{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:09:18Z","timestamp":1788775758101,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Fund for a Safer Future"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study examines the prevalence, characteristics, and behavioral responses associated with firearm thefts from vehicles in the United States. Data are from a national survey of firearm owners conducted by YouGov in February\u2013March 2026 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091,976). Overall, 2.7% of respondents reported having experienced a firearm theft from a vehicle. Multivariable Firth logistic regression analyses indicated that older age was associated with lower odds of experiencing a theft, while non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents had significantly higher odds compared to non-Hispanic White respondents. Among those reporting a theft (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200953), most incidents involved a single event and primarily included handguns. Thefts most commonly occurred from pickup trucks, sedans, and sport utility vehicles, often in residential settings such as driveways or nearby streets, and frequently during late-night hours. Methods of entry included forced access, breaking windows, or exploiting unlocked vehicles. Firearms were typically stored in accessible locations such as glove compartments, center consoles, or under seats. Respondents reported limited use of dedicated locking devices. Following a theft, 85% of respondents reported the incident to law enforcement and provided identifying information about the firearm (i.e., make\/model; serial number); however, most stolen firearms were not recovered. Following the theft incident, most respondents reported behavioral modifications such as removing firearms from unattended vehicles (72.9%) or improving vehicle security with technology (29%). Replication is needed with larger samples and research on the efficacy of firearm theft prevention from vehicles through education, secure in-vehicle storage, and related policies should be tested.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-026-01975-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:27:14Z","timestamp":1788773234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Firearm Thefts from Vehicles in the United States: Results from a National Survey of Firearm Owners"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Testa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan B.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49656","volume":"6","author":"AJ Aubel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aubel, A. J., Wintemute, G. J., & Kravitz-Wirtz, N. (2023). Optimism bias in firearm-related risk perceptions. JAMA Network Open, 6(12), Article e2349656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.49656","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981241267212","volume":"52","author":"AJ Aubel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aubel, A. J., Wintemute, G. J., Shev, A. B., & Kravitz-Wirtz, N. (2025). Optimism bias among gun owners: Associations with firearm injury prevention practices and policy support. Health Education & Behavior, 52(3), 266\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10901981241267212","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"key":"1975_CR3","unstructured":"Azrael, D., & Parker, S. (2025). Trends in Gun Theft: Leveraging Data to Inform Crime Policy. Council on Criminal Justice. https:\/\/counciloncj.org\/trends-in-gun-theft\/"},{"key":"1975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/652223","volume":"29","author":"AA Braga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Braga, A. A., Cook, P. J., Kennedy, D. M., & Moore, M. H. (2002). The illegal supply of firearms. Crime and Justice, 29, 319\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/652223","journal-title":"Crime and Justice"},{"key":"1975_CR5","unstructured":"Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. (2023). Firearm Thefts. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. https:\/\/www.google.com\/"},{"key":"1975_CR6","unstructured":"Carey, T., Fleisher, K., McCourt, A., Hoops, K., & Crifasi, C. (2025). Safe Storage Model Policy Guide. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"1975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589","volume":"44","author":"LE Cohen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2094589","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"1975_CR8","unstructured":"Colorado General Assembly. (2024). HB24\u20131348 Secure Firearm Storage in a Vehicle. https:\/\/leg.colorado.gov\/bills\/hb24-1348"},{"issue":"3","key":"1975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0253-7","volume":"95","author":"PJ Cook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cook, P. J. (2018). Gun theft and crime. Journal of Urban Health, 95(3), 305\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-018-0253-7","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"1975_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177548","volume":"23","author":"Y-A Daraghmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daraghmi, Y.-A., & Shawahna, I. (2023). Digital forensic analysis of vehicular video sensors: Dashcams as a case. Sensors, 23(17), Article 7548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23177548","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1975_CR11","unstructured":"Duong, M., Phillips, M., & Snow, C. (2025). Firearm thefts & recoveries in Colorado 2019 to 2024. Colorado Department of Public Safety, Division of Criminal Justice. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.11990\/11340"},{"key":"1975_CR12","unstructured":"Everytown for Gun Safety. (2022, May 9). Gun Thefts from Cars: The Largest Source of Stolen Guns. Everytown Research & Policy. https:\/\/everytownresearch.org\/gun-thefts-from-cars-the-largest-source-of-stolen-guns\/"},{"key":"1975_CR13","unstructured":"Fausset, R. (2023, March 25). The Largest Source of Stolen Guns? Parked Cars. The New York Times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/03\/25\/us\/illegal-guns-parked-cars.html"},{"key":"1975_CR14","unstructured":"Gallup. (2020, November 13). What Percentage of Americans Own Guns? Gallup.Com. https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/264932\/percentage-americans-own-guns.aspx"},{"issue":"1","key":"1975_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-017-0109-8","volume":"4","author":"D Hemenway","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hemenway, D., Azrael, D., & Miller, M. (2017). Whose guns are stolen? The epidemiology of gun theft victims. Injury Epidemiology, 4(1), 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-017-0109-8","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1975_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-025-00653-2","volume":"13","author":"D Hemenway","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hemenway, D., Miller, M., Mason, E., Fischer, S., & Azrael, D. (2026). Gun theft from private citizens in the US 2020\u20132024: Victims and circumstances from a national survey. Injury Epidemiology, 13(1), 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-025-00653-2","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12187","volume":"56","author":"DM Hureau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hureau, D. M., & Braga, A. A. (2018). The trade in tools: The market for illicit guns in high-risk networks. Criminology, 56(3), 510\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1745-9125.12187","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"1975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsidi.2020.200910","volume":"33","author":"HS Lallie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lallie, H. S. (2020). Dashcam forensics: A preliminary analysis of 7 dashcam devices. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 33, Article 200910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsidi.2020.200910","journal-title":"Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation"},{"key":"1975_CR19","unstructured":"Langton, L. (2012). Firearms Stolen during Household Burglaries and Other Property Crimes, 2005\u20132010. Bureau of Justice Statistics."},{"key":"1975_CR20","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2023). Reducing Racial Inequality in Crime and Justice: Science, Practice, and Policy. https:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/publications\/26705"},{"key":"1975_CR21","unstructured":"Parker, K., Horowitz, J., Igielnik, R., Oliphant, B., & Brown, A. (2017). America\u2019s Complex Relationship With Guns. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2017\/06\/22\/americas-complex-relationship-with-guns\/"},{"key":"1975_CR22","unstructured":"Remrey, L., & Smith, E., L. (2026). Crime Known to Law Enforcement, 2024. Bureau of Justice Statistics."},{"issue":"3","key":"1975_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-026-09910-6","volume":"51","author":"B Stickle","year":"2026","unstructured":"Stickle, B., & Dooley, B. D. (2026). Firearm theft in Tennessee: A short report on characteristics and trends. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 51(3), 610\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12103-026-09910-6","journal-title":"American Journal of Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"1975_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-026-00688-z","volume":"13","author":"A Testa","year":"2026","unstructured":"Testa, A., Thompson, J., Carriker, C., Jackson, D., Semenza, D., & Tsai, J. (2026). Prevalence, correlates, and patterns of leaving firearms unattended in vehicles among US firearm owners. Injury Epidemiology, 13(1), Article 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-026-00688-z","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1975_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-025-00630-9","volume":"12","author":"A Testa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Testa, A., Thompson, J., Mijares, L., Ramphul, R., Jackson, D. B., & Tsai, J. (2025). Patterns and characteristics of firearm thefts from vehicles in San Antonio, Texas. Injury Epidemiology, 12(1), Article 72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-025-00630-9","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"key":"1975_CR26","unstructured":"Virginia House of Delegates. (2026). HB110 -Handguns in unattended motor vehicle; definitions, penalty. https:\/\/lis.virginia.gov\/bill-details\/20261\/HB110"}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01975-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01975-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01975-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:27:23Z","timestamp":1788773243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01975-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["1975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01975-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4986","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study protocol was approved by the IRB at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Committee on the Protection of Human Subjects (HSC-SPH-24\u20130345).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}