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Corticotroph and lactotroph tumours represent the most frequent secreting subtypes, showing different sex-related distribution, clinical features, and behaviour compared with benign disease. This review evaluates whether these sex-related differences persist in APT\/PC and their clinical and therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review of case reports, series, and clinical studies, published between 2000 and October 2025, reporting sex-related data on corticotroph and lactotroph APT\/PC, was conducted. Clinical presentation, pathological features, and outcomes were extracted and analysed by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      93 corticotroph APT\/PC (38\u00a0W, 55\u00a0M) and 80 lactotroph APT\/PC (29\u00a0W, 51\u00a0M) were included. Among corticotroph APT\/PC, men more commonly had non-functioning lesions (36.5%, vs. 17.6%), showed loss of hormonal secretion (7.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094\/52), and had invasive disease (100%, vs. 73.3%, p: 0.03). Women more frequently harboured Crooke\u2019s cell tumours (26.3% vs. 5.5%, p: 0.006) and showed complete radiological responses (22.2%, vs. 9.1%). In lactotroph APT\/PC, men had giant tumours (27.3%, vs. 5.0%), invasive disease (83.3%, vs. 63.6%), higher prolactin levels, and dopamine agonist resistance. Complete tumour responses to temozolomide occurred exclusively in women (22.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095\/22, p: 0.02), whereas partial durable responses predominated in men (46.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918\/39).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male sex is associated with higher prevalence and more aggressive disease, whereas women achieve more profound tumour and hormonal responses. Sex-specific stratification may support personalized management of these rare pituitary tumours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-026-01656-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:50:55Z","timestamp":1772895055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8539-5860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Lucia","family":"Carretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0400-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrysi","family":"Kaparounaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9517-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9rald","family":"Raverot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf100","volume":"192","author":"G Raverot","year":"2025","unstructured":"Raverot G, Burman P, Abreu AP et al (2025) Revised European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas. 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