{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:51:09Z","timestamp":1791669069394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-14-1-0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-14-1-0322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-16-2-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-2-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1MH131738-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1MH131738-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006831","name":"U.S. Air Force","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA701423C0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA701423C0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prev Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our tri-sector partnership (Department of the Air Force, University of Rochester, and SafeSide Prevention, LLC) developed, tested, and scaled up Wingman Guardian Connect (WGC), the first RCT-validated program shown to reduce suicide risk, depression, and occupational problems in a broad military population (Wyman et al., 2020). Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework (Aarons et al., 2011) adapted for a military context, we trace the partnership from an initial Department of Defense grant (2014) through data-driven program development, a cluster RCT demonstrating efficacy (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091500 active-duty personnel), extension to operational installations, and ongoing force-wide scale-up across 72 installations. The partnership produced three outcomes addressing long-standing barriers to reducing military suicides: (1) a network enhancement training model that replaced lecture-based prevention programming, (2) methods enabling randomized trials of universal prevention in non-clinical military populations, and (3) a data-informed implementation strategy incorporating a National Institute of Mental Health\u2013funded hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. We describe how the tri-sector model\u2014combining academic research rigor, governmental policy authority, and private-sector operational capacity\u2014overcame challenges including leadership turnover and intervention fidelity at scale. We conclude with recommendations for partnerships seeking to advance evidence-based prevention within governmental agencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-026-01993-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:47:02Z","timestamp":1791668822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tri-sector Partnership for Military Suicide Prevention: Developing, Testing, and Scaling Wingman Guardian Connect"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Wyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Goode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Aarons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Keller-Elliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Stadnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Matteson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Neal-Walden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Pflanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Linkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schmeelk-Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Cero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britni","family":"DiFiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina R.","family":"Marzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Hendricks","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0562-3","volume":"12","author":"GA Aarons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Moullin, J. C., Torres, E. M., & Green, A. E. (2017). Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: A cluster randomized trial study protocol. Implementation Science, 12(1), 29.","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0327-7","volume":"38","author":"GA Aarons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aarons, G. A., Hurlburt, M., & Horwitz, S. M. (2011). Advancing a conceptual model of evidence-based practice implementation in public service sectors. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(1), 4\u201323.","journal-title":"Administration and Policy in Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1993_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191","volume":"84","author":"A Bandura","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychology Review, 84(2), 191\u2013215.","journal-title":"Psychology Review"},{"key":"1993_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0737-1","volume":"19","author":"CH Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown, C. H., Brincks, A., Huang, S., Perrino, T., Cruden, G., Pantin, H., Howe, G., Young, J. F., Beardslee, W., Montag, S., & Sandler, I. (2018). Two-year impact of prevention programs on adolescent depression: An integrative data analysis approach. Prevention Science, 19, 74\u201394.","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"1993_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20703","volume":"66","author":"CJ Bryan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bryan, C. J., Cukrowicz, K. C., West, C. L., & Morrow, C. E. (2010). Combat experience and the acquired capability for suicide. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 1044\u20131056.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000253","volume":"35","author":"W Cross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cross, W., Pisani, A., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Xia, Y., Tu, X., Munfakh, J. L., McMahon, M., & Gould, M. (2014). Measuring trainer fidelity in the transfer of suicide prevention training. Crisis, 35(3), 202\u2013212.","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"1993_CR7","unstructured":"Department of Defense. (2012). Department of defense suicide event report (DoDSER). Defense Suicide Prevention Office. https:\/\/www.dspo.mil\/Portals\/113\/Documents\/2012-DoDSER-Annual-Report.pdf"},{"key":"1993_CR8","unstructured":"Department of Defense. (2019). DoDSER: Department of Defense Suicide Event Report. Defense Suicide Prevention Office. https:\/\/www.dspo.mil\/Portals\/113\/Documents\/CY2019%20Suicide%20Report\/DoD%20Calendar%20Year%20CY%202019%20Annual%20Suicide%20Report.pdf?ver=YOA4IZVcVA9mzwtsfdO5Ew%3d%3d"},{"key":"1993_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Druett, K., Donovan, S., Harvey, J., Mobbs, D., Bailey, A., Clark, M., & Pisani, A. (2026). Innovating military suicide prevention: Learnings from the Australian Defence SafeSide Project. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 17, 1757232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1757232","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1757232"},{"issue":"9","key":"1993_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10922","volume":"78","author":"RD Gibbons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gibbons, R. D., Kupfer, D., Frank, E., Moore, T., Beiser, D. G., & Boudreaux, E. D. (2017). Development of a computerized adaptive test suicide scale-the CAT-SS. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 78(9), 1376\u20131382.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"1993_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.14","volume":"69","author":"RD Gibbons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gibbons, R. D., Weiss, D. J., Pilkonis, P., Frank, E., Moore, T., Kim, J. B., & Kupfer, D. J. (2012). Development of a computerized adaptive test for depression. Arch Gen Psy, 69(11), 1104\u20131112.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psy"},{"key":"1993_CR12","unstructured":"IOM. (2013). Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. National Academies Press (US)."},{"key":"1993_CR13","volume-title":"Sources of strength facilitators guide: Suicide prevention peer gatekeeper training","author":"M LoMurray","year":"2005","unstructured":"LoMurray, M. (2005). Sources of strength facilitators guide: Suicide prevention peer gatekeeper training. The North Dakota Suicide Prevention Project."},{"issue":"1","key":"1993_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-018-0842-6","volume":"14","author":"JC Moullin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moullin, J. C., Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Rabin, B., & Aarons, G. A. (2019). Systematic review of the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment (EPIS) framework. Implementation Science, 14(1), 1.","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"1993_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.05.026","volume":"47","author":"National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention","year":"2014","unstructured":"National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. (2014). Improving national data systems for surveillance of suicide-related events. American Journal of Prevention Medicine, 47, S122-129.","journal-title":"American Journal of Prevention Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1993_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-019-00545-4","volume":"40","author":"AR Pisani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pisani, A. R., Wyman, P. A., Petrova, M., Judd, E., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Thiha, P., & Gurditta, K. (2019). Framework for supporting adolescent peer leaders: A pilot using text messaging in a school-based substance use prevention program. Journal of Primary Prevention, 40(2), 243\u2013254.","journal-title":"Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"key":"1993_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.037","volume":"215","author":"RC Rossom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rossom, R. C., Coleman, K. J., Ahmedani, B. K., Beck, A., Johnson, E., Oliver, M., & Simon, G. E. (2017). Suicidal ideation reported on the PHQ9 and risk of suicidal behavior across age groups. Journal of Affective Disorders, 215, 77\u201384.","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"1993_CR18","unstructured":"Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee [SPRIRC]. (2022). Preventing suicide in the U.S. military: Recommendations from the Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee."},{"issue":"6","key":"1993_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12318","volume":"47","author":"SD Vannoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vannoy, S. D., Andrews, B. K., Atkins, D. C., Dondanville, K. A., Young-McCaughan, S., & Peterson, A. L. (2017). Under reporting of suicide ideation in US army population screening: An ongoing challenge. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 47(6), 723\u2013728.","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"key":"1993_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2024.200330","volume":"34","author":"MMP Willing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Willing, M. M. P., Nevers, J., Nofziger, D., Rogers, T., & Riggs, D. S. (2024). Lessons learned from efforts to prevent behavioral health problems and promote mental wellbeing in the US military. Mental Health & Prevention, 34, 200330.","journal-title":"Mental Health & Prevention"},{"issue":"9","key":"1993_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.190025","volume":"100","author":"PA Wyman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., Brown, C. H., LoMurray, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Petrova, M., Yu, Q., Walsh, E., Tu, X., & Wang, W. (2010). An outcome evaluation of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools. American J Public Health, 100(9), 1653\u20131661.","journal-title":"American J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1993_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.11.008","volume":"68","author":"PA Wyman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., Cero, I., Espelage, D. L., Reif, T., Mintz, S., LoMurray, S., Nickodem, K., Schmeelk-Cone, K., & Delgado, A. (2025). RCT testing sources of strength impact on suicide attempts and moderation by sexual violence. American Journal of Prevention Medicine, 68(3), 465\u2013474.","journal-title":"American Journal of Prevention Medicine"},{"key":"1993_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., Cero, I., Pisani, A. R., Brown, C. H., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Pickering, T., Valente, T., Gould, M., & Keller-Elliot, C. (2026). Impact of the sources of strength peer-leader program on suicide attempt rates in 40 high schools: A cluster randomized controlled trial. School Mental Health, 18(2), 509\u2013525.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310-025-09802-w"},{"key":"1993_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114737","volume":"296","author":"PA Wyman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., Pickering, T., Pisani, A. R., Cero, I., Yates, B., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Brown, C. H., Gibbons, R. D., Simonson, J., Matteson, A., & Pflanz, S. E. (2022). Wingman-Connect program increases social integration for Air Force personnel at elevated suicide risk: Social network analysis of a cluster RCT. Social Science & Medicine, 296, 114737.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"1993_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13102","volume":"60","author":"PA Wyman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., Pickering, T. A., Pisani, A. R., Rulison, K., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Hartley, C., Gould, M., Caine, E. D., LoMurray, M., Brown, C. H., & Valente, T. W. (2019). Peer-adult network structure and suicide attempts in 38 high schools: Implications for network-informed suicide prevention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(10), 1065\u20131075.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"1993_CR26","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., & Pisani, A. (2025). Reaching hidden suicide risk in military units. SafeSide Prevention. https:\/\/safesideprevention.com.au\/media\/documents\/External\/WymanPisani.2025.Reaching-Hidden-Suicide-Risk.pdf"},{"issue":"10","key":"1993_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022532","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22532","volume":"3","author":"PA Wyman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wyman, P. A., Pisani, A. R., Brown, C. H., Yates, B., Morgan-DeVelder, L., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Gibbons, R. D., Caine, E. D., Petrova, M., Neal-Walden, T., Linkh, D. J., Matteson, A., Simonson, J., & Pflanz, S. E. (2020). Effect of wingman-connect upstream suicide prevention for Air Force personnel in training: A cluster randomized controlled trial. JAMA Open Network, 3(10), e2022532.","journal-title":"JAMA Open Network"}],"container-title":["Prevention Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01993-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01993-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01993-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:47:04Z","timestamp":1791668824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01993-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["1993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-026-01993-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4986","1573-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4986","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All research procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments and with review and approval by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Rochester and Department of Defense Human Research Protection Office.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants in the research studies described.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Registration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Anthony R. Pisani and Ann Wood have an equity interest in SafeSide Prevention, LLC. SafeSide Prevention received a contract from the University of Rochester for work on this project. Peter A. Wyman, Anthony R. Pisani, and Ann Wood have a financial interest in Connect Media, LLC, which holds a University of Rochester license for future distribution of the program. A conflict of interest management plan is in place and reviewed regularly at the University of Rochester. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}