{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:02:05Z","timestamp":1790733725167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005217","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01\/CE001677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01\/CE001677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005217","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17IPA1706096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17IPA1706096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2011- 90948-IL-IJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011- 90948-IL-IJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-018-0940-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T03:44:59Z","timestamp":1535341499000},"page":"1123-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Protective Factors for Sexual Violence: Understanding How Trajectories Relate to Perpetration in High School"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kathleen C.","family":"Basile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney L.","family":"Rostad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth W.","family":"Leemis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy L.","family":"Espelage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"940_CR1","first-page":"575","volume":"26","author":"MW Arthur","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arthur, M. W., Hawkins, J. D., Pollard, J. A., Catalano, R. F., & Baglioni, A. J. (2002). Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: The communities that care youth survey. Evaluation Review, 26, 575\u2013601.","journal-title":"Evaluation Review"},{"key":"940_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506291657","volume":"21","author":"VL Banyard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Banyard, V. L., Cross, C., & Modecki, K. L. (2006). Interpersonal violence in adolescence: Ecological correlates of self-reported perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 1314\u20131332.","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"940_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1503952","volume":"372","author":"KC Basile","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basile, K. C. (2015). A comprehensive approach to sexual violence prevention. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2350\u20132352.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"940_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2013.3.15684","volume":"14","author":"KC Basile","year":"2013","unstructured":"Basile, K. C., Hamburger, M. E., Swahn, M., & Choi, C. (2013). Sexual violence perpetration by adolescents in dating versus same-sex peer relationships: Differences in associated risk and protective factors. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 14, 329\u2013340.","journal-title":"Western Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"940_CR5","unstructured":"Basile, K. C., Smith, S. G., Breiding, M. J., Black, M. C., & Mahendra, R. R. (2014). Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements, version 2.0. Atlanta (GA): National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"940_CR6","volume-title":"STOP SV: A technical package to prevent sexual violence","author":"KC Basile","year":"2016","unstructured":"Basile, K. C., DeGue, S., Jones, K., Freire, K., Dills, J., Smith, S. G., et al. (2016). STOP SV: A technical package to prevent sexual violence. Atlanta: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"940_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.6.e7","volume":"100","author":"IW Borowsky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Borowsky, I. W., Hogan, M., & Ireland, M. (1997). Adolescent sexual aggression: Risk and protective factors. Pediatrics, 100, 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"940_CR8","volume-title":"Teen conflict survey","author":"K Bosworth","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bosworth, K., & Espelage, D. (1995). Teen conflict survey. Bloomington: Center for Adolescent Studies, Indiana University."},{"key":"940_CR9","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Handbook of adolescent psychology","author":"BB Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown, B. B., & Larson, J. (2009). Peer relationships in adolescence. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (3rd ed., pp. 74\u2013103). Hoboken: Wiley.","edition":"3"},{"key":"940_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021800432380","volume":"1","author":"TJ Dishion","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychological Review, 1, 61\u201375.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychological Review"},{"key":"940_CR11","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues","author":"DL Espelage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Espelage, D. L. (2015). Emerging issues in school bullying research & prevention science. In E. T. Emmer & E. Sabornie (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues (pp. 76\u201393). New York: Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"940_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01914.x","volume":"78","author":"DL Espelage","year":"2000","unstructured":"Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 326\u2013333. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01914.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling and Development"},{"key":"940_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00531","volume":"74","author":"DL Espelage","year":"2003","unstructured":"Espelage, D. L., Holt, M. K., & Henkel, R. R. (2003). Examination of peer-group contextual effects on aggression during early adolescence. Child Development, 74, 205\u2013220. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00531\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"940_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.17105\/spr-15-0052.1","volume":"44","author":"DL Espelage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Espelage, D. L., Van Ryzin, M., Low, S., & Polanin, J. (2015). Clinical trial of Second Step\u00a9 middle-school Program: Impact on bullying, cyberbullying, homophobic teasing & sexual harassment perpetration. School Psychology Review, 44, 464\u2013479. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17105\/spr-15-0052.1\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"key":"940_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160310001597153","volume":"10","author":"C Farr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Farr, C., Brown, J., & Beckett, R. (2004). Ability to empathize and masculinity levels: Comparing male adolescent sex offenders with a normative sample of non-offending adolescents. Psychology, Crime & Law, 10, 155\u2013167.","journal-title":"Psychology, Crime & Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"940_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0404-z","volume":"45","author":"Vangie A. Foshee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Foshee, V.A., Reyes, H.L.M., Chen, M.S., Ennet, S.T., Basile, K.C., DeGue, S. Vivolo-Kantor, A. V, Moracco, K.E., & Bowling, J.M. (2016). Shared risk factors for the perpetration of physical dating violence, bullying, and sexual harassment among adolescents exposed to domestic violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence; 45, 672\u2013686.","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"940_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199301)30:1<79::AID-PITS2310300113>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"30","author":"C Goodenow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goodenow, C. (1993). The Psychological Sense of School Membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30, 79\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"key":"940_CR18","volume-title":"Growth modeling: Structural equation and multilevel modeling approaches","author":"KJ Grimm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grimm, K. J., Ram, N., & Estabrook, R. (2016). Growth modeling: Structural equation and multilevel modeling approaches. New York: Guilford Press."},{"key":"940_CR19","volume-title":"Crossing the line: Sexual harassment at school","author":"C Hill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hill, C., & Kearl, H. (2011). Crossing the line: Sexual harassment at school. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women."},{"key":"940_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9310-8","volume":"37","author":"M Hoeve","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hoeve, M., Duba, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., Van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, R. M. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 749\u2013775.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"940_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.04.029","volume":"43","author":"F Losel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Losel, F., & Farrington, D. P. (2012). Direct protective and buffering protective factors in the development of youth violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43, S8\u2013S23.","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"940_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320101300403","volume":"13","author":"WL Marshall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marshall, W. L., & Moulden, H. (2001). Hostility toward women and victim empathy in rapists. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, 249\u2013255.","journal-title":"Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment"},{"key":"940_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12103","volume":"64","author":"AS Masten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., & Monn, A. R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science, practice, and professional training. Family Relations, 64, 5\u201321.","journal-title":"Family Relations"},{"key":"940_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025942503285","volume":"32","author":"CD Maxwell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maxwell, C. D., Robinson, A. L., & Post, L. A. (2003). The nature and predictors of sexual victimization and offending among adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 465\u2013477.","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"940_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600001499","volume":"12","author":"MV Mestre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mestre, M. V., Samper, P., Fr\u00edas, M. D., & Tur, A. M. (2009). Are women more empathetic than men? A longitudinal study in adolescence. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 76\u201383.","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"940_CR26","first-page":"9.1","volume-title":"Corrections, treatment and legal practice, Vol. 1","author":"MH Minor","year":"1995","unstructured":"Minor, M. H., & Crimmins, C. L. S. (1995). Adolescent sex offenders: Issues of etiology and risk factors. The sex offender. In B. K. Schwartz & H. R. Cellini (Eds.), Corrections, treatment and legal practice, Vol. 1 (pp. 9.1\u20139.15). Kingston: Civic Research Institute."},{"key":"940_CR27","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K., & Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus user\u2019s guide. Seventh Edition. Los Angeles: Authors."},{"key":"940_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/cd.114","volume":"2004","author":"LM Pettitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pettitt, L. M. (2004). Gender intensification of peer socialization during puberty. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2004, 23\u201334.","journal-title":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development"},{"key":"940_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rinehart, S., Espelage, D. L., & Bub, K. (2017). Longitudinal effects of gendered harassment perpetration and victimization on mental health outcomes in adolescence. Advance online publication. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260517723746","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517723746"},{"key":"940_CR30","unstructured":"Smith, S. G., Chen, J., Basile, K. C., Gilbert, L. K., Patel, N., Merrick, M. T., Jain, A., & Walling, M. L. (2017). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010-2012 state report. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"940_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00210","volume":"71","author":"H Stattin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: a reinterpretation. Journal of Child Development, 71, 1072\u20131085.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Development"},{"key":"940_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012470031","volume":"14","author":"AT Tharp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tharp, A. T., DeGue, S., Valle, L. A., Brookmeyer, K. A., Massetti, G. M., & Matjasko, J. L. (2013). A systematic qualitative review of risk and protective factors for sexual violence perpetration. Trauma Violence Abuse, 14, 133\u2013167.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"940_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034325","volume":"50","author":"J Van der Graaff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van der Graaff, J., Branje, S., De Wied, M., Hawk, S., Van Lier, P., & Meeus, W. (2014). Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Developmental Psychology, 50, 881\u2013888. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034325\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"940_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167288144007","volume":"14","author":"A Vaux","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vaux, A. (1988). Social and emotional loneliness: The role of social and personal characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 722\u2013734.","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"940_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854803261342","volume":"31","author":"J White","year":"2004","unstructured":"White, J., & Smith, P. (2004). Sexual assault perpetration and re-perpetration: From adolescence to youth adulthood. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31, 182.","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"key":"940_CR36","volume-title":"Building school success through social and emotional learning","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Wang, M. C., & Walberg, H. J. (Eds.). (2004). Building school success through social and emotional learning. New York: Teachers College Press."}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-018-0940-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-018-0940-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-018-0940-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T14:29:04Z","timestamp":1589725744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-018-0940-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-018-0940-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4986","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human Participants"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}