MP, Gigante M, Ranieri E, Gesualdo L, Colucci S, Cavallo L, Grano M (2015) Mechanisms of enhanced osteoclastogenesis in girls and young women with turner\u2019s syndrome. Bone 81:228\u2013236","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8598","volume":"87","author":"CH Gravholt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gravholt CH, Lauridsen AL, Brixen K, Mosekilde L, Heickendorff L, Christiansen JS (2002) Marked disproportionality in bone size and mineral, and distinct abnormalities in bone markers and calcitropic hormones in adult turner syndrome: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:2798\u20132808","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ23-0628","author":"K Ikegawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ikegawa K, Koga E, Itonaga T, Sakakibara H, Kawai M, Hasegawa Y (2024) Factors associated with low bone mineral density in Turner syndrome: a multicenter prospective observational study. Endocr J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1507\/endocrj.EJ23-0628","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"1437_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1103","volume":"95","author":"MT Drake","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drake MT, McCready LK, Hoey KA, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S (2010) Effects of suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion on bone resorption markers in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:5063\u20135068","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0043","volume":"163","author":"D Rendina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rendina D, Gianfrancesco F, De Filippo G, Merlotti D, Esposito T, Mingione A, Nuti R, Strazzullo P, Mossetti G, Gennari L (2010) FSHR gene polymorphisms influence bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 163:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2012.656160","volume":"15","author":"N Mendoza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mendoza N, Quereda F, Presa J, Salamanca A, Sanchez-Borrego R, Vazquez F, Martinez Astorquiza T (2012) Estrogen-related genes and postmenopausal osteoporosis risk. Climacteric 15:587\u2013593","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"1437_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509358822","volume":"89","author":"S Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu S, Cheng Y, Fan M, Chen D, Bian Z (2010) FSH aggravates periodontitis-related bone loss in ovariectomized rats. J Dent Res 89:366\u2013371","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"1437_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.01.011","volume":"36","author":"S Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu S, Cheng Y, Xu W, Bian Z (2010) Protective effects of follicle-stimulating hormone inhibitor on alveolar bone loss resulting from experimental periapical lesions in ovariectomized rats. J Endod 36:658\u2013663","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"1437_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-011-9565-2","volume":"90","author":"AL Lukefahr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lukefahr AL, Frye JB, Wright LE, Marion SL, Hoyer PB, Funk JL (2012) Decreased bone mineral density in rats rendered follicle-deplete by an ovotoxic chemical correlates with changes in follicle-stimulating hormone and inhibin A. Calcif Tissue Int 90:239\u2013249","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1437_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.112","volume":"394","author":"LJ Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson LJ, Tourkova I, Wang Y, Sharrow AC, Landau MS, Yaroslavskiy BB, Sun L, Zaidi M, Blair HC (2010) FSH-receptor isoforms and FSH-dependent gene transcription in human monocytes and osteoclasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 394:12\u201317","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1437_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.113","volume":"394","author":"L Sun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sun L, Zhang Z, Zhu LL, Peng Y, Liu X, Li J, Agrawal M, Robinson LJ, Iqbal J, Blair HC, Zaidi M (2010) Further evidence for direct pro-resorptive actions of FSH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 394:6\u201311","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1437_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000586","volume":"2","author":"Y Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu Y, Torchia J, Yao W, Lane NE, Lanier LL, Nakamura MC, Humphrey MB (2007) Bone microenvironment specific roles of ITAM adapter signaling during bone remodeling induced by acute estrogen-deficiency. PLoS ONE 2:e586","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1437_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.11.011","volume":"53","author":"JG Cannon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cannon JG, Kraj B, Sloan G (2011) Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes RANK expression on human monocytes. Cytokine 53:141\u2013144","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"1437_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R790","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00728.2009","volume":"298","author":"JG Cannon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cannon JG, Cortez-Cooper M, Meaders E, Stallings J, Haddow S, Kraj B, Sloan G, Mulloy A (2010) Follicle-stimulating hormone, interleukin-1, and bone density in adult women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298:R790\u2013R798","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1437_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2010.04.003","volume":"13","author":"ER Gertz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gertz ER, Silverman NE, Wise KS, Hanson KB, Alekel DL, Stewart JW, Perry CD, Bhupathiraju SN, Kohut ML, Van Loan MD (2010) Contribution of serum inflammatory markers to changes in bone mineral content and density in postmenopausal women: a 1-year investigation. J Clin Densitom 13:277\u2013282","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"1437_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212806109","volume":"109","author":"LL Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu LL, Blair H, Cao J, Yuen T, Latif R, Guo L, Tourkova IL, Li J, Davies TF, Sun L, Bian Z, Rosen C, Zallone A, New MI, Zaidi M (2012) Blocking antibody to the beta-subunit of FSH prevents bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:14574\u201314579","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014588117","volume":"117","author":"S Gera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gera S, Sant D, Haider S, Korkmaz F, Kuo TC, Mathew M, Perez-Pena H, Xie H, Chen H, Batista R, Ma K, Cheng Z, Hadelia E, Robinson C, Macdonald A, Miyashita S, Williams A, Jebian G, Miyashita H, Gumerova A, Ievleva K, Smith P, He J, Ryu V, DeMambro V, Quinn MA, Meseck M, Kim SM, Kumar TR, Iqbal J, New MI, Lizneva D, Rosen CJ, Hsueh AJ, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2020) First-in-class humanized FSH blocking antibody targets bone and fat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:28971\u201328979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M025403","volume":"53","author":"H Cui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cui H, Zhao G, Liu R, Zheng M, Chen J, Wen J (2012) FSH stimulates lipid biosynthesis in chicken adipose tissue by upregulating the expression of its receptor FSHR. J Lipid Res 53:909\u2013917","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1437_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12331","volume":"14","author":"XM Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu XM, Chan HC, Ding GL, Cai J, Song Y, Wang TT, Zhang D, Chen H, Yu MK, Wu YT, Qu F, Liu Y, Lu YC, Adashi EY, Sheng JZ, Huang HF (2015) FSH regulates fat accumulation and redistribution in aging through the Galphai\/Ca(2+)\/CREB pathway. Aging Cell 14:409\u2013420","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"1437_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.018","volume":"26","author":"CH Sponton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sponton CH, Kajimura S (2017) Burning fat and building bone by FSH blockade. Cell Metab 26:285\u2013287","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.10.029","volume":"160","author":"X Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han X, Meng F, Cao X, Du X, Bu G, Kong F, Huang A, Zeng X (2021) FSH promotes fat accumulation by activating PPARgamma signaling in surgically castrated, but not immunocastrated, male pigs. Theriogenology 160:10\u201317","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"1437_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22342","volume":"546","author":"P Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu P, Ji Y, Yuen T, Rendina-Ruedy E, DeMambro VE, Dhawan S, Abu-Amer W, Izadmehr S, Zhou B, Shin AC, Latif R, Thangeswaran P, Gupta A, Li J, Shnayder V, Robinson ST, Yu YE, Zhang X, Yang F, Lu P, Zhou Y, Zhu LL, Oberlin DJ, Davies TF, Reagan MR, Brown A, Kumar TR, Epstein S, Iqbal J, Avadhani NG, New MI, Molina H, van Klinken JB, Guo EX, Buettner C, Haider S, Bian Z, Sun L, Rosen CJ, Zaidi M (2017) Blocking FSH induces thermogenic adipose tissue and reduces body fat. Nature 546:107\u2013112","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1437_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cero C, Lea HJ, Zhu KY, Shamsi F, Tseng YH, Cypess AM (2021) beta3-Adrenergic receptors regulate human brown\/beige adipocyte lipolysis and thermogenesis. JCI Insight. 6","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139160"},{"key":"1437_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031183","volume":"89","author":"JF Randolph Jr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Randolph JF Jr, Sowers M, Bondarenko IV, Harlow SD, Luborsky JL, Little RJ (2004) Change in estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone across the early menopausal transition: effects of ethnicity and age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1555\u20131561","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1393","volume":"92","author":"M Sowers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sowers M, Zheng H, Tomey K, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Jannausch M, Li X, Yosef M, Symons J (2007) Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:895\u2013901","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14609","volume":"123","author":"PB Ostergren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ostergren PB, Kistorp C, Fode M, Bennedbaek FN, Faber J, Sonksen J (2019) Metabolic consequences of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists vs orchiectomy: a randomized clinical study. BJU Int 123:602\u2013611","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"1437_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1337","volume":"88","author":"R Brookmeyer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C (1998) Projections of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. Am J Public Health 88:1337\u20131342","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1437_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160069041","volume":"278","author":"LA Farrer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Farrer LA, Cupples LA, Haines JL, Hyman B, Kukull WA, Mayeux R, Myers RH, Pericak-Vance MA, Risch N, van Duijn CM (1997) Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease. a meta-analysis. APOE and Alzheimer Disease meta analysis consortium. JAMA 278:1349\u20131356","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1437_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.004","volume":"70","author":"DW Fisher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fisher DW, Bennett DA, Dong H (2018) Sexual dimorphism in predisposition to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 70:308\u2013324","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"1437_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9523-8","volume":"11","author":"MEI Koran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koran MEI, Wagener M, Hohman TJ, Neuroimaging IA (2017) Sex differences in the association between AD biomarkers and cognitive decline. Brain Imaging Behav 11:205\u2013213","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"1437_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.54","volume":"6","author":"KR Laws","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laws KR, Irvine K, Gale TM (2016) Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. World J Psychiatry 6:54\u201365","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1437_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.605","volume":"57","author":"S Asthana","year":"2001","unstructured":"Asthana S, Baker LD, Craft S, Stanczyk FZ, Veith RC, Raskind MA, Plymate SR (2001) High-dose estradiol improves cognition for women with AD: results of a randomized study. Neurology 57:605\u2013612","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1437_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1511","volume":"48","author":"PM Doraiswamy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Doraiswamy PM, Bieber F, Kaiser L, Krishnan KR, Reuning-Scherer J, Gulanski B (1997) The Alzheimer\u2019s disease assessment scale: patterns and predictors of baseline cognitive performance in multicenter Alzheimer\u2019s disease trials. Neurology 48:1511\u20131517","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1437_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2959","volume":"291","author":"MA Espeland","year":"2004","unstructured":"Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA, Brunner R, Manson JE, Sherwin BB, Hsia J, Margolis KL, Hogan PE, Wallace R, Dailey M, Freeman R, Hays J, Study Women\u2019s Health Initiative Memory (2004) Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: women\u2019s health initiative memory study. JAMA 291:2959\u20132968","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1437_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440180075009","volume":"156","author":"A Paganini-Hill","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW (1996) Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med 156:2213\u20132217","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1437_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.24.2947","volume":"291","author":"SA Shumaker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L, Rapp SR, Thal L, Lane DS, Fillit H, Stefanick ML, Hendrix SL, Lewis CE, Masaki K, Coker LH, Study Women\u2019s Health Initiative Memory (2004) Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women\u2019s health initiative memory study. JAMA 291:2947\u20132958","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1437_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(96)00764-9","volume":"24","author":"G Molnar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Molnar G, Kassai-Bazsa Z (1997) Gonadotropin, ACTH, prolactin, sexual steroid and cortisol levels in postmenopausal women\u2019s cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 24:269\u2013280","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"1437_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.5.8477671","volume":"132","author":"ZM Lei","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lei ZM, Rao CV, Kornyei JL, Licht P, Hiatt ES (1993) Novel expression of human chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in brain. Endocrinology 132:2262\u20132270","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.79612","author":"V Ryu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryu V, Gumerova A, Korkmaz F, Kang SS, Katsel P, Miyashita S, Kannangara H, Cullen L, Chan P, Kuo T, Padilla A, Sultana F, Wizman SA, Kramskiy N, Zaidi S, Kim SM, New MI, Rosen CJ, Goosens KA, Frolinger T, Haroutunian V, Ye K, Lizneva D, Davies TF, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2022) Brain atlas for glycoprotein hormone receptors at single-transcript level. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.79612","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1437_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04463-0","volume":"603","author":"J Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong J, Kang SS, Wang Z, Liu X, Kuo TC, Korkmaz F, Padilla A, Miyashita S, Chan P, Zhang Z, Katsel P, Burgess J, Gumerova A, Ievleva K, Sant D, Yu SP, Muradova V, Frolinger T, Lizneva D, Iqbal J, Goosens KA, Gera S, Rosen CJ, Haroutunian V, Ryu V, Yuen T, Zaidi M, Ye K (2022) FSH blockade improves cognition in mice with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 603:470\u2013476","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1437_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1808","volume":"98","author":"CN Epperson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Epperson CN, Sammel MD, Freeman EW (2013) Menopause effects on verbal memory: findings from a longitudinal community cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:3829\u20133838","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a71193","volume":"72","author":"GA Greendale","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greendale GA, Huang MH, Wight RG, Seeman T, Luetters C, Avis NE, Johnston J, Karlamangla AS (2009) Effects of the menopause transition and hormone use on cognitive performance in midlife women. Neurology 72:1850\u20131857","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1437_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1757","volume":"323","author":"GA Greendale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greendale GA, Karlamangla AS, Maki PM (2020) The menopause transition and cognition. JAMA 323:1495\u20131496","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1437_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2000.00461.x","volume":"12","author":"RL Bowen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bowen RL, Isley JP, Atkinson RL (2000) An association of elevated serum gonadotropin concentrations and Alzheimer disease? J Neuroendocrinol 12:351\u2013354","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200233","volume":"78","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Li S, Xu S, Yu H, Tang L, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Mi S, Chen M, Cui H (2020) Association of androgens and gonadotropins with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Chinese elderly men. J Alzheimers Dis 78:277\u2013290","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1437_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62109-5","volume":"76","author":"RA Short","year":"2001","unstructured":"Short RA, Bowen RL, O\u2019Brien PC, Graff-Radford NR (2001) Elevated gonadotropin levels in patients with Alzheimer disease. Mayo Clin Proc 76:906\u2013909","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1437_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frdem.2023.1303256","author":"M Nerattini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nerattini M, Rubino F, Jett S, Andy C, Boneu C, Zarate C, Carlton C, Loeb-Zeitlin S, Havryliuk Y, Pahlajani S, Williams S, Berti V, Christos P, Fink M, Dyke JP, Brinton RD, Mosconi L (2023) Elevated gonadotropin levels are associated with increased biomarker risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in midlife women. Front Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frdem.2023.1303256","journal-title":"Front Dement"},{"key":"1437_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4386-y","volume":"62","author":"CW Gregory","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gregory CW, Bowen RL (2005) Novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on the forgotten reproductive hormones. Cell Mol Life Sci 62:313\u2013319","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"1437_CR171","unstructured":"Swayzer DV, Gerriets V (2024) Leuprolide. In: StatPearls, Treasure Island"},{"key":"1437_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3964789\/v1","author":"T Frolinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frolinger T, Korkmaz F, Sims S, Sen F, Sultana F, Laurencin V, Cullen L, Pallapati AR, Liu A, Rojekar S, Pevnev G, Cheliadinova U, Vasilyeva D, Burganova G, Macdonald A, Saxena M, Goosens K, Rosen C, Barak O, Lizneva D, Gumerova A, Ye K, Ryu V, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2024) Gene-dose-dependent reduction fshr expression improves spatial memory deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s mice. Res Sq. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3964789\/v1","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"1437_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42282-7","volume":"14","author":"J Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiong J, Kang SS, Wang M, Wang Z, Xia Y, Liao J, Liu X, Yu SP, Zhang Z, Ryu V, Yuen T, Zaidi M, Ye K (2023) FSH and ApoE4 contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathogenesis via C\/EBPbeta\/delta-secretase in female mice. Nat Commun 14:6577","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1437_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq4515","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq4515","volume":"377","author":"M Manfredi-Lozano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manfredi-Lozano M, Leysen V, Adamo M, Paiva I, Rovera R, Pignat JM, Timzoura FE, Candlish M, Eddarkaoui S, Malone SA, Silva MSB, Trova S, Imbernon M, Decoster L, Cotellessa L, Tena-Sempere M, Claret M, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Plassard D, Paccou E, Vionnet N, Acierno J, Maceski AM, Lutti A, Pfrieger F, Rasika S, Santoni F, Boehm U, Ciofi P, Buee L, Haddjeri N, Boutillier AL, Kuhle J, Messina A, Draganski B, Giacobini P, Pitteloud N, Prevot V (2022) GnRH replacement rescues cognition in down syndrome. Science 377:eabq4515","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1437_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000330472","volume":"32","author":"RM Corbo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corbo RM, Gambina G, Broggio E, Scacchi R (2011) Influence of variation in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) and age at menopause on the development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in women. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 32:63\u201369","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"1437_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.991","volume":"50","author":"N Schupf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schupf N, Kapell D, Nightingale B, Rodriguez A, Tycko B, Mayeux R (1998) Earlier onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in men with down syndrome. Neurology 50:991\u2013995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1437_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.19.2.98","volume":"19","author":"WA Campbell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Campbell WA, Lowther J, McKenzie I, Price WH (1982) Serum gonadotrophins in down\u2019s syndrome. J Med Genet 19:98\u201399","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"1437_CR178","first-page":"179","volume":"35","author":"A Hestnes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hestnes A, Stovner LJ, Husoy O, Folling I, Fougner KJ, Sjaastad O (1991) Hormonal and biochemical disturbances in down\u2019s syndrome. J Ment Defic Res 35(Pt 3):179\u2013193","journal-title":"J Ment Defic Res"},{"key":"1437_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.104","volume":"422","author":"LL Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu LL, Tourkova I, Yuen T, Robinson LJ, Bian Z, Zaidi M, Blair HC (2012) Blocking FSH action attenuates osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 422:54\u201358","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1437_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.03.005","volume":"148","author":"X Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han X, Guan Z, Xu M, Zhang Y, Yao H, Meng F, Zhuo Y, Yu G, Cao X, Du X, Bu G, Kong F, Huang A, Zeng X (2020) A novel follicle-stimulating hormone vaccine for controlling fat accumulation. Theriogenology 148:103\u2013111","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"1437_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78022","author":"S Gera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gera S, Kuo TC, Gumerova AA, Korkmaz F, Sant D, DeMambro V, Sudha K, Padilla A, Prevot G, Munitz J, Teunissen A, van Leent MMT, Tgjm Post JC, Fernandes J, Netto F, Sultana E, Shelly S, Rojekar P, Kumar L, Cullen J, Chatterjee A, Pallapati S, Miyashita H, Kannangara M, Bhongade P, Sengupta K, Ievleva V, Muradova R, Batista C, Robinson A, Macdonald S, Hutchison M, Saxena M, Meseck J, Caminis J, Iqbal MI, New V, Ryu SM, Kim JJ, Cao N, Zaidi ZA, Fayad D, Lizneva CJ, Rosen TY, Zaidi M (2022) FSH-blocking therapeutic for osteoporosis. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.78022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1437_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.88898","author":"S Rojekar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rojekar S, Pallapati AR, Gimenez-Roig J, Korkmaz F, Sultana F, Sant D, Haeck CM, Macdonald A, Kim SM, Rosen CJ, Barak O, Meseck M, Caminis J, Lizneva D, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2023) Development and biophysical characterization of a humanized FSH-blocking monoclonal antibody therapeutic formulated at an ultra-high concentration. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.88898","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1437_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14952","volume":"1521","author":"D Sant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sant D, Rojekar S, Gera S, Pallapati AR, Gimenez-Roig J, Kuo TC, Padilla A, Korkmaz F, Cullen L, Chatterjee J, Shelly E, Meseck M, Miyashita S, Macdonald A, Sultana F, Barak O, Ryu V, Kim SM, Robinson C, Rosen CJ, Caminis J, Lizneva D, Haider S, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2023) Optimizing a therapeutic humanized follicle-stimulating hormone-blocking antibody formulation by protein thermal shift assay. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1521:67\u201378","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1437_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1588-2","volume":"61","author":"J Compston","year":"2018","unstructured":"Compston J (2018) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update. Endocrine 61:7\u201316","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1437_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2009-0069","volume":"23","author":"LC Hofbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hofbauer LC, Rauner M (2009) Minireview: live and let die: molecular effects of glucocorticoids on bone cells. Mol Endocrinol 23:1525\u20131531","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05231.x","volume":"1192","author":"CM Isales","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isales CM, Zaidi M, Blair HC (2010) ACTH is a novel regulator of bone mass. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1192:110\u2013116","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1437_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1616-3","volume":"15","author":"M Minetto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Minetto M, Reimondo G, Osella G, Ventura M, Angeli A, Terzolo M (2004) Bone loss is more severe in primary adrenal than in pituitary-dependent cushing\u2019s syndrome. Osteoporos Int 15:855\u2013861","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2020.100713","volume":"13","author":"T Sato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sato T, Iwata T, Usui M, Kokabu S, Sugamori Y, Takaku Y, Kobayashi T, Ito K, Matsumoto M, Takeda S, Xu R, Chida D (2020) Bone phenotype in melanocortin 2 receptor-deficient mice. Bone Rep 13:100713","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"key":"1437_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15152","volume":"24","author":"F Sadeghi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sadeghi F, Vahednia E, Naderi Meshkin H, Kerachian MA (2020) The effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on alpha-2-macroglobulin in osteoblasts derived from human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 24:4784\u20134790","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"1437_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.62","volume":"97","author":"IL Tourkova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tourkova IL, Liu L, Sutjarit N, Larrouture QC, Luo J, Robinson LJ, Blair HC (2017) Adrenocorticotropic hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) enhance human osteogenesis in vitro by synergistically accelerating the expression of bone-specific genes. Lab Invest 97:1072\u20131083","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"1437_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912176107","volume":"107","author":"M Zaidi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zaidi M, Sun L, Robinson LJ, Tourkova IL, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhu LL, Liu X, Li J, Peng Y, Yang G, Shi X, Levine A, Iqbal J, Yaroslavskiy BB, Isales C, Blair HC (2010) ACTH protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:8782\u20138787","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00027.2015","volume":"96","author":"CS Kovacs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kovacs CS (2016) Maternal mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery. Physiol Rev 96:449\u2013547","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1437_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06568.x","volume":"95","author":"DW Purdie","year":"1988","unstructured":"Purdie DW, Aaron JE, Selby PL (1988) Bone histology and mineral homeostasis in human pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95:849\u2013854","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1437_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032416","volume":"79","author":"EI Tolstykh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Kozheurov VP, Burmistrov DS (1998) Strontium transfer from maternal skeleton to the fetus estimated on the basis of the Techa river data. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 79:307\u2013310","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"1437_CR195","first-page":"752","volume":"81","author":"A Yamaga","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yamaga A, Taga M, Minaguchi H, Sato K (1996) Changes in bone mass as determined by ultrasound and biochemical markers of bone turnover during pregnancy and puerperium: a longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:752\u2013756","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4239-1","volume":"29","author":"I Kyvernitakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kyvernitakis I, Reuter TC, Hellmeyer L, Hars O, Hadji P (2018) Subsequent fracture risk of women with pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis after a median of 6 years of follow-up. Osteoporos Int 29:135\u2013142","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1437_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121579","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1121579","volume":"14","author":"D Athonvarangkul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Athonvarangkul D, Wysolmerski JJ (2023) Crosstalk within a brain-breast-bone axis regulates mineral and skeletal metabolism during lactation. Front Physiol 14:1121579","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1437_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913611116","volume":"116","author":"L Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun L, Lizneva D, Ji Y, Colaianni G, Hadelia E, Gumerova A, Ievleva K, Kuo TC, Korkmaz F, Ryu V, Rahimova A, Gera S, Taneja C, Khan A, Ahmad N, Tamma R, Bian Z, Zallone A, Kim SM, New MI, Iqbal J, Yuen T, Zaidi M (2019) Oxytocin regulates body composition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116:26808\u201326815","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1437_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.07.148","volume":"388","author":"X Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu X, Shimono K, Zhu LL, Li J, Peng Y, Imam A, Iqbal J, Moonga S, Colaianni G, Su C, Lu Z, Iwamoto M, Pacifici M, Zallone A, Sun L, Zaidi M (2009) Oxytocin deficiency impairs maternal skeletal remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 388:161\u2013166","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1437_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1216","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.6.E1216","volume":"279","author":"D Coss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coss D, Yang L, Kuo CB, Xu X, Luben RA, Walker AM (2000) Effects of prolactin on osteoblast alkaline phosphatase and bone formation in the developing rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E1216\u2013E1225","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.1.6436","volume":"140","author":"P Clement-Lacroix","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clement-Lacroix P, Ormandy C, Lepescheux L, Ammann P, Damotte D, Goffin V, Bouchard B, Amling M, Gaillard-Kelly M, Binart N, Baron R, Kelly PA (1999) Osteoblasts are a new target for prolactin: analysis of bone formation in prolactin receptor knockout mice. Endocrinology 140:96\u2013105","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1437_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.008","volume":"42","author":"D Seriwatanachai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seriwatanachai D, Thongchote K, Charoenphandhu N, Pandaranandaka J, Tudpor K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Suthiphongchai T, Krishnamra N (2008) Prolactin directly enhances bone turnover by raising osteoblast-expressed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand\/osteoprotegerin ratio. Bone 42:535\u2013546","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1437_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06120809","volume":"5","author":"S Kinsella","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kinsella S, Moran S, Sullivan MO, Molloy MG, Eustace JA (2010) Hyponatremia independent of osteoporosis is associated with fracture occurrence. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:275\u2013280","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1437_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2018-0499","volume":"25","author":"K Murthy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, Raman G, Hodge MB, Marcantonio AJ, Verbalis JG (2019) The effects of hyponatremia on bone density and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract 25:366\u2013378","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"1437_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4228","volume":"101","author":"S Upala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Upala S, Sanguankeo A (2016) Association between hyponatremia, osteoporosis, and fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:1880\u20131886","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2031","volume":"97","author":"AS Sejling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sejling AS, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Eiken P (2012) Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and severe osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:4306\u20134310","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1572","volume":"99","author":"AS Sejling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sejling AS, Thorsteinsson AL, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Eiken P (2014) Recovery from SIADH-associated osteoporosis: a case report. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:3527\u20133530","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00083","volume":"8","author":"MS Draman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Draman MS, Stechman M, Scott-Coombes D, Dayan CM, Rees DA, Ludgate M, Zhang L (2017) The role of thyrotropin receptor activation in adipogenesis and modulation of fat phenotype. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8:83","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1437_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1569","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00572.2011","volume":"302","author":"T Endo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Endo T, Kobayashi T (2012) Expression of functional TSH receptor in white adipose tissues of hyt\/hyt mice induces lipolysis in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302:E1569\u2013E1575","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1437_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0452","volume":"196","author":"M Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu M, Lin RY (2008) TSH stimulates adipogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Endocrinol 196:159\u2013169","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14538","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14538","volume":"8","author":"V Lundback","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lundback V, Kulyte A, Dahlman I, Marcus C (2020) Adipose-specific inactivation of thyroid stimulating hormone receptors in mice modifies body weight, temperature and gene expression in adipocytes. Physiol Rep 8:e14538","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"1437_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R87","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00604.2003","volume":"287","author":"JE Blevins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blevins JE, Schwartz MW, Baskin DG (2004) Evidence that paraventricular nucleus oxytocin neurons link hypothalamic leptin action to caudal brain stem nuclei controlling meal size. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287:R87\u2013R96","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1437_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R431","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00441.2014","volume":"308","author":"JE Blevins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blevins JE, Graham JL, Morton GJ, Bales KL, Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Havel PJ (2015) Chronic oxytocin administration inhibits food intake, increases energy expenditure, and produces weight loss in fructose-fed obese rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 308:R431\u2013R438","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1437_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R737","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00118.2014","volume":"307","author":"EE Noble","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noble EE, Billington CJ, Kotz CM, Wang C (2014) Oxytocin in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus reduces feeding and acutely increases energy expenditure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307:R737\u2013R745","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1437_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.110903","volume":"514","author":"J Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan J, Zhang R, Wu R, Gu Y, Lu Y (2020) The effects of oxytocin to rectify metabolic dysfunction in obese mice are associated with increased thermogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 514:110903","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106909","volume":"122","author":"ML Wronski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wronski ML, Plessow F, Kerem L, Asanza E, O\u2019Donoghue ML, Stanford FC, Bredella MA, Torriani M, Soukas AA, Kheterpal A, Eddy KT, Holmes TM, Deckersbach T, Vangel M, Holsen LM, Lawson EA (2022) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 8-week intranasal oxytocin administration in adults with obesity: rationale, study design, and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 122:106909","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"1437_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0221","volume":"22","author":"JH Bassett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bassett JH, Williams AJ, Murphy E, Boyde A, Howell PG, Swinhoe R, Archanco M, Flamant F, Samarut J, Costagliola S, Vassart G, Weiss RE, Refetoff S, Williams GR (2008) A lack of thyroid hormones rather than excess thyrotropin causes abnormal skeletal development in hypothyroidism. Mol Endocrinol 22:501\u2013512","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1437_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.10.1329","volume":"13","author":"S Gothe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gothe S, Wang Z, Ng L, Kindblom JM, Barros AC, Ohlsson C, Vennstrom B, Forrest D (1999) Mice devoid of all known thyroid hormone receptors are viable but exhibit disorders of the pituitary-thyroid axis, growth, and bone maturation. Genes Dev 13:1329\u20131341","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"1437_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.14.1985","volume":"13","author":"J Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhou J, Bondy CA (1999) Igf1 promotes longitudinal bone growth by insulin-like actions augmenting chondrocyte hypertrophy. FASEB J 13:1985\u20131990","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1437_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2320","volume":"16","author":"D Bikle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bikle D, Majumdar S, Laib A, Powell-Braxton L, Rosen C, Beamer W, Nauman E, Leary C, Halloran B (2001) The skeletal structure of insulin-like growth factor I-deficient mice. J Bone Miner Res 16:2320\u20132329","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-024-01437-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-024-01437-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-024-01437-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T01:18:23Z","timestamp":1733879903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-024-01437-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"references-count":220,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-024-01437-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 July 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"M.Z. is inventor on issued and pending patents on the use of FSH as a target for osteoporosis, obesity and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. M.Z., T.Y. and S.R. are inventors on a pending patent on the formulation of a monoclonal antibody against FSH. The patents will be held by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and M.Z, T.Y. and S.R. would be recipients of royalties, per institutional policy, should the patents be granted. The other authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}