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In addition to investigating adherence to program guidelines, we tested how effective these different approaches were in stopping bullying. Finally, we tested the contribution of follow-up meetings and the number of years KiVa had been implemented in a school to the effectiveness of the interventions, using reports from both school personnel and victimized students. The data were collected annually across 6\u00a0years via online questionnaires and included responses from 1221 primary and secondary schools. The school personnel were more likely to use the confronting approach than the non-confronting approach. Over time, rather than sticking to the two program-recommended approaches, they made adaptations (e.g., combining the two; using their own approach). Two-level regression analyses indicated that the discussions were equally effective, according to both personnel and victimized students, when the\n                    <jats:italic>confronting<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>non-confronting<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or a\n                    <jats:italic>case-specific<\/jats:italic>\n                    approach had been used. The discussions were less effective when the personnel used their\n                    <jats:italic>own adaptation<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>could not specify<\/jats:italic>\n                    the method used. Perceived effectiveness was higher in primary school and when follow-up meetings were organized systematically after each intervention, but unrelated to the number of years KiVa had been implemented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-020-01178-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T00:02:36Z","timestamp":1603497756000},"page":"299-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Different Approaches to Address Bullying in KiVa Schools: Adherence to Guidelines, Strategies Implemented, and Outcomes Obtained"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3769-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eerika","family":"Johander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Turunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire F.","family":"Garandeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Salmivalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410802379085","volume":"28","author":"S Bauman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bauman, S., Rigby, K., & Hoppa, K. 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