{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T08:40:58Z","timestamp":1760604058786,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatr Q"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-025-10221-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T06:43:28Z","timestamp":1760424208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening Results and Performance of the CBCL Using a two-step Procedure for Mental Disorders in Chinese Children and Adolescents: a five-year Survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinghao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, D., &, Association AP. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Vol. 5). American psychiatric association Washington, DC.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"10221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-4-11","volume":"4","author":"CM Michaud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michaud CM, McKenna MT, Begg S, Tomijima N, Majmudar M, Bulzacchelli MT, et al. The burden of disease and injury in the united States 1996. Popul Health Metr. 2006;4:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1478-7954-4-11.","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7102a1","volume":"71","author":"RH Bitsko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bitsko RH, Claussen AH, Lichstein J, Black LI, Jones SE, Danielson ML, Hoenig JM, Jack D, Brody SP, Gyawali DJ, Maenner S, Warner MJ, Holland M, Perou KM, Crosby R, Blumberg AE, Avenevoli SJ, Kaminski S, Ghandour JW, R. M., Contributor. MMWR Suppl. 2022;71(2):2013\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.su7102a1. Mental Health Surveillance Among Children - United States.","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523","volume":"77","author":"S Dalsgaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalsgaard S, Thorsteinsson E, Trabjerg BB, Schullehner J, Plana-Ripoll O, Brikell I, et al. Incidence rates and cumulative incidences of the full spectrum of diagnosed mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatr. 2020;77(2):155\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562231165845","volume":"31","author":"M Brazel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brazel M, Allison S, Bastiampillai T, Kisely SR, Looi JC. Child and adolescent mental health services in Australia: a descriptive analysis between 2015-16 and 2019-20. Australas Psychiatry. 2023;31(4):445\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10398562231165845.","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"10221_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence D, Johnson S, Hafekost J, de Boterhoven K, Sawyer M, Ainley J, Zubrick SR. (2015). The mental health of children and adolescents: Report on the second Australian child and adolescent survey of mental health and wellbeing.","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415617836"},{"key":"10221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.117","volume":"380","author":"Z Yue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yue Z, Guo T, Gu J, Guan L, Huang A, Gan K, Li Q, Lin L, Ke X. Children and adolescents\u2019 demand for psychiatric services: insight from the a nine-year-period visits population change in Nanjing, China. J Affect Disord. 2025;380:37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.03.117.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13445","volume":"63","author":"F Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li F, Cui Y, Li Y, Guo L, Ke X, Liu J, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in school children and adolescents in China: diagnostic data from detailed clinical assessments of 17,524 individuals. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022;63(1):34\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13445.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","volume":"27","author":"M Solmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G, Il Shin J, Kirkbride JB, Jones P, Kim JH, Kim JY, Carvalho AF, Seeman MV, Correll CU, Fusar-Poli P. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(1):281\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0811","author":"B Zablotsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zablotsky B, Black LI, Maenner MJ, Schieve LA, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, et al. Prevalence and trends of developmental disabilities among children in the United states: 2009\u20132017. Pediatrics. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-0811.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10221_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816679509","volume":"56","author":"TM Caballero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caballero TM, DeCamp LR, Platt RE, Shah H, Johnson SB, Sibinga EMS, Polk S. Addressing the mental health needs of Latino children in immigrant families. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2017;56(7):648\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0009922816679509.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103724","volume":"88","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Wang D, Xu H, Zhang A, Zhao Q, Yan J, et al. Diagnostic efficiency and psychometric properties of CBCL DSM-oriented scales in a large sample of Chinese school-attending students aged 5\u201316. Asian J Psychiatr. 2023;88:103724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103724.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S28009","volume":"5","author":"D Wild","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wild D, Furtado T, Angalakuditi M. The translation and cultural adaptation of the child behavior checklist for use in Israel (Hebrew), Korea, the US (Spanish), India (Malayalam and Kannada), and Spain. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2012;5:51\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S28009.","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"10221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784753","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.784753","volume":"13","author":"Y Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui Y, Chu J, Li Y, Li Y. The behavioral and emotional profile of pediatric tourette syndrome based on CBCL in a Chinese sample. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:784753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.784753.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8060521","author":"I Nehring","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nehring I, Sattel H, Al-Hallak M, Sack M, Henningsen P, Mall V, et al. The child behavior checklist as a screening instrument for PTSD in refugee children. Children (Basel). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8060521.","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.46.3.478","volume":"46","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1978","unstructured":"Achenbach TM. The child behavior profile: I. boys aged 6\u201311. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46(3):478\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.46.3.478.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.47.2.223","volume":"47","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1979","unstructured":"Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS. The child behavior profile: II. Boys aged 12\u201316 and girls aged 6\u201311 and 12\u201316. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1979;47(2):223\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006x.47.2.223.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701444363","volume":"36","author":"MY Ivanova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ivanova MY, Dobrean A, Dopfner M, Erol N, Fombonne E, Fonseca AC, Frigerio A, Grietens H, Hannesdottir H, Kanbayashi Y, Lambert M, Achenbach TM, Larsson B, Leung P, Liu X, Minaei A, Mulatu MS, Novik TS, Oh KJ, Chen WJ. Testing the 8-syndrome structure of the child behavior checklist in 30 societies. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2007;36(3):405\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374410701444363.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10221_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui Y, Li F, Leckman JF, Guo L, Ke X, Liu J, Zheng Y, Li Y. The prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems among Chinese school children and adolescents aged 6\u201316: a national survey.\u00a0Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021;30(2):233\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01507-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01507-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"10221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20882","volume":"20","author":"AM Chekroud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chekroud AM, Bondar J, Delgadillo J, Doherty G, Wasil A, Fokkema M, Cohen Z, Belgrave D, DeRubeis R, Iniesta R, Dwyer D, Choi K. The promise of machine learning in predicting treatment outcomes in psychiatry. World Psychiatry. 2021;20(2):154\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20882.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.07.006","volume":"87","author":"AA Theodosiou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Theodosiou AA, Read RC. Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning: potential resources for the infection clinician. J Infect. 2023;87(4):287\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.07.006.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018054314350","volume":"24","author":"L Breiman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Breiman L. Bagging predictors. Mach Learn. 1996;24:123\u201340.","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"10221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L. Random forests. Mach Learn. 2001;45:5\u201332.","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-1004-8","volume":"19","author":"S Uddin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uddin S, Khan A, Hossain ME, Moni MA. Comparing different supervised machine learning algorithms for disease prediction. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2019;19(1):281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-019-1004-8.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishwaran H, Kogalur UB, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. (2008). Random survival forests.","DOI":"10.1214\/08-AOAS169"},{"key":"10221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad002","author":"J Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu J, Szymczak S. A review on longitudinal data analysis with random forest. Brief Bioinform. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbad002.","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"issue":"6","key":"10221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2012.04.003","volume":"99","author":"X Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen X, Ishwaran H. Random forests for genomic data analysis. Genomics. 2012;99(6):323\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygeno.2012.04.003.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203822","author":"M Miklos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miklos M, Futo J, Komaromy D, Balazs J. Executive function and attention performance in children with ADHD: effects of medication and comparison with typically developing children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16203822.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence11040072","author":"AW Kramer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kramer AW, Huizenga HM. Raven\u2019s standard progressive matrices for adolescents: a case for a shortened version. J Intell. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence11040072.","journal-title":"J Intell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.02.005","volume":"35","author":"X Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun X, Allison C, Auyeung B, Matthews FE, Zhang Z, Baron-Cohen S, Brayne C. Comparison between a Mandarin Chinese version of the childhood autism spectrum test and the Clancy autism behaviour scale in Mainland China. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(7):1599\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.02.005.","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"10221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00273-7","volume":"2","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Abbey C, Chen J, Yang Z, Xu H, Zhang A, et al. The shortage of child psychiatrists in mainland China. Nat Ment Health. 2024;2(7):741\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44220-024-00273-7.","journal-title":"Nat Ment Health"},{"key":"10221_CR33","unstructured":"Haldar M. (2015). How much training data do you need? https:\/\/malay-haldar.medium.com\/how-much-training-data-do-you-need-da8ec091e956"},{"key":"10221_CR34","unstructured":"Achenbach TM, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of multi-informant assessment. ASEBA; 2001."},{"issue":"6","key":"10221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2","volume":"48","author":"KS Taber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taber KS. The use of cronbach\u2019s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res Sci Educ. 2018;48(6):1273\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2.","journal-title":"Res Sci Educ"},{"key":"10221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(15)00123-9","volume":"20","author":"G Ursachi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ursachi G, Horodnic IA, Zait A. How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Econ Finance. 2015;20:679\u201386.","journal-title":"Procedia Econ Finance"},{"key":"10221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05","volume":"28","author":"M Kuhn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuhn M. Building predictive models in R using the caret package. J Stat Softw. 2008;28:1\u201326.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"6","key":"10221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2018525","volume":"27","author":"J Alderden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alderden J, Pepper GA, Wilson A, Whitney JD, Richardson S, Butcher R, et al. Predicting pressure injury in critical care patients: a machine-learning model. Am J Crit Care. 2018;27(6):461\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2018525.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10221_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","volume":"12","author":"X Robin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N, Lisacek F, Sanchez JC, et al. pROC: an open-source package for R and S\u2009+\u2009to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011;12:77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1086\/428577","volume":"40","author":"MP Muller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muller MP, Tomlinson G, Marrie TJ, Tang P, McGeer A, Low DE, Detsky AS, Gold WL. Can routine laboratory tests discriminate between severe acute respiratory syndrome and other causes of community-acquired pneumonia? Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(8):1079\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/428577.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v34i2.5","volume":"34","author":"I Matandika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matandika I, Mategula D, Kasenda S, Adeniyi Y, Muula A. Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorders among children and adolescents in Blantyre-Urban, Malawi. Malawi Med J. 2022;34(2):105\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/mmj.v34i2.5.","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"10221_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fayyad J, Sampson NA, Hwang I, Adamowski T, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Andrade LH, Borges G, de Girolamo G, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hu C, Karam EG, Lee S, Navarro-Mateu F, O\u2019Neill S, Pennell BE, Piazza M. Collaborators, W. H. O. W. M. H. S. (2017). The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the world health organization world mental health surveys. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord, 9(1), 47\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12402-016-0208-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-016-0208-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"10221_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1701658","volume":"51","author":"R Drechsler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drechsler R, Brem S, Brandeis D, Grunblatt E, Berger G, Walitza S. ADHD: current concepts and treatments in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics. 2020;51(5):315\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1701658.","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219412464351","volume":"46","author":"GJ DuPaul","year":"2013","unstructured":"DuPaul GJ, Gormley MJ, Laracy SD. Comorbidity of LD and ADHD: implications of DSM-5 for assessment and treatment. J Learn Disabil. 2013;46(1):43\u201351.","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10221_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027347","volume":"121","author":"EG Willcutt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Willcutt EG, Nigg JT, Pennington BF, Solanto MV, Rohde LA, Tannock R, Loo SK, Carlson CL, McBurnett K, Lahey BB. Validity of DSM-IV attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121(4):991\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0027347.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10221_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0220-2","volume":"20","author":"MW Abdallah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdallah MW, Greaves-Lord K, Grove J, N\u00f8rgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, Mortensen EL. Psychiatric comorbidities in autism spectrum disorders: findings from a Danish historic birth cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20:599\u2013601.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10221_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rothenberger A, Becker A, Br\u00fcni LG, Roessner V. Influence of tics and\/or obsessive compulsive behaviour on the phenomenology of coexistent ADHD. T Banaschewski, D Coghill, A zuddas: Oxford textbook of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Oxford University Press; 2018. pp. 247\u201353.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780198739258.003.0026","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198739258.003.0026"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00424","volume":"40","author":"A Angold","year":"1999","unstructured":"Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A. Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 1999;40(1):57\u201387.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"issue":"8","key":"10221_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.10.002","volume":"34","author":"MC Meinzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meinzer MC, Pettit JW, Viswesvaran C. The co-occurrence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and unipolar depression in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2014;34(8):595\u2013607.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10221_CR50","unstructured":"Barkley R. ADHD and the nature of self-control. Guilford Press; 1997."},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.09.019","volume":"50","author":"A Charach","year":"2011","unstructured":"Charach A, Yeung E, Climans T, Lillie E. Childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and future substance use disorders: comparative meta-analyses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(1):9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.09.019.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_47_17","volume":"27","author":"R Enagandula","year":"2018","unstructured":"Enagandula R, Singh S, Adgaonkar GW, Subramanyam AA, Kamath RM. Study of internet addiction in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal control. Indian J Psychiatry. 2018;27(1):110\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_47_17.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10221_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.12.029","volume":"80","author":"K Fluegge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fluegge K, Fluegge K. ADHD and comorbid migraine. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;80:378\u20139.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10221_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.006","volume":"83","author":"I Brikell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brikell I, Ghirardi L, D\u2019Onofrio BM, Dunn DW, Almqvist C, Dalsgaard S, et al. Familial liability to epilepsy and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. Biol Psychiatry. 2018;83(2):173\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.006.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10221_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21037","volume":"22","author":"S Cortese","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cortese S, Solmi M, Michelini G, Bellato A, Blanner C, Canozzi A, Eudave L, Farhat LC, Hojlund M, Kohler-Forsberg O, Leffa DT, Rohde C, de Pablo GS, Vita G, Wesselhoeft R, Martin J, Baumeister S, Bozhilova NS, Carlisi CO, Correll CU. Candidate diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review. World Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):129\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.21037.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10221_CR56","first-page":"467","volume":"119","author":"E Abdelnour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelnour E, Jansen MO, Gold JA. Adhd diagnostic trends: increased recognition or overdiagnosis? Mo Med. 2022;119(5):467\u201373.","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10221_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007990","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007990.pub3","volume":"6","author":"ST Osland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osland ST, Steeves TD, Pringsheim T. Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;6(6):CD007990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007990.pub3.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10221_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00415","volume":"10","author":"T Sambrani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sambrani T, Jakubovski E, Muller-Vahl KR. New insights into clinical characteristics of Gilles de la tourette syndrome: findings in 1032 patients from a single German center. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2016.00415.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10221_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00924-2","volume":"172","author":"TD Steeves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steeves TD, Fox SH. Neurobiological basis of serotonin-dopamine antagonists in the treatment of Gilles de la tourette syndrome. Prog Brain Res. 2008;172:495\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00924-2.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10221_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550160101023","volume":"54","author":"D Palumbo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Palumbo D, Maughan A, Kurlan R. Hypothesis III. tourette syndrome is only one of several causes of a developmental basal ganglia syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1997;54(4):475\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550160101023.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10221_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00340","volume":"10","author":"F Tsetsos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsetsos F, Padmanabhuni SS, Alexander J, Karagiannidis I, Tsifintaris M, Topaloudi A, et al. Meta-analysis of tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder provides support for a shared genetic basis. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2016.00340.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10221_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114163","volume":"304","author":"A Sturm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sturm A, Ricketts EJ, McGuire JF, Lerner J, Lee S, Loo SK, et al. Inhibitory control in youth with tourette\u2019s disorder, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and their combination and predictors of objective tic suppressibility. Psychiatry Res. 2021;304:114163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114163.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10221_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.10.003","volume":"8","author":"J Jurgiel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jurgiel J, Miyakoshi M, Dillon A, Piacentini J, Loo SK. Additive and interactive effects of Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder on brain connectivity. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2023;8(11):1094\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.10.003.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10221_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.18071\/isz.73.0379","volume":"73","author":"P Osvath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Osvath P. New results of neuroscience research - the background of symptomatological and etiological diversity of mental disorders. Ideggyogy Sz. 2020;73(11\u201312):379\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18071\/isz.73.0379. (Az idegtudomanyi kutatasok uj eredmenyeinek tanulsagai - a mentalis zavarok tunettani es etiologiai heterogenitasanak hattertenyezoi.).","journal-title":"Ideggyogy Sz"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11126-025-10221-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11126-025-10221-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11126-025-10221-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T08:08:35Z","timestamp":1760602115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11126-025-10221-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-025-10221-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2720","1573-6709"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0033-2720"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-6709"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. This study is a retrospective analysis of previous data and is part of the 2024 China Key Research and Development Plan project applied by the corresponding author. The project has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Information"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}