{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T18:31:24Z","timestamp":1773685884010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-025-01591-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T08:50:18Z","timestamp":1765183818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nelson\u2019s syndrome: reappraisal of an uncommon disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Losa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Mortini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, Ben-Shlomo A, Bertherat J, Biermasz NR, Boguszewski CL, Bronstein MD, Buchfelder M, Carmichael JD, Casanueva FF, Castinetti F, Chanson P, Findling, J., Gadelha M, Geer EB, Giustina A, Grossman A, Gurnell M, Ho K, Ioachimescu AG, Kaiser UB, Karavitaki N, Katznelson L, Kelly DF, Lacroix A, McCormack A, Melmed S, Molitch M, Mortini, P., Newell-Price J, Nieman L, Pereira AM, Petersenn S, Pivonello R, Raff H, Reincke M, Salvatori R, Scaroni C, Shimon I, Stratakis CA, Swearingen B, Tabarin A, Takahashi Y, Theodoropoulou M., Tsagarakis S, Valassi E, Varlamov EV, Vila G, Wass J, Webb SM, Zatelli MC, Biller BMK (2021) Consensus on diagnosis and management of cushing\u2019s disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9:847\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00235-7"},{"key":"1591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pivonello R, Ferrigno R, De Martino MC, Simeoli C, Di Paola N, Pivonello C, Barba L, Negri M, De Angelis C, Colao A\u00a0(2020) Medical treatment of cushing\u2019s disease: An overview of the Current and recent clinical trials. front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 8(11):648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00648","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00648"},{"key":"1591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reincke M, Ritzel K, O\u00dfwald A, Berr C, Stalla G, Hallfeldt K, Reisch N, Schopohl J, Beuschlein F\u00a0(2015) A critical reappraisal of bilateral adrenalectomy for ACTH-dependent cushing\u2019s syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 173:M23-32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-15-0265","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0265"},{"key":"1591_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reincke M, Albani A, Assie G, Bancos I, Brue T, Buchfelder M, Chabre O, Ceccato F, Daniele A, Detomas M, Di Dalmazi G, Elenkova A, Findling J, Grossman AB, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Heaney, A.P., Honegger J, Karavitaki N, Lacroix A, Laws ER, Losa M, Murakami M, Newell-Price J, Pecori Giraldi F, P\u00e9rez-Rivas LG, Pivonello R, Rainey WE, Sbiera S, Schopohl J, Stratakis CA, Theodoropoulou M, van Rossum, E.F.C., Valassi, E., Zacharieva, S., Rubinstein, G., Ritzel, K (2021)\u00a0Corticotroph tumor progression after bilateral adrenalectomy (Nelson\u2019s syndrome): systematic review and expert consensus recommendations. Eur J Endocrinol 184:P1-P16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-20-1088","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1088"},{"key":"1591_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ritzel K, Beuschlein F, Mickisch A, Osswald A, Schneider HJ, Schopohl J, Reincke M\u00a0(2013) Clinical review: outcome of bilateral adrenalectomy in cushing\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:3939\u20133948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-1470","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1470"},{"key":"1591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mazzeo P, Bovo G, Mondin A, Voltan G, Manara R, Caccese M, Denaro L, Ceccato F, Barbot M\u00a0(2025) Clinical presentation, predictive factors and management of patients with nelson syndrome: a retrospective study. Pituitary 28(5):102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01579-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-025-01579-0"},{"key":"1591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hajikarimloo B, Tos SM, Mohammadzade I, Habibi MA\u00a0(2025) Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery in nelson\u2019s sindrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary 28(5):94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01568-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-025-01568-3"},{"key":"1591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Assi\u00e9, G, Bahurel, H, Coste, J, Silvera, S, Kujas, M., Dugu\u00e9, M.A, Karray, F, Dousset, B., Bertherat, J, Legmann, P, Bertagna, X\u00a0(2007) Corticotroph tumor progression after adrenalectomy in Cushing\u2019s Disease: A reappraisal of Nelson\u2019s Syndrone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 92:172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1328","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1328"},{"key":"1591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen, A.C, Goldney, D.C, Danilowicz, K, Manavela, M, Rossi, M.A, G\u00f3mez, R.M, Cross, G.E, Bruno, O.D\u00a0(2019) Long-term outcome after bilateral adrenalectomy in Cushing\u2019s disease with focus on Nelson\u2019s syndrome. Arch. Endocrinol. Metab 63:470\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20945\/2359-3997000000144","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000144"},{"key":"1591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Das, L, Bhansali, A, Pivonello, R, Dutta, P, Bhadada, SK, Ahuja, CK, Mavuduru, R, Kumar, S, Behera, A, Saikia, UN, Dhandapani, S, Walia, R (2020) ACTH increment post total bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing\u2019s disease: a consistent biosignature for predicting Nelson\u2019s syndrome. Pituitary 23:488-497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-020-01047-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01047-x"},{"key":"1591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kasperlik-Za\u0142uska AA, Bonicki W, Jeske W, Janik J, Zgliczy\u0144ski W, Czernicki Z (2006) Nelson\u2019s syndrome -- 46 years later: clinical experience with 37 patients. Zentralbl Neurochir 67:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-921430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-921430"},{"key":"1591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pernicone PJ, Scheithauer BW, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Young WF. Jr, Lloyd RV, Davis DH, Guthrie BL, Schoene WC\u00a0(1997) Pituitary carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Cancer 79:804\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-0142(19970215)79:4%3C;804::aid-cncr18%3E;3.0.co;2-3","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0142(19970215)79:4%3C;804::aid-cncr18%3E;3.0.co;2-3"},{"key":"1591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jenkins PJ, Trainer PJ, Plowman PN, Shand WS, Grossman AB, Wass JA, Besser GM\u00a0(1995) The long-term outcome after adrenalectomy and prophylactic pituitary radiotherapy in adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:165\u2013171 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.80.1.7829606","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.1.7829606"},{"key":"1591_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Graffeo CS, Perry A, Carlstrom LP, Meyer FB, Atkinson JLD, Erickson D, Nippoldt TB, Young WF, Pollock BE, Van Gompel JJ\u00a0(2017) Characterizing and predicting the nelson. Salassa syndrome. J Neurosurg 127:1277\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.9.JNS161163","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS161163"},{"key":"1591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albano L, Losa M, Barzaghi LR, Niranjan A, Siddiqui Z, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD, Mortini P\u00a0(2021) Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel) 13(19):4998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13194998","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194998"},{"key":"1591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Losa M, Detomas M, Bailo M, Barzaghi LR, Albano L, Piloni M, Pagnano A, Pedone E, Mortini P\u00a0(2021) Gmma knife radiosurgery in patients with nelson\u2019s syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 44:2243\u20132251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-021-01531-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01531-6"},{"key":"1591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caruso JP, Patibandla MR, Xu Z, Vance ML, Sheehan JP\u00a0(2018) A long-term study of the teatment of nelson\u2019s syndrome with gamma knife radiosurgery. Neurosurgery 83:430\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyx426","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx426"},{"key":"1591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cordeiro D, Xu Z, Li CE, Iorio-Morin C, Mathieu D, Sisterson ND, Kano H, Attuati L, Picozzi P, Sheehan KA, Lee CC, Liscak R, Jezkova J, Lunsford LD, Sheehan J\u00a0(2019) Gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of nelson\u2019s syndrome: a multicenter, international study. J Neurosurg 133:336\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.4.JNS19273","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.JNS19273"},{"key":"1591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pollock BE, Young WF Jr\u00a0(2002) Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas after prior adrenalectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54:839\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-3016(02)02975-9","DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-3016(02)02975-9"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01591-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01591-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01591-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:38:08Z","timestamp":1773682688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01591-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-025-01591-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"8"}}