{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:51:50Z","timestamp":1790491910610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005240","name":"Administration for Children and Families","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSP233201500071I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSP233201500071I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Co-regulation is a relatively new theoretical framework for interventions that connects developmental science to adolescent needs and provides strategies that can be applied across contexts. It also has value in shifting the focus of interventions to the role of relationships and interactions with caring adults, as well as supportive environments. This framework may be particularly salient for older youth with foster care experience whose relationships with adults and availability of developmental supports are disrupted. To understand how co-regulation aligns with current understanding of needs and supports for this population, we conducted a scoping review that involved systematically searching four databases, coding and charting relevant information, and actively engaging expert consultants and other stakeholders. Across 46 primarily descriptive articles, co-regulation was discussed most often in relation to relationships, as expected (89% of articles). Despite theoretical and empirical evidence of the benefits of supportive environments and intentional day-to-day interactions in promoting developmental skills and competencies, these two domains of co-regulation were referenced much less (39% and 28%, respectively). Results highlight opportunities for co-regulation supports that can be provided to older youth with foster care experience by caring adults and near-aged peers in a wide range of roles. Notable limitations in the literature were identified in applying co-regulation within the context of employment and career readiness, healthy relationships, and teen parenting. Also under-researched is the role of adult self-regulation skills and co-regulation approaches for youth from diverse backgrounds, including those who identify as LGBTQ or have disabilities. Considerations for practice and future research are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-023-01531-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T04:02:35Z","timestamp":1682049755000},"page":"1187-1197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Co-Regulation as a Support for Older Youth in the Context of Foster Care: a Scoping Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-1665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree W.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Rackers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleta","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly Jedd","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1531_CR1","unstructured":"AECF (2015). What young people need to thrive: Leveraging the Strengthening Families Act to promote normalcy. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/assets.aecf.org\/m\/resourcedoc\/aecf-whatyoungpeopleneedtothrive-2015.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey, H., & O\u2019Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice"},{"key":"1531_CR3","unstructured":"Barth, R. P., & Lloyd, C. (2010). Five\u2010year developmental outcomes for young children remaining in foster care, returned home or adopted. In How Does Foster Care Work?: International Evidence on Outcomes. Jessica Kingsley."},{"key":"1531_CR4","unstructured":"Baumgartner, S., Frei, A., Paulsell, D., Herman-Stahl, M., Dunn, R., & Yamamoto, C. (2020). Self-regulation training approaches and resources to improve staff capacity for implementing healthy marriage programs for youth. OPRE Report #2020\u2013122. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/opre\/report\/self-regulation-training-approaches-and-resources-improve-staff-capacity-implementing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/CFS.12265","volume":"22","author":"AS Benesh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benesh, A. S., & Cui, M. (2017). Foster parent training programmes for foster youth: A content review. Child & Family Social Work, 22(1), 548\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CFS.12265","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"1531_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/S11121-016-0635-6","volume":"19","author":"A Biglan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Biglan, A. (2018). The ultimate goal of prevention and the larger context for translation. Prevention Science\u202f: THe Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 19(3), 328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11121-016-0635-6","journal-title":"Prevention Science : THe Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research"},{"key":"1531_CR7","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Caseload and workload management. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children\u2019s Bureau. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https:\/\/www.childwelfare.gov\/pubPDFs\/case_work_management.pdf"},{"key":"1531_CR8","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Bureau. (2020). The AFCARS Report #27. https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/cb\/afcarsreport27.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"1531_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01233-x","volume":"49","author":"KM Christensen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Christensen, K. M., Hagler, M. A., Stams, G. J., Raposa, E. B., Burton, S., & Rhodes, J. E. (2020). Non-specific versus targeted approaches to youth mentoring: A follow-up meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(5), 959\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01233-x","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"1531_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S10802-020-00759-9","volume":"2021","author":"EM Cohodes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohodes, E. M., Preece, D. A., McCauley, S., Rogers, M. K., Gross, J. J., & Gee, D. G. (2021). Development and validation of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 2021, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10802-020-00759-9","journal-title":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology"},{"key":"1531_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dahl, R. E., Allen, N. B., Wilbrecht, L., & Suleiman, A. B. (2018). Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective. Nature 2018 554:7693, 554(7693), 441\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25770","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25770"},{"key":"1531_CR12","unstructured":"Dettlaff, A. (2015). Racial disproportionality and disparities in the child welfare system. In T. LaLiberte, T. Crudo, H. Ombisa Skallet, & P. Day (Eds.), CW360: Culturally Responsive Child Welfare Practice (p. 4). Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota."},{"key":"1531_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412996907","author":"DL Dubois","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dubois, D. L., & Karcher, M. (2013). Handbook of Youth Mentoring. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412996907","journal-title":"Handbook of Youth Mentoring."},{"key":"1531_CR14","unstructured":"Fathallah, S., & Sullivan, S. (2021). Away from home: Youth experiences of institutional placements in foster care.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0www.thinkof-us.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827619849028","volume":"15","author":"CA Frosch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frosch, C. A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., & O\u2019Banion, D. D. (2021). Parenting and child development: A relational health perspective. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 15(1), 45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1559827619849028","journal-title":"American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"1531_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/S11121-015-0555-X\/TABLES\/3","volume":"16","author":"DC Gottfredson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gottfredson, D. C., Cook, T. D., Gardner, F. E. M., Gorman-Smith, D., Howe, G. W., Sandler, I. N., & Zafft, K. M. (2015). Standards of evidence for efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research in prevention science: Next generation. Prevention Science, 16(7), 893\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11121-015-0555-X\/TABLES\/3","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"1531_CR17","unstructured":"Greeson, J. K. P., Briggs, E. C., Kisiel, C. L., Layne, C. M., Ake, G. S., Ko, S. J., Gerrity, E. T., Steinberg, A. M., Howard, M. L., Pynoos, R. S., & Fairbank, J. A. (2011). Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. Child Welfare, 90(6), 91\u2013108.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22533044"},{"key":"1531_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHILDYOUTH.2016.09.002","volume":"70","author":"EP Hambrick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hambrick, E. P., Oppenheim-Weller, S., & N\u2019zi, A. M., & Taussig, H. N. (2016). Mental health interventions for children in foster care: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CHILDYOUTH.2016.09.002","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"1531_CR19","unstructured":"Haydon, A., & Kendall-Taylor, N. (2016). Communicating scientific findings about adolescence and self-regulation: Challenges and opportunities. OPRE Report 2015\u201378.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/opre\/index.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"1531_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/CFS.12413","volume":"23","author":"CG Hebert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hebert, C. G., & Kulkin, H. (2018). An investigation of foster parent training needs. Child & Family Social Work, 23(2), 256\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CFS.12413","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1196\/ANNALS.1308.003","volume":"1021","author":"AE Kelley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelley, A. E., Schochet, T., & Landry, C. F. (2004). Risk taking and novelty seeking in adolescence: Introduction to part I. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021(1), 27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/ANNALS.1308.003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"1531_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kemmis-Riggs, J., Dickes, A., & McAloon, J. (2018). Program components of psychosocial interventions in foster and kinship care: A systematic review. In Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 13\u201340). Springer New York LLC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-017-0247-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-017-0247-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"1531_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/JCPP.13483","volume":"63","author":"P Leijten","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leijten, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., & Gardner, F. (2022). Research review: The most effective parenting program content for disruptive child behavior \u2013 A network meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(2), 132\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JCPP.13483","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1531_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1939-0025.2012.01151.X","volume":"82","author":"J Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, J., & Julian, M. M. (2012). Developmental relationships as the active ingredient: A unifying working hypothesis of \u201cwhat works\u201d across intervention settings. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 157\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1939-0025.2012.01151.X","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR25","unstructured":"McKenzie, K. J. (2020).\u00a0Building capacity in foster care to support the self-regulation development of adolescents and young adults: meeting summary. OPRE Report #2020-56, Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"1531_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/S10566-011-9153-7\/METRICS","volume":"41","author":"LL Meschke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meschke, L. L., Peter, C. R., & Bartholomae, S. (2012). Developmentally appropriate practice to promote healthy adolescent development: Integrating research and practice. Child and Youth Care Forum, 41(1), 89\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10566-011-9153-7\/METRICS","journal-title":"Child and Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"1531_CR27","unstructured":"Meyer, A., Margie, N., Caal, S., Blitz, C., Woolverton, M., & Illangasekare, S. (2022). Making evaluations rigorous and relevant: The role of active engagement in Developing Learning agendas for the Division of Family Strengthening. OPRE Report #2022\u201310.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/opre\/report\/making-evaluations-rigorous-and-relevant-role-active-engagement-development-learning"},{"issue":"7","key":"1531_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010076108","volume":"108","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B. W., Ross, S., Sears, M. R., Thomson, W. M., & Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 2693\u20132698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1010076108","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"1531_CR29","unstructured":"Murray, D. W., Rackers, H., Sepulveda, K., & Malm, K. (2021). Caring adults guide: How to support older youth with foster care experience through co-regulation. OPRE Report #2021\u2013246. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"1531_CR30","unstructured":"Murray, D. W., Rosanbalm, K., & Christopoulos, C. (2016). Self-regulation and toxic stress report 3: A comprehensive review of self-regulation interventions from birth through young adulthood. OPRE Report #2016\u201334.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/fpg.unc.edu\/publications\/self-regulation-and-toxic-stress-report-3-comprehensive-review-self-regulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1531_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-019-00556-1","volume":"40","author":"DW Murray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murray, D. W., Rosanbalm, K., Christopoulos, C., & Meyer, A. L. (2019). An applied contextual model for promoting self-regulation enactment across development: Implications for prevention, public health and future research. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 40(4), 367\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-019-00556-1","journal-title":"The Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"key":"1531_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NASEM (2019). The promise of adolescence. The National Academies Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25388","DOI":"10.17226\/25388"},{"key":"1531_CR33","unstructured":"National Resource Center for Diligent Recruitment. (2015a). Going beyond recruitment for older youth: Increasing your system\u2019s capacity to respond to prospective parents and prepare older youth for adoption.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/adoptuskids.org\/_assets\/files\/NRCDR-org\/going-beyond-recruitmentfor-older-youth.pdf"},{"key":"1531_CR34","unstructured":"OPRE (2016). The Administration for Children & Families common framework for research and evaluation. OPRE Report #2016\u201314.\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/opre\/acf_common_framework_for_research_and_evaluation_v02_a.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"1531_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0563-0","volume":"48","author":"AM Salazar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salazar, A. M., Keller, T. E., Gowen, L. K., & Courtney, M. E. (2013). Trauma exposure and PTSD among older adolescents in foster care. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(4), 545\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-012-0563-0","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"1531_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sucharew, H., & Macaluso, M. (2019). Methods for research evidence synthesis: The scoping review approach. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 14(7), 416\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/jhm.3248","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3248"},{"key":"1531_CR37","unstructured":"Search Institute (2020). The intersection of developmental relationships, equitable environments, and SEL [Insights & Evidence Series].\u00a0Retrieved April 15, 2021, from\u00a0https:\/\/www.search-institute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Insights-Evidence-DRs-DEI.SEL-FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"1531_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L., Pascoe, J., Wood, D. L., High, P. C., Donoghue, E., Fussell, J. J., Gleason, M. M., Jaudes, P. K., Jones, V. F., Rubin, D. M., Schulte, E. E., Macias, M. M., Bridgemohan, C., Fussell, J., \u2026 Wegner, L. M. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), e232\u2013e246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663"},{"key":"1531_CR39","unstructured":"Steinberg, L. (2014). Adolescence (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"1531_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Storer, H. L., Barkan, S. E., Stenhouse, L. L., Eichenlaub, C., Mallillin, A., & Haggerty, K. P. (2014). In search of connection: The foster youth and caregiver relationship. Children and Youth Services Review, 42(PG-110\u2013117), 110\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.04.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.04.008"},{"key":"1531_CR41","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation. (2021).\u00a0Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from www.covidence.org"}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-023-01531-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-023-01531-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-023-01531-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T23:11:24Z","timestamp":1691968284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-023-01531-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-023-01531-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4986","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was a review of the literature and did not include human participants or human participant data; therefore, ethics approval was not needed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the US Department of Health and Human Services.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}