{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:51:44Z","timestamp":1785826304160,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01MH069940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH069940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01MH069928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH069928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32MH018921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32MH018921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adolescents exposed to parental depression are at increased risk of developing internalizing and externalizing disorders. The Family Group Cognitive Behavioral (FGCB) intervention (Compas et al., 2015) is an evidence-based prevention program designed to reduce this risk by enhancing youth coping skills. However, it remains unclear which youth benefit most from this intervention. Competence, an indicator of youth resilience, may help identify those most likely to respond. This randomized controlled trial examined whether baseline youth competence moderated the effect of FGCB on coping at 6-month follow-up and whether improved coping subsequently mediated reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms at 12\u00a0months. Participants included 180 youth (ages 9\u201315;\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911.46\u00a0years,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.00) and their parents with a history of depression, randomly assigned to either the FGCB intervention or a written information control condition. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that FGCB significantly improved coping only among youth with average to high levels of competence. In turn, coping predicted lower internalizing symptoms. Findings highlight competence as a key factor shaping intervention response and emphasize the need for tailored prevention efforts to support at-risk youth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-026-01956-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:34:55Z","timestamp":1785825295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Competence and Coping in the Family Group Cognitive Behavioral (FGCB) Preventive Intervention: a Moderated Mediation Model in Youth at Risk for Depression"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6970-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail E.","family":"Pine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rex","family":"Forehand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Compas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1956_CR1","volume-title":"Manual for ASEBA school-age forms and profiles","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families."},{"issue":"4","key":"1956_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/10634266020100040101","volume":"10","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2002","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2002). Ten-year comparisons of problems and competencies for national samples of youth: Self, parent, and teacher reports. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 10(4), 194\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10634266020100040101","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders"},{"key":"1956_CR3","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"LS Aiken","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage."},{"issue":"11","key":"1956_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.07.020","volume":"50","author":"WR Beardslee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beardslee, W. R., Gladstone, T. R. G., & O\u2019Connor, E. E. (2011). Transmission and prevention of mood disorders among children of affectively ill parents: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatRy, 50(11), 1098\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.07.020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatRy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1956_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000271","volume":"22","author":"KB Burt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burt, K. B., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). Competence and psychopathology: Cascade effects in the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 557\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579410000271","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01130.x","volume":"79","author":"KB Burt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burt, K. B., Obradovi\u0107, J., Long, J. D., & Masten, A. S. (2008). The interplay of social competence and psychopathology over 20 years: Testing transactional and cascade models. Child Development, 79(2), 359\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01130.x","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000928","volume":"93","author":"AE Ciriegio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ciriegio, A. E., Pine, A. E., Cole, D. A., McKee, L. G., Forehand, R., & Compas, B. E. (2025). Mediators of a randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for youth of parents with depressive disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 93(1), 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000928","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1956_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020459","volume":"78","author":"BE Compas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Compas, B. E., Champion, J. E., Forehand, R., Cole, D. A., Reeslund, K. L., Fear, J., Hardcastle, E. J., Keller, G., Rakow, A., Garai, E., Merchant, M. J., & Roberts, L. (2010). Coping and parenting: Mediators of 12-month outcomes of a family group cognitive\u2013behavioral preventive intervention with families of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(5), 623\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0020459","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1956_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039053","volume":"83","author":"B Compas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Compas, B., Forehand, R., Thigpen, J., Hardcastle, E., Garai, E., McKee, L., Keller, G., Dunbar, J., Watson, K., Rakow, A., Bettis, A., Reising, M., Cole, D., & Sterba, S. (2015). Efficacy and moderators of family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for children of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(3), 541\u2013553.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1956_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.6.976","volume":"68","author":"JK Connor-Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Connor-Smith, J. K., Compas, B. E., Wadsworth, M. E., Thomsen, A. H., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 976\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.68.6.976","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1956_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0730","volume":"72","author":"WE Copeland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Shanahan, L., & Costello, E. J. (2015). Adult functional outcomes of common childhood psychiatric problems: A prospective. Longitudinal Study. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(9), 892\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0730","journal-title":"Longitudinal Study. JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1956_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x","volume":"52","author":"EJ Costello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(10), 1015\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1956_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07091422","volume":"165","author":"P Cuijpers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Smit, F., Mihalopoulos, C., & Beekman, A. (2008). Preventing the onset of depressive disorders: A meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(10), 1272\u20131280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07091422","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523","volume":"77","author":"S Dalsgaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalsgaard, S., Thorsteinsson, E., Trabjerg, B. B., Schullehner, J., Plana-Ripoll, O., Brikell, I., Wimberley, T., Thygesen, M., Madsen, K. B., Timmerman, A., Schendel, D., McGrath, J. J., Mortensen, P. B., & Pedersen, C. B. (2020). Incidence rates and cumulative incidences of the full spectrum of diagnosed mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(2), 155\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1956_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, Dodge, K. A. (2007) Fast track randomized controlled trial to prevent externalizing psychiatric disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(10), 1250\u20131262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/chi.0b013e31813e5d39","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31813e5d39"},{"issue":"11","key":"1956_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0819-0","volume":"26","author":"A Eichler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eichler, A., Walz, L., Grunitz, J., Grimm, J., Van Doren, J., Raabe, E., Goecke, T. W., Fasching, P. A., Beckmann, M. W., Kornhuber, J., Kratz, O., Heinrich, H., & Moll, G. H. (2017). Children of prenatally depressed mothers: Externalizing and internalizing symptoms are accompanied by reductions in specific social-emotional competencies. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(11), 3135\u20133144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-017-0819-0","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558499141004","volume":"14","author":"J Garber","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garber, J., & Little, S. (1999). Predictors of competence among offspring of depressed mothers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(1), 44\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0743558499141004","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.11.015","volume":"34","author":"TRG Gladstone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gladstone, T. R. G., Beardslee, W. R., & O\u2019Connor, E. E. (2011). The prevention of adolescent depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 34(1), 35\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2010.11.015","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02925.x","volume":"64","author":"SH Goodman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goodman, S. H., Brogan, D., Lynch, M. E., & Fielding, B. (1993). Social and emotional competence in children of depressed mothers. Child Development, 64(2), 516\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02925.x","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-010-0080-1","volume":"14","author":"SH Goodman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-010-0080-1","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"1956_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.013","volume":"1094","author":"MT Greenberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greenberg, M. T. (2006). Promoting resilience in children and youth: Preventive interventions and their interface with neuroscience. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 139\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1376.013","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"1956_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.1.128","author":"BL Hankin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Angell, K. E., Silva, P. A., & McGee, R. (1998). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.107.1.128","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1956_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579402004078","volume":"14","author":"SP Hinshaw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hinshaw, S. P. (2002). Intervention research, theoretical mechanisms, and causal processes related to externalizing behavior patterns. Development and Psychopathology, 14(4), 789\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579402004078","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200202000-00012","volume":"41","author":"MB Hofstra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hofstra, M. B., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2002). Child and adolescent problems predict DSM-IV disorders in adulthood: A 14-year follow-up of a Dutch epidemiological sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 182\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-200202000-00012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1956_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.3.401","volume":"74","author":"JL Horowitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Horowitz, J. L., & Garber, J. (2006). The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 401\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.74.3.401","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-022-01456-3","volume":"24","author":"G Howe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Howe, G., & Leijten, P. (2023). When is it time to revise or adapt our prevention programs? Introduction to special issue on using baseline target moderation to assess variation in prevention impact. Prevention Science, 24(2), 199\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01456-3","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"1956_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Rescorla, L. A., Dumenci, L., Almqvist, F., Bilenberg, N., Bird, H., Broberg, A. G., Dobrean, A., D\u00f6pfner, M., Erol, N., Forns, M., Hannesdottir, H., Kanbayashi, Y., Lambert, M. C., Leung, P., Minaei, A., Mulatu, M. S., Novik, T., \u2026, & Verhulst, F. C. (2007). The generalizability of the Youth Self-Report syndrome structure in 23 societies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 729\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.75.5.729","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.5.729"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3401_18","volume":"34","author":"SS Jaser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jaser, S. S., Langrock, A. M., Keller, G., Merchant, M. J., Benson, M. A., Reeslund, K., Champion, J. E., & Compas, B. E. (2005). Coping with the stress of parental depression II: Adolescent and parent reports of coping and adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 193\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp3401_18","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1956_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410802359742","volume":"37","author":"SS Jaser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jaser, S. S., Fear, J. M., Reeslund, K. L., Champion, J. E., Reising, M. M., & Compas, B. E. (2008). Maternal sadness and adolescents\u2019 responses to stress in offspring of mothers with and without a history of depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(4), 736\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374410802359742","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"1956_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-100217","volume":"17","author":"SA Jolie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jolie, S. A., Onyeka, O. C., Torres, S., DiClemente, C., Richards, M., & Santiago, C. D. (2021). Violence, place, and strengthened space: A review of immigration stress, violence exposure, and intervention for immigrant Latinx youth and families. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 127\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-100217","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01204.x","volume":"17","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., Whittington, C., & Dattilio, F. (2010). Meta-analysis of homework effects in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A replication and extension. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17(2), 144\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01204.x","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"1956_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2013.838804","volume":"68","author":"M Korhonen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korhonen, M., Luoma, I., Salmelin, R., & Tamminen, T. (2014). Maternal depressive symptoms: Associations with adolescents\u2019 internalizing and externalizing problems and social competence. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 68(5), 323\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08039488.2013.838804","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04926-2","volume":"23","author":"J L\u00f6chner","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f6chner, J., Platt, B., Starman-W\u00f6hrle, K., Takano, K., Engelmann, L., Voggt, A., Loy, F., Bley, M., Winogradow, D., H\u00e4mmerle, S., Neumeier, E., Wermuth, I., Schmitt, K., Oort, F., & Schulte-K\u00f6rne, G. (2023). A randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: Mid-term effects, mediators and moderators. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), Article 455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-023-04926-2","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1956_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579410000222","volume":"22","author":"AS Masten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579410000222","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.53.2.205","volume":"53","author":"AS Masten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments. Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.53.2.205","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"1956_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000362","volume":"22","author":"AS Masten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., Desjardins, C. D., McCormick, C. M., Kuo, S.I.-C., & Long, J. D. (2010). The significance of childhood competence and problems for adult success in work: A developmental cascade analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 679\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579410000362","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1956_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307","volume":"17","author":"AS Masten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., Lucke, C. M., Nelson, K. M., & Stallworthy, I. C. (2021). Resilience in development and psychopathology: Multisystem perspectives. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 521\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1956_CR39","unstructured":"Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1995). Competence, resilience, and psychopathology. In D. [Ed Cicchetti & D. J. [Ed Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 2: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (pp. 715\u2013752, 908 Pages). John Wiley & Sons."},{"issue":"10","key":"1956_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","volume":"49","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410903401120","volume":"39","author":"J Obradovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Obradovic, J., Burt, K. B., & Masten, A. S. (2010). Testing a dual cascade model linking competence and symptoms over 20 years from childhood to adulthood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 39(1), 90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374410903401120","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53"},{"issue":"4","key":"1956_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019817","volume":"46","author":"RCM Pargas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pargas, R. C. M., Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C., & Le Brocque, R. (2010). Resilience to maternal depression in young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 805\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0019817","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-022-01457-2","volume":"24","author":"R Parra-Cardona","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parra-Cardona, R. (2023). Baseline target moderation and baseline target moderation mediation approaches: Reflections on cultural adaptation and social justice. Prevention Science, 24(2), 304\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-022-01457-2","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701341316","volume":"42","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00273170701341316","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"1956_CR45","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2024). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 2024.12.0+467) [R Foundation for Statistical Computing]. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"1956_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-018-0932-3","volume":"19","author":"WM Reinke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reinke, W. M., Herman, K. C., & Dong, N. (2018). The incredible years teacher classroom management program: Outcomes from a group randomized trial. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 19(8), 1043\u20131054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-018-0932-3","journal-title":"Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research"},{"key":"1956_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"1956_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.71.3.587","volume":"71","author":"IN Sandler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., Wolchik, S. A., Tein, J.-Y., Kwok, O.-M., Haine, R. A., Twohey-Jacobs, J., Suter, J., Lin, K., Padgett-Jones, S., Weyer, J. L., Cole, E., Kriege, G., & Griffin, W. A. (2003). The family bereavement program: Efficacy evaluation of a theory-based prevention program for parentally bereaved children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(3), 587\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006x.71.3.587","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"Volume 58, 2007","key":"1956_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085705","volume":"58","author":"EA Skinner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skinner, E. A., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2007). The development of coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(Volume 58, 2007), 119\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085705","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1956_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12467","volume":"87","author":"LC Sorensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sorensen, L. C., Dodge, K. A., Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2016). How does the fast track intervention prevent adverse outcomes in young adulthood? Child Development, 87(2), 429\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12467","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00845124","volume":"10","author":"PP Vitaliano","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vitaliano, P. P., Maiuro, R. D., Russo, J., & Becker, J. (1987). Raw versus relative scores in the assessment of coping strategies. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00845124","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1956_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20008","volume":"32","author":"ME Wadsworth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wadsworth, M. E., Rieckmann, T., Benson, M. A., & Compas, B. E. (2004). Coping and responses to stress in Navajo adolescents: Psychometric properties of the responses to stress questionnaire. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(4), 391\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.20008","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1956_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941900169X","volume":"33","author":"SA Wolchik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolchik, S. A., Tein, J.-Y., Winslow, E., Minney, J., Sandler, I. N., & Masten, A. S. (2021). Developmental cascade effects of a parenting-focused program for divorced families on competence in emerging adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 33(1), 201\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095457941900169X","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01956-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01956-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01956-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:34:58Z","timestamp":1785825298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01956-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["1956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01956-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4986","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Vanderbilt University and the University of Vermont and were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent and assent were obtained from parents and adolescents, respectively.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The original trial was registered with\n                      \n                      (Identifier NCT00183482; first posted October 2005).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Registration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}