{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:50:00Z","timestamp":1790189400914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA023245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA023245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA1036832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA1036832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA028058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA028058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-022-01474-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T09:03:05Z","timestamp":1671008585000},"page":"739-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Polygenic Risk Score Enhances Risk Prediction for Adolescents\u2019 Antisocial Behavior over the Combined Effect of 22 Extra-familial, Familial, and Individual Risk Factors in the Context of the Family Check-Up"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin E.","family":"Bountress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Lemery-Chalfant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin N.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1474_CR1","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the child behavior checklist\/1\u00bd-5 and 2000 profile. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families."},{"key":"1474_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adeyemo, A., Balaconis, M. K., Darnes, D. R., Fatumo, S., Granados Moreno, P., Hodonsky, C. J., Inouye, M., Kanai, M., Kato, K., Knoppers, B. M., Lewis, A. C. F., Martin, A. R., McCarthy, M. I., Meyer, M. N., Okada, Y., Richards, J. B., Richter, L., Ripatti, S., Rotimi, C. N., & Polygenic Risk Score Task Force of the International Common Disease Alliance. (2021). Responsible use of polygenic risk scores in the clinic: Potential benefits, risks and gaps. Nature Medicine, 27(11), 1876\u20131884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01549-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01549-6"},{"issue":"12","key":"1474_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00740-8","volume":"52","author":"T Amariuta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amariuta, T., Ishigaki, K., Sugishita, H., Ohta, T., Koido, M., Dey, K. K., Matsuda, K., Murakami, Y., Price, A. L., Kawakami, E., Terao, C., & Raychaudhuri, S. (2020). Improving the trans-ancestry portability of polygenic risk scores by prioritizing variants in predicted cell-type-specific regulatory elements. Nature Genetics, 52(12), 1346\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-020-00740-8","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1474_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.4.291","volume":"8","author":"J Archer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Archer, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: a meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8(4), 291\u2013322.","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10612-018-9387-x","volume":"26","author":"SE Barkan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barkan, S. E., & Rocque, M. (2018). Socioeconomic status and racism as fundamental causes of street criminality. Critical Criminology, 26(2), 211\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10612-018-9387-x","journal-title":"Critical Criminology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.10.3.423","volume":"10","author":"SE Bergen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bergen, S. E., Gardner, C. O., & Kendler, K. S. (2007). Age-related changes in heritability of behavioral phenotypes over adolescence and young adulthood: a meta-analysis. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 10(3), 423\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1375\/twin.10.3.423","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.2.179","volume":"112","author":"IL Bongers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bongers, I. L., Koot, H. M., Van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2003). The normative development of child and adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(2), 179.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1474_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.t01-1-00382","volume":"72","author":"RH Bradley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F., McAdoo, H. P., & Garcia Coll, C. (2001). The home environments of children in the United States part I: Variations by age, ethnicity, and poverty status. Child Development, 72(6), 1844\u20131867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.t01-1-00382","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12578","volume":"24","author":"LA Brick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brick, L. A., Keller, M. C., Knopik, V. S., McGeary, J. E., & Palmer, R. H. C. (2019). Shared additive genetic variation for alcohol dependence among subjects of African and European ancestry. Addiction Biology, 24(1), 132\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12578","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1474_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.22.6.723","volume":"22","author":"U Bronfenbrenner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1474_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854813485575","volume":"40","author":"CH Burt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burt, C. H., & Simons, R. L. (2013). Self-control, thrill seeking, and crime: Motivation matters. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40(11), 1326\u20131348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093854813485575","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"10","key":"1474_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656","volume":"48","author":"S Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das, S., Forer, L., Sch\u00f6nherr, S., Sidore, C., Locke, A. E., Kwong, A., Vrieze, S. I., Chew, E. Y., Levy, S., McGue, M., Schlessinger, D., Stambolian, D., Loh, P.-R., Iacono, W. G., Swaroop, A., Scott, L. J., Cucca, F., Kronenberg, F., Boehnke, M., & Fuchsberger, C. (2016). Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods. Nature Genetics, 48(10), 1284\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3656","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"1474_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., & Patterson, G. R. (2006). The development and ecology of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. In: Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder, and adaptation\u00a0(Vol. 3, 2nd ed., pp. 503\u2013541). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939406.ch13"},{"issue":"5","key":"1474_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01195.x","volume":"79","author":"TJ Dishion","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., Shaw, D., Connell, A., Gardner, F., Weaver, C., & Wilson, M. (2008). The family check-up with high-risk indigent families: Preventing problem behavior by increasing parents\u2019 positive behavior support in early childhood. Child Development, 79(5), 1395\u20131414.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11112-0","volume":"10","author":"L Duncan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duncan, L., Shen, H., Gelaye, B., Meijsen, J., Ressler, K., Feldman, M., Peterson, R., & Domingue, B. (2019). Analysis of polygenic risk score usage and performance in diverse human populations. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"1474_CR16","unstructured":"Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use (Vol. 27). Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA."},{"issue":"10","key":"1474_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003919","volume":"9","author":"DM Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans, D. M., Brion, M. J. A., Paternoster, L., Kemp, J. P., McMahon, G., Munaf\u00f2, M., Whitfield, J. B., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., & Timpson, N. J. (2013). Mining the human phenome using allelic scores that index biological intermediates. PLoS Genetics, 9(10), e1003919.","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.21.3.254","volume":"21","author":"CK Ewart","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ewart, C. K., & Suchday, S. (2002). Discovering how urban poverty and violence affect health: Development and validation of a Neighborhood Stress Index. Health Psychology, 21(3), 254.","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.448","volume":"12","author":"DP Farrington","year":"2005","unstructured":"Farrington, D. P. (2005). Childhood origins of antisocial behavior. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 12(3), 177\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.448","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1474_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"1474_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503621794","volume-title":"A general theory of crime","author":"MR Gottfredson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031190","volume":"27","author":"GT Harold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harold, G. T., Leve, L. D., Elam, K. K., Thapar, A., Neiderhiser, J. M., Natsuaki, M. N., Shaw, D. S., & Reiss, D. (2013). The nature of nurture: Disentangling passive genotype\u2013environment correlation from family relationship influences on children\u2019s externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(1), 12.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1\u201355.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-020-0814-y","volume":"66","author":"M Ikeda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ikeda, M., Saito, T., Kanazawa, T., & Iwata, N. (2021). Polygenic risk score as clinical utility in psychiatry: a clinical viewpoint. Journal of Human Genetics, 66(1), 53\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s10038-020-0814-y","journal-title":"Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000855","volume":"25","author":"A Knafo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knafo, A., & Jaffee, S. R. (2013). Gene\u2013environment correlation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25(1), 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2307\/1131001","volume":"62","author":"G Kochanska","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kochanska, G. (1991). Patterns of inhibition to the unfamiliar in children of normal and affectively ill mothers. Child Development, 62(2), 250\u2013263.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"1474_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00484","volume":"40","author":"BB Lahey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lahey, B. B., Waldman, I. D., & McBurnett, K. (1999). Annotation: The development of antisocial behavior: an integrative causal model. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(5), 669\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00484","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0309-3","volume":"51","author":"RK Linn\u00e9r","year":"2019","unstructured":"Linn\u00e9r, R. K., Lebreton, M., Tino, S. P., Abdellaoui, A., Hammerschlag, A. R., Nivard, M. G., Okbay, A., Rietveld, C. A., Timshel, P. N., Trzaskowski, M., de Vlaming, R., Z\u00fcnd, C. L., Bao, Y., Buzdugan, L., Caplin, A. H., Chen, C.-Y., Eibich, P., Fontanillas, P., Gonzalez, J. R., & Beauchamp, J. P. (2019). Genome-wide association analyses of risk tolerance and risky behaviors in over 1 million individuals identify hundreds of loci and shared genetic influences. Nature Genetics, 51(2), 245\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0309-3","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"1474_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00908-3","volume":"-","author":"RK Linn\u00e9r","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linn\u00e9r, R. K., Mallard, T. T., Barr, P. B., Sanchez-Roige, S., Madole, J. W., Driver, M. N., Poore, H. E., de Vlaming, R., Grotzinger, A. D., Tielbeek, J. J., Johnson, E. C., Liu, M., Rosenthal, S. B., Ideker, T., Zhou, H., Kember, R. L., Pasman, J. A., Verweij, K. J. H., Liu, D. J., & Dick, D. M. (2021). Multivariate analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genetic associations with traits related to self-regulation and addiction. Nature Neuroscience, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-021-00908-3","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3736","volume":"49","author":"M-T Lo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lo, M.-T., Hinds, D. A., Tung, J. Y., Franz, C., Fan, C.-C., Wang, Y., Smeland, O. B., Schork, A., Holland, D., Kauppi, K., Sanyal, N., Escott-Price, V., Smith, D. J., O\u2019Donovan, M., Stefansson, H., Bjornsdottir, G., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Stefansson, K., McEvoy, L. K., & Chen, C.-H. (2017). Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 152\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3736","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21010101","volume":"179","author":"Mahjani, B., Klei, L., Mattheisen, M., Halvorsen, M. W., Reichenberg, A., Roeder, K., Pedersen, N. L., Boberg, J., de Schipper, E., Bulik, C. M., Land\u00e9n, M., Fund\u00edn, B., Mataix-Cols, D., Sandin, S., Hultman, C. M., Crowley, J. J., Buxbaum, J. D., R\u00fcck, C., Devlin, B., & Grice, D. E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahjani, B., Klei, L., Mattheisen, M., Halvorsen, M. W., Reichenberg, A., Roeder, K., Pedersen, N. L., Boberg, J., de Schipper, E., Bulik, C. M., Land\u00e9n, M., Fund\u00edn, B., Mataix-Cols, D., Sandin, S., Hultman, C. M., Crowley, J. J., Buxbaum, J. D., R\u00fcck, C., Devlin, B., & Grice, D. E. (2022). The genetic architecture of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Contribution of liability to OCD from alleles across the frequency spectrum. American Journal of Psychiatry, 179(3), 216\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21010101","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1474_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.09.018","volume":"105","author":"FD Mann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mann, F. D., Engelhardt, L., Briley, D. A., Grotzinger, A. D., Patterson, M. W., Tackett, J. L., Strathan, D. B., Heath, A., Lynskey, M., Slutske, W., Martin, N. G., Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Harden, K. P. (2017). Sensation seeking and impulsive traits as personality endophenotypes for antisocial behavior: Evidence from two independent samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 105, 30\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2016.09.018","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"7","key":"1474_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2018.03.005","volume":"34","author":"UM Marigorta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marigorta, U. M., Rodr\u00edguez, J. A., Gibson, G., & Navarro, A. (2018). Replicability and prediction: Lessons and challenges from GWAS. Trends in Genetics, 34(7), 504\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2018.03.005","journal-title":"Trends in Genetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1474_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02239409","volume":"16","author":"DA Mason","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mason, D. A., & Frick, P. J. (1994). The heritability of antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 16(4), 301\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02239409","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3042","volume":"78","author":"GK Murray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murray, G. K., Lin, T., Austin, J., McGrath, J. J., Hickie, I. B., & Wray, N. R. (2021). Could polygenic risk scores be useful in psychiatry?\u00a0A review. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(2), 210\u2013219.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1474_CR36","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, L. K., & Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (1998). Mplus user\u2019s guide (8th ed.). Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR37","first-page":"387","volume":"70","author":"JT Nigg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nigg, J. T., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1998). Developmental psychopathology, personality, and temperament: Reflections on recent behavioral genetics research. Human Biology, 70(2), 387\u2013412.","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1474_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32333","volume":"171","author":"I Pappa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pappa, I., St Pourcain, B., Benke, K., Cavadino, A., Hakulinen, C., Nivard, M. G., Nolte, I. M., Tiesler, C. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Davies, G. E. (2016). A genome-wide approach to children\u2019s aggressive behavior: the EAGLE consortium. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 171(5), 562\u2013572.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1474_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3004_03","volume":"30","author":"AM Perez-Smith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Perez-Smith, A. M., Albus, K. E., & Weist, M. D. (2001). Exposure to violence and neighborhood affiliation among inner-city youth. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(4), 464\u2013472.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18060721","volume":"177","author":"DO Perkins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perkins, D. O., Olde Loohuis, L., Barbee, J., Ford, J., Jeffries, C. D., Addington, J., Bearden, C. E., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., Mathalon, D. H., McGlashan, T. H., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M., Walker, E. F., & Woods, S. W. (2020). Polygenic risk score contribution to psychosis prediction in a target population of persons at clinical high risk. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(2), 155\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18060721","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1474_CR41","volume-title":"Relationship affect coding system","author":"J Peterson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peterson, J., Winter, C., Jabson, J., & Dishion, T. J. (2008). Relationship affect coding system. Unpublished Coding Manual, University of Oregon, Child and Family Center, Eugene."},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006519","volume":"7","author":"RC Pianta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pianta, R. C., Steinberg, M. S., & Rollins, K. B. (1995). The first two years of school: Teacher-child relationships and deflections in children\u2019s classroom adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 7(2), 295\u2013312.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.84.2.309","volume":"84","author":"R Plomin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., & Loehlin, J. C. (1977). Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 84(2), 309.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., De Bakker, P. I., & Daly, M. J. (2007). PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 81(3), 559\u2013575.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"7256","key":"1474_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08185","volume":"460","author":"SM Purcell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Purcell, S. M., Stone, J. L., Visscher, P. M., O\u2019Donovan, M. C., Sullivan, P. F., & Sklar, P. (2009). Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature, 460(7256), 748\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08185","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1977","unstructured":"Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385\u2013401.","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"5","key":"1474_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00355","volume":"72","author":"MK Rothbart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: the Children\u2019s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00355","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614534211","volume":"3","author":"JE Salvatore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salvatore, J. E., Aliev, F., Bucholz, K., Agrawal, A., Hesselbrock, V., Hesselbrock, M., Bauer, L., Kuperman, S., Schuckit, M. A., Kramer, J. R., Edenberg, H. J., Foroud, T. M., & Dick, D. M. (2015). Polygenic risk for externalizing disorders: Gene-by-development and gene-by-environment effects in adolescents and young adults. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(2), 189\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702614534211","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2307\/1129703","volume":"54","author":"S Scarr","year":"1983","unstructured":"Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: a theory of genotype \u2192 environment effects. Child Development, 54(2), 424\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1129703","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-017-9368-3","volume":"35","author":"JA Schwartz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz, J. A., Solomon, S. J., & Valgardson, B. A. (2019). Socialization, selection, or both? The role of gene\u2013environment interplay in the association between exposure to antisocial peers and delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 35(1), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10940-017-9368-3","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Criminology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1474_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916316","volume":"21","author":"DS Shaw","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shaw, D. S., & Bell, R. Q. (1993). Developmental theories of parental contributors to antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21(5), 493\u2013518.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009599208790","volume":"3","author":"DS Shaw","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shaw, D. S., Bell, R. Q., & Gilliom, M. (2000). A truly early starter model of antisocial behavior revisited. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3(3), 155\u2013172.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.1.1","volume":"74","author":"DS Shaw","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Supplee, L., Gardner, F., & Arnds, K. (2006). Randomized trial of a family-centered approach to the prevention of early conduct problems: 2-year effects of the family check-up in early childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.74.1.1","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1474_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.189","volume":"39","author":"DS Shaw","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shaw, D. S., Gilliom, M., Ingoldsby, E. M., & Nagin, D. S. (2003). Trajectories leading to school-age conduct problems. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 189.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000429","volume":"24","author":"DS Shaw","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shaw, D. S., Hyde, L. W., & Brennan, L. M. (2012). Early predictors of boys\u2019 antisocial trajectories. Development and Psychopathology, 24(3), 871\u2013888.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1474_CR56","unstructured":"Slutske, W. S., & Davis, C. N. (2022). Family, twin, and adoption studies in antisocial personality disorder and antisocial behavior. Textbook of Antisocial Personality Disorder, 113."},{"issue":"3","key":"1474_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.888670","volume":"43","author":"JD Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, J. D., Knoble, N. B., Zerr, A. A., Dishion, T. J., & Stormshak, E. A. (2014). Family Check-Up effects across diverse ethnic groups: Reducing early-adolescence antisocial behavior by reducing family conflict. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 400\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2014.888670","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1474_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2020.101687","volume":"68","author":"HD Tehrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tehrani, H. D., & Yamini, S. (2020). Parenting practices, self-control and anti-social behaviors: Meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Journal of Criminal Justice, 68, 101687.","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"key":"1474_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tielbeek, J. J., Johansson, A., Polderman, T. J. C., Rautiainen, M. -R., Jansen, P., Taylor, M., Tong, X., Lu, Q., Burt, A. S., Tiemeier, H., Viding, E., Plomin, R., Martin, N. G., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A. F., Montgomery, G., Beaver, K. M., Waldman, I., Gelernter, J., \u2026 for the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium collaborators. (2017). Genome-wide association studies of a broad spectrum of antisocial behavior. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(12), 1242\u20131250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3069","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3069"},{"issue":"4","key":"1474_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000510","volume":"129","author":"J van der Ende","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. (2020). Multitrait-multimethod analyses of change of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence: Predicting internalizing and externalizing DSM disorders in adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(4), 343\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000510","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1474_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2010.00576.x","volume":"16","author":"C Webster-Stratton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C., Rinaldi, J., & Reid, J. M. (2011). Long-term outcomes of incredible years parenting program: Predictors of adolescent adjustment. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16(1), 38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2010.00576.x","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health"},{"key":"1474_CR62","volume-title":"Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking","author":"M Zuckerman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press."}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01474-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01474-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01474-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T09:29:08Z","timestamp":1685352548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01474-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01474-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4986","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University of Pittsburgh (PRO13070142), University of Virginia (HSR#17795), and Arizona State University (IRB#00000278). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent or assent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}