{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:18:15Z","timestamp":1788459495496,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Bio\/Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation","award":["No. RS-2023-00261820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. RS-2023-00261820"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Innovation Program funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry \/ Energy","award":["RS-2025-02308375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02308375"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-026-01713-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:51:06Z","timestamp":1781805066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-secretion of growth hormone and prolactin defines a high-risk acromegaly phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Won Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong-Cheol","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Kyung","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeyeon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonah","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-a","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Hyung","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol Ryong","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jig","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eui Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1713_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00244-3","volume":"10","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleseriu M, Langlois F, Lim DST, Varlamov EV, Melmed S (2022) Acromegaly: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 10(11):804\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00244-3","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1713_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02029-1","volume":"66","author":"L Lv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv L, Jiang Y, Yin S et al (2019) Mammosomatotroph and mixed somatotroph-lactotroph adenoma in acromegaly: A retrospective study with long-term follow-up. Endocrine 66(2):310\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-019-02029-1","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00115","volume":"40","author":"MR Gadelha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gadelha MR, Kasuki L, Lim DST, Fleseriu M (2019) Systemic complications of acromegaly and the impact of the current treatment landscape: An update. Endocr Rev 40(1):268\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2018-00115","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1713_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01198-5","volume":"25","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleseriu M, Barkan A, Del Pilar Schneider M et al (2022) Prevalence of comorbidities and concomitant medication use in acromegaly: Analysis of real-world data from the united states. Pituitary 25(2):296\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-021-01198-5","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"8","key":"1713_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.8.5007","volume":"83","author":"SM Orme","year":"1998","unstructured":"Orme SM, McNally RJ, Cartwright RA, Belchetz PE (1998) Mortality and cancer incidence in acromegaly: A retrospective cohort study. United kingdom acromegaly study group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83(8):2730\u20132734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.83.8.5007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1713_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-1064","volume":"176","author":"L Maione","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maione L, Brue T, Beckers A et al (2017) Changes in the management and comorbidities of acromegaly over three decades: The french acromegaly registry. Eur J Endocrinol 176(5):645\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-16-1064","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1713_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0553","volume":"24","author":"M Terzolo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terzolo M, Reimondo G, Berchialla P et al (2017) Acromegaly is associated with increased cancer risk: A survey in italy. Endocr Relat Cancer 24(9):495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ERC-16-0553","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"1713_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140052","DOI":"10.1530\/EDM-14-0052","volume":"2014","author":"M Rahman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahman M, Jusue-Torres I, Alkabbani A, Salvatori R, Rodriguez FJ, Quinones-Hinojosa A (2014) Synchronous gh- and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2014:140052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EDM-14-0052","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.JNS18230","volume":"131","author":"J Rick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rick J, Jahangiri A, Flanigan PM et al (2019) Growth hormone and prolactin-staining tumors causing acromegaly: A retrospective review of clinical presentations and surgical outcomes. J Neurosurg 131(1):147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.4.JNS18230","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1713_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1207-1132","volume":"52","author":"D Van Laethem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Laethem D, Michotte A, Cools W et al (2020) Hyperprolactinemia in acromegaly is related to prolactin secretion by somatolactotroph tumours. Horm Metab Res 52(9):647\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1207-1132","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e192","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae262","volume":"110","author":"LE Wildemberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wildemberg LE, Gadelha MR (2024) Gh and prolactin co-secreting adenomas: It is time for a definition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 110(1):e192\u2013e193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae262","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1713_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3696","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6019","volume":"84","author":"SM Webb","year":"1999","unstructured":"Webb SM, Rigla M, W\u00e4gner A, Oliver B, Bartumeus F (1999) Recovery of hypopituitarism after neurosurgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84(10):3696\u20133700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02094-6","volume":"67","author":"F de Vries","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Vries F, Lobatto DJ, Bakker LEH, van Furth WR, Biermasz NR, Pereira AM (2020) Early postoperative hpa-axis testing after pituitary tumor surgery: Reliability and safety of basal cortisol and crh test. Endocrine 67(1):161\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-019-02094-6","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1713_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0587-4","volume":"18","author":"EH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim EH, Ku CR, Lee EJ, Kim SH (2015) Extracapsular en bloc resection in pituitary adenoma surgery. Pituitary 18(3):397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-014-0587-4","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"1713_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-11-1119","volume":"166","author":"M Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang M, Mou C, Jiang M et al (2012) The characteristics of acromegalic patients with hyperprolactinemia and the differences in patients with merely gh-secreting adenomas: Clinical analysis of 279 cases. Eur J Endocrinol 166(5):797\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-11-1119","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1713_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2178","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae126","volume":"109","author":"M Araujo-Castro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Araujo-Castro M, Biagetti B, Menendez Torre E et al (2024) Differences between gh- and prl-cosecreting and gh-secreting pituitary adenomas: A series of 604 cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109(12):e2178\u2013e2187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae126","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1713_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807054","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.807054","volume":"12","author":"X Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo X, Zhang R, Zhang D et al (2021) Hyperprolactinemia and hypopituitarism in acromegaly and effect of pituitary surgery: Long-term follow-up on 529 patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:807054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.807054","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1713_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac010","volume":"43","author":"S Melmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melmed S, Kaiser UB, Lopes MB et al (2022) Clinical biology of the pituitary adenoma. Endocr Rev 43(6):1003\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnac010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i10","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdae145","volume":"7","author":"SL Asa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Asa SL, Ezzat S, Mete O (2025) Clinical integration and application of the 2022 who pituitary tumor classification. Neurooncol Adv 7(1):i10\u2013i16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdae145","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"1713_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571598","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1571598","volume":"16","author":"L Chong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chong L, Lou Y, Chen X et al (2025) Comparison of the clinical and prognostic characteristics of patients with different pathological types in acromegaly. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 16:1571598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1571598","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","volume":"33","author":"SL Asa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asa SL, Mete O, Perry A, Osamura RY (2022) Overview of the 2022 who classification of pituitary tumors. Endocr Pathol 33(1):6\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"1713_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169224","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1169224","volume":"13","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang F, Bi Y, Zhou Q et al (2023) Pituitary adenoma with cavernous sinus compartment penetration and intracranial extension: Surgical anatomy, approach, and outcomes. Front Oncol 13:1169224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1169224","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1713_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03187-x","volume":"38","author":"MTM Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang MTM, Meyer JA, Danesh-Meyer HV (2024) Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation and management of pituitary disease. Eye (Lond) 38(12):2279\u20132288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-024-03187-x","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1713_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.08.003","volume":"23","author":"BR Haugen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haugen BR (2009) Drugs that suppress tsh or cause central hypothyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 23(6):793\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2009.08.003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"1713_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1172\/jci20401","volume":"112","author":"S Melmed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Melmed S (2003) Mechanisms for pituitary tumorigenesis: The plastic pituitary. J Clin Invest 112(11):1603\u20131618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci20401","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1713_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2012.28","volume":"1","author":"T Kiesslich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kiesslich T, Pichler M, Neureiter D (2013) Epigenetic control of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in human cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 1(1):3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mco.2012.28","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-026-01713-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11102-026-01713-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11102-026-01713-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:42:09Z","timestamp":1788457329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11102-026-01713-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11102-026-01713-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9255559\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Severance hospital (approval No 4-2025-1720), and the requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"107"}}