{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:46:53Z","timestamp":1783975613528,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatr Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T15:10:33Z","timestamp":1560265833000},"page":"587-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Effects of Terrorist Attacks on Symptom Clusters of PTSD: a Comparison with Victims of Other Traumatic Events"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pozza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Bossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8897-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Olivola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Del Matto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Desantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fagiolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Coluccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"9650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"9650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2015.1005023","volume":"69","author":"C Steinert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steinert C, Hofmann M, Leichsenring F, Kruse J. The course of PTSD in naturalistic long-term studies: high variability of outcomes. A systematic review. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015;69:483\u201396.","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00088-7","volume":"39","author":"E Dunmore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dunmore E, Clark DM, Ehlers A. A prospective investigation of the role of cognitive factors in persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical or sexual assault. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39:1063\u201384.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"9650_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1037\/h0058956","volume":"58","author":"OH Mowrer","year":"1951","unstructured":"Mowrer OH. Two-factor learning theory: summary and comment. Psychol Rev. 1951;58:350\u20134.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9650_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0","volume":"38","author":"A Ehlers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ehlers A, Clark DM. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38:319\u201345.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"9650_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-11-26","volume":"11","author":"DN Ditlevsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ditlevsen DN, Elklit A. Gender, trauma type, and PTSD prevalence: a re-analysis of 18 nordic convenience samples. Ann General Psychiatry. 2012;11:26.","journal-title":"Ann General Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1333387","volume":"8","author":"MS Birkeland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Birkeland MS, Heir T. Making connections: exploring the centrality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017;8:1333387.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"9650_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.902","volume":"156","author":"N Breslau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Breslau N, Chilcoat HD, Kessler RC, Davis GC. Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: results from the Detroit area survey of trauma. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:902\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659606291549","volume":"17","author":"L Farhood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farhood L, Dimassi H, Lehtinen T. Exposure to war-related traumatic events, prevalence of PTSD, and general psychiatric morbidity in a civilian population from southern Lebanon. J Transcult Nurs. 2006;17:333\u201340.","journal-title":"J Transcult Nurs"},{"key":"9650_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22232","volume":"30","author":"RM Bowler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bowler RM, Adams SW, Gocheva VV, Li J, Mergler D, Brackbill R, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder, gender, and risk factors: world trade center tower survivors 10 to 11 years after the September 11, 2001 attacks. J Trauma Stress. 2017;30:564\u201370.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"9650_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0762-3","volume":"49","author":"M Perrin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perrin M, Vandeleur CL, Castelao E, Rothen S, Glaus J, Vollenweider P, et al. Determinants of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, in the general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49:447\u201357.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"9650_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019362","volume":"2","author":"IT Kolassa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kolassa IT, Ertl V, Eckart C, Kolassa S, Onyut LP, Elbert T. Spontaneous remission from PTSD depends on the number of traumatic event types experienced. Psychol Trauma. 2010;2:169\u201374.","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"9650_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018954","volume":"2","author":"JS Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson JS, Larson C. Are traumatic events necessary to elicit symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Psychol Trauma. 2010;2:71\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"9650_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxi003","volume":"27","author":"S Galea","year":"2005","unstructured":"Galea S, Nandi A, Vlahov D. The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters. Epidemiol Rev. 2005;27:78\u201391.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"9650_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024791","volume":"66","author":"Y Neria","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neria Y, DiGrande L, Adams BG. Posttraumatic stress disorder following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: a review of the literature among highly exposed populations. Am Psychol. 2011;66:429\u201346.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"9650_CR16","first-page":"5","volume":"14","author":"HU Wittchen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wittchen HU, Gloster A, Beesdo K, Schonfeld S, Perkonigg A. Posttraumatic stress disorder: diagnostic and epidemiological perspectives. CNS Spectr. 2009;14:5\u201312.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"9650_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.170167","volume":"209","author":"T Heir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heir T, Blix I, Knatten CK. Thinking that one's life was in danger: perceived life threat in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;209:306\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1188","volume":"162","author":"AY Shalev","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shalev AY, Freedman S. PTSD following terrorist attacks: a prospective evaluation. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1188\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.2016.1230983","volume":"80","author":"MB Hansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hansen MB, Birkeland MS, Nissen A, Blix I, Solberg \u00d8, Heir T. Prevalence and course of symptom-defined PTSD in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror: a longitudinal study. Psychiatry. 2017;80:171\u201383.","journal-title":"Psychiatry."},{"key":"9650_CR20","first-page":"4","volume":"61","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kessler RC. Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:4\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059236","volume":"8","author":"PN Santiago","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santiago PN, Ursano RJ, Gray CL, Pynoos RS, Spiegel D, Lewis-Fernandez R, et al. A systematic review of PTSD prevalence and trajectories in DSM-5 defined trauma exposed populations: intentional and non-intentional traumatic events. PLoS One. 2013;8:e59236.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9650_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003488","volume":"31","author":"RM Norman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Norman RM, Malla AK. Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychol Med. 2001;31:381\u2013400.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"9650_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1192\/S174936760000761X","volume":"1","author":"J De Jong","year":"2003","unstructured":"De Jong J, Komproe I, Van Ommeren M. Terrorism, human-made and natural disasters as a professional and ethical challenge to psychiatry. Int Psychiatry. 2003;1:8\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21969","volume":"27","author":"N Morina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morina N, van Emmerik AA, Andrews B, Brewin CR. Comparison of DSM-IV and proposed ICD-11 formulations of PTSD among civilian survivors of war and war veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2014;27:647\u201354.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"9650_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","volume":"52","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52:1048\u201360.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20406","volume":"22","author":"LP Kelley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kelley LP, Weathers FW, McDevitt-Murphy ME, Eakin DE, Flood AM. A comparison of PTSD symptom patterns in three types of civilian trauma. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22:227\u201335.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"9650_CR27","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000."},{"key":"9650_CR28","first-page":"14","volume":"81","author":"General assembly of the world medical association","year":"2014","unstructured":"General assembly of the world medical association. World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J Am Dent Assoc. 2014;81:14.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"9650_CR29","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders-patient edition (SCID-I\/P, version 2.0)","author":"MB First","year":"1995","unstructured":"First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders-patient edition (SCID-I\/P, version 2.0). New York, NY: Biometrics Research Department; 1995."},{"key":"9650_CR30","volume-title":"SCID-I\u2014structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (Italian edition)","author":"F Mazzi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mazzi F, Morosini P, De Girolamo G, Lussetti M, Guaraldi GP. SCID-I\u2014structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (Italian edition). Florence: Giunti OS; 2000."},{"key":"9650_CR31","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II)","author":"MB First","year":"1997","unstructured":"First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997."},{"key":"9650_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.3.279","volume":"11","author":"C Maffei","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maffei C, Fossati A, Agostoni I, Barraco A, Bagnato M, Donati D, et al. Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), version 2.0. J Personal Disord. 1997;11:279\u201384.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"9650_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106","volume":"8","author":"DD Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. J Trauma Stress. 1995;8:75\u201390.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"9650_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","volume":"13","author":"FW Weathers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson JR. Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depress Anxiety. 2001;13:132\u201356.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"9650_CR35","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Routledge; 1988."},{"key":"9650_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.4.434","volume":"8","author":"S Olejnik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Olejnik S, Algina J. Generalized eta and omega squared statistics: measures of effect sizes for some common research designs. Psychol Methods. 2003;8:434\u201347.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"9650_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. STROBE Initiative (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;37:1453\u20131457.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"9650_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.019","volume":"57","author":"MJ Friedman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Friedman MJ, Wang S, Jalowiec JE, McHugo GJ, McDonagh-Coyle A. Thyroid hormone alterations among women with posttraumatic stress disorder due to childhood sexual abuse. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1186\u201392.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9650_CR39","first-page":"399","volume":"23","author":"M Amir","year":"1997","unstructured":"Amir M, Kaplan Z, Efroni R, Levine Y, Benjamin J, Kotler M. Coping styles in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Pers Individ Dif. 1997;23:399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"9650_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","volume":"99","author":"EB Foa","year":"1986","unstructured":"Foa EB, Kozak MJ. Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychol Bull. 1986;99:20\u201335.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"9650_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.08.005","volume":"51","author":"S Kliem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kliem S, Kr\u00f6ger C. Prevention of chronic PTSD with early cognitive behavioral therapy. A meta-analysis using mixed-effects modeling. Behav Res Ther. 2013;51:753\u201361.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"9650_CR42","first-page":"145","volume":"40","author":"RC Bean","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bean RC, Ong CW, Lee J, Twohig MP. Acceptance and commitment therapy for PTSD and trauma: an empirical review. Behav Ther. 2017;40:145\u201350.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"9650_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00233-5","volume":"17","author":"N Paunovi\u0107","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paunovi\u0107 N. Prolonged exposure counterconditioning as a treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2003;17:479\u201399.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"9650_CR44","first-page":"607","volume":"10","author":"BT Litz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Litz BT, Schlenger WE, Weathers FW, Caddell JM, Fairbank JA, LaVange LM. Predictors of emotional numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 1997;10:607\u201318.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"9650_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2353-x","volume":"218","author":"K Kuriyama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuriyama K, Honma M, Soshi T, Fujii T, Kim Y. Effect of D-cycloserine and valproic acid on the extinction of reinstated fear-conditioned responses and habituation of fear conditioning in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial. Psychopharmacology. 2011;218:589\u201397.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"9650_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.07.045","volume":"64","author":"K Kuriyama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuriyama K, Honma M, Yoshiike T, Kim Y. Valproic acid but not D-cycloserine facilitates sleep-dependent offline learning of extinction and habituation of conditioned fear in humans. Neuropharmacology. 2013;64:424\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"9650_CR47","first-page":"592","volume":"19","author":"A Attari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Attari A, Rajabi F, Maracy MR. D-cycloserine for treatment of numbing and avoidance in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double blind, clinical trial. J Res Med Sc. 2014;19:592\u20138.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sc"},{"key":"9650_CR48","first-page":"145","volume":"40","author":"RC Bean","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bean RC, Ong CW, Lee J, Twohig MP. Acceptance and commitment therapy for PTSD and trauma: an empirical review. The Behav Ther. 2017;40:145\u201350.","journal-title":"The Behav Ther"},{"key":"9650_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.012","volume":"192","author":"PL Haynes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haynes PL, Kelly M, Warner L, Quan SF, Krakow B, Bootzin RR. Cognitive behavioral social rhythm group therapy for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and sleep disturbance: results from an open trial. J Affect Disord. 2016;192:234\u201343.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"9650_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022123","volume":"120","author":"SL Pineles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pineles SL, Mostoufi SM, Ready CB, Street AE, Griffin MG, Resick PA. Trauma reactivity, avoidant coping, and PTSD symptoms: a moderating relationship? J Abnorm Psychol. 2011;120:240\u20136.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"9650_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.2.189","volume":"113","author":"TL Schell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schell TL, Marshall GN, Jaycox LH. All symptoms are not created equal: the prominent role of hyperarousal in the natural course of posttraumatic psychological distress. J Abnorm Psychol. 2004;113:189\u201397.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"9650_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.11.030","volume":"72","author":"S Scrimin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scrimin S, Moscardino U, Capello F, Alto\u00e8 G, Steinberg AM, Pynoos RS. Trauma reminders and PTSD symptoms in children three years after a terrorist attack in Beslan. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72:694\u20130.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"9650_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13692-6","volume":"361","author":"JT De Jong","year":"2003","unstructured":"De Jong JT, Komproe IH, Van Ommeren M. Common mental disorders in postconflict settings. Lancet. 2003;361:2128\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"9650_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0973-3","volume":"40","author":"Z Solomon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Solomon Z, Gelkopf M, Bleich A. Is terror gender-blind? Gender differences in reaction to terror events. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005;40:947\u201354.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"9650_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0050-4","volume":"45","author":"M ten Have","year":"2010","unstructured":"ten Have M, de Graaf R, Ormel J, Vilagut G, Kovess V, Alonso J. Are attitudes towards mental health help-seeking associated with service use? Results from the European study of epidemiology of mental disorders. Soc Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2010;45:153\u201363.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"9650_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.11.083","volume":"13","author":"C DiMaggio","year":"2006","unstructured":"DiMaggio C, Galea S. The behavioral consequences of terrorism: a meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:559\u201366.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"9650_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0761-2","volume":"19","author":"AC McFarlane","year":"2017","unstructured":"McFarlane AC, Lawrence-Wood E, Van Hooff M, Malhi GS, Yehuda R. The need to take a staging approach to the biological mechanisms of PTSD and its treatment. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19:10.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T23:33:39Z","timestamp":1591745619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2720","1573-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2720","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Andrea Pozza declares that he has no conflict of interest.Letizia Bossini declares that she has no conflict of interest.Fabio Ferretti declares that he has no conflict of interest.Miriam Olivola declares that she has no conflict of interest.Laura Del Matto declares that she has no conflict of interest.Serena Desantis declares that she has no conflict of interest.Andrea Fagiolini declares that he has no conflict of interest.Anna Coluccia declares that she has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}