{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:01:40Z","timestamp":1781640100492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), also known as pituitary adenomas, exhibit marked lineage-specific heterogeneity. The underlying molecular biology of certain tumor\/adenoma types, particularly gonadotroph tumors\/adenomas (SF1-lineage) \u2014 which typically exhibit stable genomes \u2014 remains poorly understood. This study aimed to define expression patterns of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system subunits across PitNET\/adenoma lineages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemistry was performed in 43 previously molecularly and histologically classified PitNETs\/adenomas on tumor and normal adenohypophyseal tissue for VDAC1 (porin) to assess mitochondrial density and the expression of OXPHOS-subunits. Quantified staining intensity scores were used for statistical analyses, and mtDNA sequencing was successful in 21 tumors\/adenomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mitochondrial density was significantly increased in PitNETs\/adenomas compared with normal tissue. Alterations in OXPHOS subunits expression were non-uniform: complex I deficiency was the most frequent abnormality, often associated with disruptive mtDNA mutations, particularly in genomically stable gonadotroph tumors\/adenomas. Two corticotroph tumors\/adenomas with near-haploid genomes also harboured disruptive complex I mutations. Alterations in other complexes were less common and typically occurred in combination. Staining heterogeneity was frequent (24\/43 tumors\/adenomas), including focal expression loss, especially in SF1-lineage and all mtDNA-mutated tumors\/adenomas, but also present in tumors\/adenomas without mtDNA mutations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PitNETs\/adenomas display lineage-specific and highly heterogeneous OXPHOS-system phenotypes. Complex I deficiency and mtDNA mutations occur not only in genomically stable gonadotroph tumors\/adenomas but also in highly disrupted corticotroph tumors\/adenomas with a near-haploid genome. Further studies including sequencing of nuclear-encoded OXPHOS-related genes are required to clarify the contribution of altered OXPHOS-subunit expression to PitNET\/adenoma biology and potential clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-026-01658-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:34:07Z","timestamp":1773254047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxidative phosphorylation patterns in pituitary adenoma\/neuroendocrine tumors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Maaia Margo","family":"Jentus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 G","family":"Feichtinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem E","family":"Corver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Pelsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leontine","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"van Furth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Verstegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Biermasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Morreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1658_CR1","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board (2022) Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumours. 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