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Under control condition, in <jats:italic>A. halimus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. nummularia<\/jats:italic>, photosynthetic rate (<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>) was proportionally linked to stomatal conductance (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>). In <jats:italic>A. halimus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gs<\/jats:italic> peaked at 9:00 and 12:00 at FL only. However, <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gs<\/jats:italic> peaked at 9:00 and 12:00 under FL and ML, respectively, in <jats:italic>A. nummularia<\/jats:italic>. The leakage of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> could limit <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> in the C4 species under lower light intensities. <jats:italic>A. halimus<\/jats:italic> reduced <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> (a typical NAD-ME strategy) to cope with lower light intensities. However, <jats:italic>A. nummularia<\/jats:italic> optimized leaf anatomical features and PEPC\/ Rubisco ratio to reduce CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> leakage, leading to improved <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic> and biomass. In contrast, the increase in <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub> reflected no increase in <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>, which could be attributed to the negative effect of low light on the electron transport system in the C3 species. Under drought condition, the performance of the C3 and C4 species was better at ML and LL than that at FL because of enhanced <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. The present study concluded that the C4 species acclimated better to low light intensities than the C3 species. The acclimation of the C4 species was dependent on the species and the soil water content rather than the biochemical subtype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-025-01154-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T09:18:59Z","timestamp":1749633539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diurnal light fitness of the C3 and C4 species from the genus Atriplex under control and drought conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham M.","family":"Nada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Hamid A.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamdouh S.","family":"Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesma R.","family":"El-Qashlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaber M.","family":"Abogadallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1154_CR1","unstructured":"Abogadallah GM, Nada RM (2019) An improved protocol for single-step differential staining of plant tissues with safranin-haematoxylin. 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