{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T04:06:26Z","timestamp":1751342786179,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This introductory article describes this Special Issue entitled <jats:italic>Prevention Science and Youth Conduct Problems: Development, Prevention, and Treatment<\/jats:italic> that is being offered in recognition of the research and scientific contributions of Dr. Robert J.\u00a0McMahon. This Special Issue includes a collection of 15 original empirical research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and theoretical pieces spanning three themes consistent with Dr. McMahon\u2019s program of research: (1) risk and protective factors in the development and maintenance of youth conduct problems; (2) family based preventive and treatment interventions for youth\u00a0conduct problems; and (3) multicomponent preventive and treatment interventions for youth\u00a0conduct problems. Following these articles, this Special Issue contains two commentaries from experts in the fields of youth conduct problems and prevention science, as well as a reflection from Dr. McMahon. Our introduction provides a brief synopsis of each article contained in the Special Issue, identifying how these works reflect upon and were inspired by Dr. McMahon\u2019s research legacy and how they advance understanding of conduct problems. We close this introduction with thoughts regarding future research directions that will extend Dr. McMahon\u2019s impressive impact on the field of youth conduct problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-025-01808-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T21:51:08Z","timestamp":1745272268000},"page":"473-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Introduction to the Special Issue: Prevention Science and Youth Conduct Problems: Development, Prevention, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Racz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Goulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1808_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bellamy, N. A., Salekin, R. T., Racz, S. J., & De Los Reyes, A. (2024). A multi-dimensional, multi-informant examination of adolescent psychopathy and its links to parental monitoring: The moderating role of resting arousal.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01753-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01753-z"},{"key":"1808_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bennett, T., Georgiades, K., Gonzalez, A., Janus, M., Lipman, E., Pires, P., Prime, H., Duku, E., Jambon, M., McLennan, J. D., Gross, J., & Making the Race Fair Study Team. (2024). Targeted child mental health prevention and parenting support within a Canadian context: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the US-developed Family Check-Up\u00ae.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01741-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01741-3"},{"key":"1808_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Can\u00e1rio, A. C., Pinto, R., Silva-Martins, M., Rienks, K., Akik, B. K., Stanke, K. M., David, O., K\u0131z\u0131ltepe, R., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Thongseiratch, T., & Leijten, P. (2024). Online parenting programs for children\u2019s behavioral and emotional problems: A network meta-analysis.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01735-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01735-1"},{"key":"1808_CR4","unstructured":"Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2020).\u00a0The Fast Track program for children at risk: Preventing antisocial behavior. Guilford Press."},{"key":"1808_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Craig, S. G., Frankiewicz, K., Stearns, N. R., Girard-Lapointe, J., Cortese, A., Vogel, N., & Pepler, D. J. (2025). What do we know about the Stop Now and Plan Program? A systematic review and meta-analysis of an early invention for children and youth with conduct problems.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01788-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-025-01788-w"},{"key":"1808_CR6","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., & Kavanagh, K. (2003).\u00a0Intervening in adolescent problem behavior: A family-centered approach. Guilford Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1808_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1037\/e495502006-010","volume":"1","author":"TJ Dishion","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1(1), 61\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/e495502006-010","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"1808_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01195.x","volume":"79","author":"TJ Dishion","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dishion, T. J., Shaw, D., Connell, A., Gardner, F., Weaver, C., & Wilson, M. (2008). The family check-up with high-risk indigent families: Preventing problem behavior by increasing parents\u2019 positive behavior support in early childhood. Child Development, 79(5), 1395\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01195.x","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1808_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13060786","volume":"172","author":"KA Dodge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dodge, K. A., Bierman, K. L., Coie, J. D., Greenberg, M. T., Lochman, J. E., McMahon, R. J., & Pinderhughes, E. E. (2015). Impact of early intervention on psychopathology, crime, and well-being at age 25. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(1), 59\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13060786","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"1808_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fainsilber Katz, L., Kerns, S. E. U, Gurtovenko, K., Pasalich, D., Goulter, N., Dorsey, S., Pullmann, M. D., Dawson, A., Galtieri, L. R., & McMahon, R. J. (2025). Integrating parent management and emotion coaching for young children with callous-unemotional traits. [Manuscript submitted for publication].","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2025.101808"},{"key":"1808_CR11","volume-title":"Helping the noncompliant child: A clinician\u2019s guide to parent training","author":"RL Forehand","year":"1981","unstructured":"Forehand, R. L., & McMahon, R. J. (1981). Helping the noncompliant child: A clinician\u2019s guide to parent training. Guilford Press."},{"key":"1808_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fosco, G. M., Van Ryzin, M. J., Feinberg, M. E., & Lee, H. (2024). Cascading effects of the family context in adolescence: Implications for young adult antisocial behavior and intergenerational transmission of risk.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01727-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01727-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"1808_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.664815","volume":"41","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frick, P. J. (2012). Developmental pathways to conduct disorders: Implications for future directions in research, assessment, and treatment. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(3), 378\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2012.664815","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1808_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goulter, N., McMahon, R. J., Pasalich, D. S., & Dodge, K. A. (2020). Indirect effects of early parenting on adult antisocial outcomes via adolescent conduct disorder symptoms and callous-unemotional traits.\u00a0Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 49(6), 930\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2019.1613999","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2019.1613999"},{"key":"1808_CR42","unstructured":"Greenberg, M. (in press). Honoring the work of Robert McMahon: A commentary on this special issue. Prevention Science."},{"key":"1808_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heilman, M. E., Lochman, J. E., Laird, R. D., McDonald, K. L., Barth, J. M., Powell, N. P., Boxmeyer, C. L., & White, B. A. (2025). Can peer acceptance and perceptual accuracy impact the effectiveness of two formats of a preventative intervention on functional subtypes of aggression in youth?\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01767-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-025-01767-1"},{"key":"1808_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Highlander, A., Parent, J., & Jones, D. J. (2024). Helping the noncompliant child and child behavior outcomes: An exploratory examination of financial strain.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01749-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01749-9"},{"key":"1808_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kemp, E. C., Clark, J. E., Matlasz, T. M., & Frick, P. J. (2024). Associations between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and emotion recognition abilities in school children: The influence of conduct problems and age.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01746-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01746-y"},{"key":"1808_CR18","unstructured":"Kimonis, E. R., Frick, P. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2014). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 145\u2013179). Guilford Press."},{"key":"1808_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lansford, J. E., Godwin, J., Rothenberg, W. A., Alampay, L. P., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Gurdal, S., Junla, D., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Tirado, L. M. U., & Yotanyamaneewong, S. (2024). Parenting risk and protective factors in the development of conduct problems in seven countries.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01743-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01743-1"},{"key":"1808_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, K., & Zheng, Y. (2025). Convergence and divergence in adolescent- and parent-reported daily parental positive reinforcement: Dynamic links with adolescent emotional and behavioral problems.\u00a0Developmental Psychology, 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dev0001947","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001947"},{"issue":"5","key":"1808_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2019.1567349","volume":"48","author":"JE Lochman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lochman, J. E., Boxmeyer, C. L., Kassing, F. L., Powell, N. P., & Stromeyer, S. L. (2019). Cognitive-behavioral interventions for youth at-risk for conduct problems: Future directions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(5), 799\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2019.1567349","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1808_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCabe, G., Godwin, J. W., Rothenberg, W. A., Goulter, N., Lansford, J. E., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2024). Fast Track intervention effects and mechanisms of action through established adulthood.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01736-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01736-0"},{"key":"1808_CR23","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., & Forehand, R. L. (2003).\u00a0Helping the noncompliant child: Family-based treatment for oppositional behavior\u00a0(2nd ed.). Guilford Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"1808_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3403_6","volume":"34","author":"RJ McMahon","year":"2005","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., & Frick, P. J. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of conduct problems in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34(3), 477\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp3403_6","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1808_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1894566","volume":"50","author":"RJ McMahon","year":"2021","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., Goulter, N., & Frick, P. J. (2021). Moderators of psychosocial intervention response for children and adolescents with conduct problems. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(4), 525\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2021.1894566","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1808_CR26","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., Kerns, S. E. U, Gurtovenko, K., Goulter, N., Pasalich, D. S., Dawson, A., Galtieri, L. R., Dorsey, S., Pullmann, M. D., & Fainsilber Katz, L. (2025). Pilot RCT integrating PMT and emotion coaching for children with callous-unemotional traits. [Manuscript submitted for publication]."},{"key":"1808_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753385.ch17","volume-title":"Handbook of interventions that work with children and adolescents: Prevention and treatment","author":"RJ McMahon","year":"2004","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., & Kotler, J. S. (2004). Treatment of conduct problems in children and adolescents. In P. M. Barrett & T. H. Ollendick (Eds.), Handbook of interventions that work with children and adolescents: Prevention and treatment (pp. 395\u2013425). Wiley."},{"key":"1808_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6297-3_7","volume-title":"Clinical handbook of assessing and treating conduct problems in youth","author":"RJ McMahon","year":"2011","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., Long, N., & Forehand, R. L. (2011). Parent training for the treatment of oppositional behavior in young children: Helping the noncompliant child. In R. Murrihy, A. Kidman, & T. Ollendick (Eds.), Clinical handbook of assessing and treating conduct problems in youth (pp. 163\u2013191). Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"1808_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020796","volume":"119","author":"McMahon, R. J., Witkiewitz, K., Kotler, J. S., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group","year":"2010","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., Witkiewitz, K., Kotler, J. S., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2010). Predictive validity of callous\u2013unemotional traits measured in early adolescence with respect to multiple antisocial outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(4), 752\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0020796","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1808_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0059-y","volume":"44","author":"Pasalich, D. S., Witkiewitz, K., McMahon, R. J., Pinderhughes, E. E., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pasalich, D. S., Witkiewitz, K., McMahon, R. J., Pinderhughes, E. E., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2016). Indirect effects of the fast track intervention on conduct disorder symptoms and callous-unemotional traits: Distinct pathways involving discipline and warmth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(3), 587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-015-0059-y","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"1808_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-024-00490-7","volume":"27","author":"WE Pelham III","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pelham, W. E., III., Racz, S. J., Davis, I. S., Aks, I. R., Patel, H., McMahon, R. J., Thornburg, M. A., Huang, Y.-T.W., Schulze, E. M., Gonzalez, O., Tapert, S. F., & Brown, S. A. (2024). What is parental monitoring? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 27, 576\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-024-00490-7","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"1808_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prinz, R. J., Smith, E. P., & Tennie, B. (2024). A multicomponent preventive intervention in the early elementary years: A look at academic and social adjustment outcomes.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01748-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01748-w"},{"key":"1808_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Racz, S. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2011). The relationship between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems: A 10-year update. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(4), 377\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-011-0099-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-011-0099-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"1808_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419000993","volume":"31","author":"SJ Racz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Racz, S. J., McMahon, R. J., King, K. M., Pinderhughes, E. E., & Bendez\u00fa, J. J. (2019). Kindergarten antecedents of the developmental course of active and passive parental monitoring strategies during middle childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1675\u20131694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579419000993","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1808_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stormshak, E., Connell, A., Mauricio, A. M., McLaughlin, M., & Caruthers, A. (2024). Digital health delivery of parenting skills to improve conduct problems in middle school youth across two distinct randomized trials.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01750-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01750-2"},{"key":"1808_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suarez, G. L., Shaw, D. S., Wilson, M. N., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Hyde, L. W. (2024). Inhibitory control in late childhood as a predictor of antisocial behavior in adolescence and the role of social context.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01754-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01754-y"},{"key":"1808_CR41","unstructured":"Tolan, P. H. (in press). The multiple avenues of contribution of Robert McMahon to prevention science. Prevention Science."},{"key":"1808_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turner, K. M., & Sanders, M. R. (2024). Finding solutions to scaling parenting programs that work: A systems-contextual approach.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01755-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01755-x"},{"key":"1808_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Li, K., Zheng, H., & Pasalich, D. S. (2024). Daily associations between parental warmth and discipline and adolescent conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits.\u00a0Prevention Science, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-024-01740-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01740-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"1808_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2019.1678166","volume":"51","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., & McMahon, R. J. (2022). Lability in parental warmth in childhood: Antecedents and early adolescent outcomes. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 51(5), 610\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2019.1678166","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1808_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0665-0","volume":"18","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Pasalich, D. S., Oberth, C., McMahon, R. J., & Pinderhughes, E. E. (2017). Capturing parenting as a multidimensional and dynamic construct with a person-oriented approach. Prevention Science, 18(3), 281\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-016-0665-0","journal-title":"Prevention Science"}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01808-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01808-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01808-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T09:51:07Z","timestamp":1751277067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01808-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-025-01808-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1389-4986"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-6695"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"None required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}