{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:08:32Z","timestamp":1793642912556,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Youth Project","award":["22NDQN274YB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22NDQN274YB"]}]},{"name":"Shaoxing Educational Science Planning Project","award":["SGJ202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGJ202207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatr Q"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-026-10292-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:12:28Z","timestamp":1779811948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patterns of Short Video Use and Mental Health Among Adolescents: A Latent Profile Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijia","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10292_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0134","volume":"24","author":"T Aichner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aichner T, Gr\u00fcnfelder M, Maurer O, Jegeni D. Twenty-Five Years of Social Media: A Review of Social Media Applications and Definitions from 1994 to 2019. Cyberpsychology Behav Social Netw. 2021;24:215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2020.0134.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav Social Netw"},{"key":"10292_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x","volume":"13","author":"DM Boyd","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boyd DM, Ellison NB. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. J Computer-Mediated Communication. 2007;13:210\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.","journal-title":"J Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"10292_CR3","unstructured":"New report reveals an evolving social media landscape. Business Day. 2025. https:\/\/www.businessday.co.za\/redzone\/news-insights\/2025-06-26-new-report-reveals-an-evolving-social-media-landscape\/. Accessed 29 Apr 2026."},{"key":"10292_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361497","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1361497","volume":"15","author":"S Xiong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiong S, Chen J, Yao N. A multidimensional framework for understanding problematic use of short video platforms: the role of individual, social-environmental, and platform factors. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1361497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1361497.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10292_CR5","unstructured":"CNNIC. National research report on internet usage of minors. China Internet Network Information Center; 2023."},{"key":"10292_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salles J. Affect and prediction in short-video social media recommendation algorithm: TikTok and the missing half-second. New Media Soc. 2025;14614448251385086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448251385086.","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448251385086"},{"key":"10292_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.54254\/2753-7064\/2025.NS29699","volume":"98","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y. Short-form Video Platforms and Participatory Culture: A Literature Review of TikTok\u2019s Impact on Digital Engagement. CHR. 2025;98:110\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54254\/2753-7064\/2025.NS29699.","journal-title":"CHR"},{"key":"10292_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660358","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2025.1660358","volume":"10","author":"M Rozaq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rozaq M, Dianita IA, Wisudawaty H, Adim AK. Affordances of short video platforms and SME digital communication innovation: the mediating role of the innovation-decision process. Front Commun. 2025;10:1660358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomm.2025.1660358.","journal-title":"Front Commun"},{"key":"10292_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205630512110353","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211035353","volume":"7","author":"D Petropoulos Petalas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petropoulos Petalas D, Konijn EA, Johnson BK, Veldhuis J, Bij De Vaate NAJD, Burgers C, et al. Plurality in the Measurement of Social Media Use and Mental Health: An Exploratory Study Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Social Media + Soc. 2021;7:205630512110353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20563051211035353.","journal-title":"Social Media + Soc"},{"key":"10292_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zmad055","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmad055","volume":"29","author":"R Godard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Godard R, Holtzman S. Are active and passive social media use related to mental health, wellbeing, and social support outcomes? A meta-analysis of 141 studies. J Computer-Mediated Communication. 2023;29:zmad055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcmc\/zmad055.","journal-title":"J Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"10292_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqaa039","volume":"71","author":"P Valkenburg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valkenburg P, Beyens I, Pouwels JL, Van Driel II, Keijsers L. Social Media Use and Adolescents\u2019 Self-Esteem: Heading for a Person-Specific Media Effects Paradigm. J Communication. 2021;71:56\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joc\/jqaa039.","journal-title":"J Communication"},{"key":"10292_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000292","volume":"10","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wang X, Hong S, Hong M, Pei M, Su Y. The relationship between social short-form videos and youth\u2019s well-being: It depends on usage types and content categories. Psychol Popular Media. 2021;10:467\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000292.","journal-title":"Psychol Popular Media"},{"key":"10292_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19191-5","volume":"24","author":"Z Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Z, Zhu X, Li Y. The association between problematic short video use and suicidal ideation and self-injurious behaviors: the mediating roles of sleep disturbance and depression. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19191-5.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10292_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13409-0","volume":"22","author":"Y Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee Y, Jeon YJ, Kang S, Shin JI, Jung Y-C, Jung SJ. Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults: a meta-analysis of 14 cross-sectional studies. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13409-0.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10292_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma JA, Meta-Analysis. of Social Media Usage with Stress, Anxiety, and Depression. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Medicine and Health. Macau China: ACM; 2021. pp. 125\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3484377.3487041","DOI":"10.1145\/3484377.3487041"},{"key":"10292_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33450","DOI":"10.2196\/33450","volume":"9","author":"H Shannon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shannon H, Bush K, Villeneuve PJ, Hellemans KG, Guimond S. Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR Ment Health. 2022;9:e33450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/33450.","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"10292_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202","volume":"7","author":"LA Festinger","year":"1954","unstructured":"Festinger LA, Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Hum Relat. 1954;7:117\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001872675400700202.","journal-title":"Hum Relat"},{"key":"10292_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lakey B, Cohen S. Social Support Theory and Measurement. In: Cohen S, Underwood LG, Gottlieb BH, editors. Social Support Measurement and Intervention. Oxford University Press; 2000. pp. 29\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195126709.003.0002.","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195126709.003.0002"},{"key":"10292_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000047","volume":"3","author":"EA Vogel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vogel EA, Rose JP, Roberts LR, Eckles K. Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychol Popular Media Cult. 2014;3:206\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000047.","journal-title":"Psychol Popular Media Cult"},{"key":"10292_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.10.006","volume":"9","author":"H Appel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Appel H, Gerlach AL, Crusius J. The interplay between Facebook use, social comparison, envy, and depression. Curr Opin Psychol. 2016;9:44\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.10.006.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"10292_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-022-00404-5","volume":"25","author":"S Choukas-Bradley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choukas-Bradley S, Roberts SR, Maheux AJ, Nesi J. The Perfect Storm: A Developmental\u2013Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls\u2019 Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2022;25:681\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-022-00404-5.","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10292_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2018.08.007","volume":"27","author":"JS Mills","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mills JS, Musto S, Williams L, Tiggemann M. Selfie harm: Effects on mood and body image in young women. Body Image. 2018;27:86\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2018.08.007.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"10292_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0156","volume":"20","author":"E Frison","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frison E, Eggermont S. Browsing, Posting, and Liking on Instagram: The Reciprocal Relationships Between Different Types of Instagram Use and Adolescents\u2019 Depressed Mood. Cyberpsychology Behav Social Netw. 2017;20:603\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2017.0156.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav Social Netw"},{"key":"10292_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verduyn P, Ybarra O, R\u00e9sibois M, Jonides J, Kross E. Do Social Network Sites Enhance or Undermine Subjective Well-Being? A Critical Review. 2017. https:\/\/spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/sipr.12033. Accessed 29 Apr 2026.","DOI":"10.1111\/sipr.12033"},{"key":"10292_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhandari A, Bimo S, TIKTOK AND THE ALGORITHMIZED SELF:, NEW MODEL OF ONLINE INTERACTION. A. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5210\/spir.v2020i0.11172","DOI":"10.5210\/spir.v2020i0.11172"},{"key":"10292_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157920952120","volume":"9","author":"DBV Kaye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaye DBV, Chen X, Zeng J. The co-evolution of two Chinese mobile short video apps: Parallel platformization of Douyin and TikTok. Mob Media Communication. 2021;9:229\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050157920952120.","journal-title":"Mob Media Communication"},{"key":"10292_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burke M, Marlow C, Lento T. Social network activity and social well-being. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Atlanta Georgia USA: ACM; 2010. pp. 1909\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1753326.1753613","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753613"},{"key":"10292_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Escobar-Viera CG, Shensa A, Bowman ND, Sidani JE, Knight J, James AE et al. Passive and Active Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among United States Adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2018;21:437\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2017.0668","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0668"},{"key":"10292_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00732-7","volume":"21","author":"E St\u0103nculescu","year":"2023","unstructured":"St\u0103nculescu E. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale Validity in a Romanian Sample Using Item Response Theory and Network Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2023;21:2475\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-021-00732-7.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"10292_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2026.113714","volume":"256","author":"Z He","year":"2026","unstructured":"He Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu R-D, Wang P, Deng A, et al. Active and passive social media use associated with different daily affects: A daily diary study. Pers Indiv Differ. 2026;256:113714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2026.113714.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"10292_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2024.102588","volume":"78","author":"E St\u0103nculescu","year":"2024","unstructured":"St\u0103nculescu E, Griffiths MD. The association between problematic internet use and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being: A latent profile analysis. Technol Soc. 2024;78:102588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2024.102588.","journal-title":"Technol Soc"},{"key":"10292_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000057","volume":"144","author":"P Verduyn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verduyn P, Lee DS, Park J, Shablack H, Orvell A, Bayer J, et al. Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2015;144:480\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xge0000057.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"10292_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu D, Baumeister RF, Yang C, Hu B. Digital Communication Media Use and Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcmc\/zmz013","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmz013"},{"key":"10292_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.10.005","volume":"25","author":"E Kross","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kross E, Verduyn P, Sheppes G, Costello CK, Jonides J, Ybarra O. Social Media and Well-Being: Pitfalls, Progress, and Next Steps. Trends Cogn Sci. 2021;25:55\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2020.10.005.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10292_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqaa025","volume":"70","author":"A Meier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meier A, Gilbert A, B\u00f6rner S, Possler D. Instagram Inspiration: How Upward Comparison on Social Network Sites Can Contribute to Well-Being. J Communication. 2020;70:721\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joc\/jqaa025.","journal-title":"J Communication"},{"key":"10292_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.70055","volume":"98","author":"S Smout","year":"2026","unstructured":"Smout S, Slade T, Hunter E, Thornton L, Gardner LA, Newton NC, et al. Scrolling, Chatting, and Posting: Longitudinal Changes in Distinct Social Media Behaviors and Their Relationship With Psychological Distress and Mental Wellbeing in Adolescents. J Adolesc. 2026;98:237\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jad.70055.","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"10292_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107084","volume":"128","author":"M Boer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boer M, Stevens GWJM, Finkenauer C, Van Den Eijnden RJJM. The complex association between social media use intensity and adolescent wellbeing: A longitudinal investigation of five factors that may affect the association. Comput Hum Behav. 2022;128:107084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107084.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10292_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.53.9.1017","volume":"53","author":"R Kraut","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kraut R, Patterson M, Lundmark V, Kiesler S, Mukophadhyay T, Scherlis W. Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? Am Psychol. 1998;53:1017\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.53.9.1017.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10292_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67727-7","volume":"10","author":"I Beyens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beyens I, Pouwels JL, van Driel II, Keijsers L, Valkenburg PM. The effect of social media on well-being differs from adolescent to adolescent. Sci Rep. 2020;10:10763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-67727-7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10292_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2020.11.004","volume":"16","author":"AA Alsunni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsunni AA, Latif R. Higher emotional investment in social media is related to anxiety and depression in university students. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021;16:247\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtumed.2020.11.004.","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10292_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.05.008","volume":"51","author":"HC Woods","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woods HC, Scott H, #Sleepyteens. Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. J Adolesc. 2016;51:41\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.05.008.","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"10292_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-021-00867-0","volume":"50","author":"NP Marsh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marsh NP, Fogleman ND, Langberg JM, Becker SP. Too Connected to Being Connected? Adolescents\u2019 Social Media Emotional Investment Moderates the Association between Cybervictimization and Internalizing Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2022;50:363\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-021-00867-0.","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"},{"key":"10292_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107409","volume":"137","author":"YA Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen YA, Fan T, Toma CL, Scherr S. International students\u2019 psychosocial well-being and social media use at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis. Comput Hum Behav. 2022;137:107409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107409.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10292_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsc.2020-0238","volume":"13","author":"Y Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su Y, Baker BJ, Doyle JP, Yan M. Fan Engagement in 15 Seconds: Athletes\u2019 Relationship Marketing During a Pandemic via TikTok. Int J Sport Communication. 2020;13:436\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsc.2020-0238.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Communication"},{"key":"10292_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115247","volume":"325","author":"M Chao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chao M, Lei J, He R, Jiang Y, Yang H. TikTok use and psychosocial factors among adolescents: Comparisons of non-users, moderate users, and addictive users. Psychiatry Res. 2023;325:115247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115247.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10292_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030277","volume":"2","author":"MA Jenkins-Guarnieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jenkins-Guarnieri MA, Wright SL, Johnson B. Development and validation of a social media use integration scale. Psychol Popular Media Cult. 2013;2:38\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0030277.","journal-title":"Psychol Popular Media Cult"},{"key":"10292_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11469-021-00732-7","author":"E St\u0103nculescu","year":"2022","unstructured":"St\u0103nculescu E. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale Validity in a Romanian Sample Using Item Response Theory and Network Analysis. Int J Mental Health Addict. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11469-021-00732-7.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Addict"},{"key":"10292_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","volume":"2","author":"T Jung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jung T, Wickrama KAS. An Introduction to Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling. Social Personality Psych. 2008;2:302\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x.","journal-title":"Social Personality Psych"},{"key":"10292_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams GA, Kibowski F. Latent Class Analysis and Latent Profile Analysis. In: Jason LA, Glenwick DS, editors. Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research. Oxford University Press; 2015. pp. 143\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med:psych\/9780190243654.003.0015.","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780190243654.003.0015"},{"key":"10292_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2016.01282","volume":"48","author":"G Niu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niu G, Sun X, Zhou Z, Kong F, Tian Y. The impact of social network site (Qzone) on adolescents\u2019 depression: The serial mediation of upward social comparison and self-esteem. Acta Physiol Sinica. 2016;48:1282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/SP.J.1041.2016.01282.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Sinica"},{"key":"10292_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810385389","volume":"13","author":"NB Ellison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ellison NB, Steinfield C, Lampe C. Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media Soc. 2011;13:873\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444810385389.","journal-title":"New Media Soc"},{"key":"10292_CR52","first-page":"678","volume":"40","author":"LIU Qiang-Ai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiang-Ai LIU, Chen-Yan Z, Xiao-Jun XUN, Geng-Feng NIU, Zong-Kui Z. Passive Use of Social Network Site and Subjective Well-being: Mediating Effect Analysis. J Psychol Sci. 2017;40:678\u201384.","journal-title":"J Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10292_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0298","volume":"74","author":"B Ustun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ustun B, Adler LA, Rudin C, Faraone SV, Spencer TJ, Berglund P, et al. The World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74:520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0298.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10292_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.241","volume":"17","author":"C Yeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yeh C, Gau SS, Kessler RC, Wu Y. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the adult ADHD Self-report Scale. Int J Methods Psych Res. 2008;17:45\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.241.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psych Res"},{"key":"10292_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2020.0158","volume":"31","author":"A Somma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Somma A, Adler LA, Gialdi G, Arteconi M, Cotilli E, Fossati A. The Validity of the World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition in Adolescence. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2021;31:631\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2020.0158.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10292_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024544","volume":"24","author":"L Peters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters L, Sunderland M, Andrews G, Rapee RM, Mattick RP. Development of a short form Social Interaction Anxiety (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS) using nonparametric item response theory: The SIAS-6 and the SPS-6. Psychol Assess. 2012;24:66\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0024544.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10292_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02214","volume":"11","author":"X Ouyang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouyang X, Cai Y, Tu D. Psychometric Properties of the Short Forms of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale in a Chinese College Sample. Front Psychol. 2020;11:2214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02214.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10292_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.06.041","volume":"200","author":"RCK Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan RCK, Xu T, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Shum DHK, et al. Extending the utility of the Depression Anxiety Stress scale by examining its psychometric properties in Chinese settings. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200:879\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.06.041.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10292_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"PF Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33:335\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10292_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5101_6","volume":"51","author":"R Hays","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hays R, DiMatteo MR. A Short-Form Measure of Loneliness. J Personality Assess. 1987;51:69\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa5101_6.","journal-title":"J Personality Assess"},{"key":"10292_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12373","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012373","volume":"97","author":"S Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu S, Qiu D, Hahne J, Zhao M, Hu M. Psychometric properties of the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) among Chinese adolescents. Medicine. 2018;97:e12373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000012373.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10292_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767","volume":"88","author":"Y Lo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lo Y, Mendell NR, Rubin DB. Testing the Number of Components in a Normal Mixture. Biometrika. 2001;88:767\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10292_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2013.824781","volume":"20","author":"J-Y Tein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tein J-Y, Coxe S, Cham H. Statistical Power to Detect the Correct Number of Classes in Latent Profile Analysis. Struct Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J. 2013;20:640\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2013.824781.","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J"},{"key":"10292_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181","volume":"21","author":"T Asparouhov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asparouhov T, Muth\u00e9n B. Auxiliary Variables in Mixture Modeling: Three-Step Approaches Using M plus. Struct Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J. 2014;21:329\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181.","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J"},{"key":"10292_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mph001","volume":"12","author":"A Bolck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bolck A, Croon M, Hagenaars J. Estimating Latent Structure Models with Categorical Variables: One-Step Versus Three-Step Estimators. Polit anal. 2004;12:3\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pan\/mph001.","journal-title":"Polit anal"},{"key":"10292_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027916","volume":"49","author":"M-T Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang M-T, Brinkworth M, Eccles J. Moderating effects of teacher\u2013student relationship in adolescent trajectories of emotional and behavioral adjustment. Dev Psychol. 2013;49:690\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0027916.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10292_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2418","volume":"28","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y, Lu Z. Chinese High School Students\u2019 Academic Stress and Depressive Symptoms: Gender and School Climate as Moderators. Stress Health. 2012;28:340\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2418.","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"10292_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650220939778","volume":"48","author":"LN Wolfers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolfers LN, Schneider FM. Using Media for Coping: A Scoping Review. Communication Res. 2021;48:1210\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650220939778.","journal-title":"Communication Res"},{"key":"10292_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2015.0588","volume":"26","author":"H Krasnova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krasnova H, Widjaja T, Buxmann P, Wenninger H, Benbasat I. Research Note\u2014Why Following Friends Can Hurt You: An Exploratory Investigation of the Effects of Envy on Social Networking Sites among College-Age Users. Inform Syst Res. 2015;26:585\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/isre.2015.0588.","journal-title":"Inform Syst Res"},{"key":"10292_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1037\/tps0000076","volume":"2","author":"EA Vogel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vogel EA, Rose JP. Self-reflection and interpersonal connection: Making the most of self-presentation on social media. Translational Issues Psychol Sci. 2016;2:294\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tps0000076.","journal-title":"Translational Issues Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10292_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2016.1267647","volume":"21","author":"DA De Vries","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Vries DA, M\u00f6ller AM, Wieringa MS, Eigenraam AW, Hamelink K. Social Comparison as the Thief of Joy: Emotional Consequences of Viewing Strangers\u2019 Instagram Posts. Media Psychol. 2018;21:222\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15213269.2016.1267647.","journal-title":"Media Psychol"},{"key":"10292_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108007","volume":"151","author":"M Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu M, Zhuang A, Norvilitis JM, Xiao T. Usage patterns of short videos and social media among adolescents and psychological health: A latent profile analysis. Comput Hum Behav. 2024;151:108007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108007.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10292_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107813","author":"M Pagano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pagano M, Bacaro V, Crocetti E. Using digital media or sleeping \u2026 that is the question. Comput Hum Behav. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107813. A meta-analysis on digital media use and unhealthy sleep in adolescence.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10292_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.12.011","author":"E Harbard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harbard E, Allen NB. What\u2019s Keeping Teenagers Up? Prebedtime Behaviors and Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Over School and Vacation. J Adolesc Health. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.12.011.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10292_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.085","volume":"63","author":"P Vorderer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vorderer P, Kr\u00f6mer N, Schneider FM. Permanently online \u2013 Permanently connected: Explorations into university students\u2019 use of social media and mobile smart devices. Comput Hum Behav. 2016;63:694\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.085.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10292_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wegmann E, Brand M, Internet-Communication D. It\u2019s a Matter of Social Aspects, Coping, and Internet-Use Expectancies. Front Psychol. 2016;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01747.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01747"},{"key":"10292_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu M, Kamper-DeMarco KE, Zhang J, Xiao J, Dong D, Xue P. Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose\u2013Response Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:5164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095164","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095164"},{"key":"10292_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2022.2068133","volume":"27","author":"KM Lewin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lewin KM, Meshi D, Schuster AM, Cotten SR. Active and passive social media use are differentially related to depressive symptoms in older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2023;27:176\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2022.2068133.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"10292_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2022.101921","volume":"77","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Cingel DP, Xie L, Yu M. Exploring the relations of subjective and objective Instagram use on young adults\u2019 mental health. Telematics Inform. 2023;77:101921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2022.101921.","journal-title":"Telematics Inform"},{"key":"10292_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scarpulla E, Stosic MD, Weaver AE, Ruben MA. Should I post? The relationships among social media use, emotion recognition, and mental health. Front Psychol. 2023;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1161300.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1161300"},{"key":"10292_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.011","author":"X Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han X, Han W, Qu J, Li B, Zhu Q. What happens online stays online? \u2014\u2014 Social media dependency, online T support behavior and offline effects for LGBT. Comput Hum Behav. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.011.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10292_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165921","author":"K Puukko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puukko K, Hietaj\u00e4rvi L, Maksniemi E, Alho K, Salmela-Aro K. Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms\u2014A Longitudinal Study from Early to Late Adolescence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17165921.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10292_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108455","author":"ND Nguyen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nguyen ND. Can online behaviors be linked to mental health? Active versus passive social network usage on depression via envy and self-esteem. Comput Hum Behav. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108455.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"}],"container-title":["Psychiatric Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11126-026-10292-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11126-026-10292-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11126-026-10292-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:12:31Z","timestamp":1779811951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11126-026-10292-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-026-10292-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2720","1573-6709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2720","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures involving human participants were approved by Tianjin Normal University Research Ethics Committee (2022012601). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}