{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:41:53Z","timestamp":1776292913425,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"MIUR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FFABR funding 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFABR funding 2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plant Foods Hum Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-021-00883-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T09:04:33Z","timestamp":1614330273000},"page":"111-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Hull of Ripe Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.) as a Source of New Promising Melanogenesis Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Smeriglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Denaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4358-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Paola","family":"German\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2010.03.027","volume":"92","author":"A Tomaino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomaino A, Martorana M, Arcoraci T, Monteleone D, Giovinazzo C, Saija A (2010) Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) seeds and skins. Biochimie 92:1115\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2010.03.027","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.08.020","volume":"92","author":"AH Goli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goli AH, Barzegar M, Sahari MA (2005) Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio (Pistacia vera) hull extract. Food Chem 92:521\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.08.020","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.09.077","volume":"196","author":"D Barreca","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barreca D, Lagan\u00e0 G, Leuzzi U, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Bellocco E (2016) Evaluation of the nutraceutical, antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of ripe pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) hulls. Food Chem 196:493\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.09.077","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112316","volume":"148","author":"M Hamed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamed M, Bougatel H, Karoud W, Krichen F, Haddar A, Bougatef A, Sila A (2020) Polisaccharides extracted from pistachio external hull: characterization, antioxidant activity and potential application on meat as preservative. Ind Crop Prod 148:112315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112316","journal-title":"Ind Crop Prod"},{"key":"883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.088","volume":"210","author":"MH Grace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grace MH, Esposito D, Timmers MA, Xiong J, Yousef G, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA (2016) Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pistachio hull extract. Food Chem 210:85\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.04.088","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2019v11i12.35556","volume":"11","author":"Z Wissam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wissam Z (2019) Optimization of different parameters for the extraction of poliphenols and proanthocyanidins from Pistacia vera hulls. Int J Phar Pharm Sci 11:36\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22159\/ijpps.2019v11i12.35556","journal-title":"Int J Phar Pharm Sci"},{"key":"883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-018-0512-6","volume":"11","author":"HN \u00d6zbek","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00d6zbek HN, Halahlih F, G\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015f F, Yanik DK, Azaizeh H (2020) Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull as a potential source of phenolic compounds: evaluation of ethanol-water binary solvent extraction on antioxidant activity and phenolic content of pistachio hull extracts. Waste Biomass Valoriz 11:2101\u20132110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12649-018-0512-6","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valoriz"},{"key":"883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.09.016","volume":"27","author":"E Bellocco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellocco E, Barreca D, Lagan\u00e0 G, Calderaro A, El Lekhlifi Z, Chebaibi S, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D (2016) Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside in ripe pistachio (Pistachia vera L. variety Bronte) hulls: identification and evaluation of its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. J Funct Foods 27:376\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2016.09.016","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D (2016) Chemistry, pharmacology and health benefits of anthocyanins. Phytother Res 30:1265\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.5642","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5642"},{"key":"883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12300","volume":"38","author":"JK Jhan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jhan JK, Chung YC, Chen GH, Chang CH, Lu YC, Hsu CK (2016) Anthocyanin contents in the seed coat of black soya bean and their anti-human tyrosinase activity and antioxidative activity. Int J Cosmet Sci 38:319\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12300","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.05.010","volume":"234","author":"L Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou L, Xiong Z, Liu W, Zou L (2017) Different inhibition mechanisms of gentisic acid and cyaniding-3-O-glucoside on polyphenoloxidase. Food Chem 234:445\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.05.010","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00334.x","volume":"19","author":"F Solano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solano F, Briganti S, Picardo M, Ghanem G (2006) Hypopigmenting agents: an update review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 19:550\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2006.00334.x","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00898.x","volume":"25","author":"A Slominski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Slominski A, Zmijewski M, Pawelek JL (2012) L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as hormone-like regulators of melanocyte functions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 25:14\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00898.x","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541.4337.2012.00191.x","volume":"11","author":"MR Loizzo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Menichini F (2012) Natural and synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors as antibrowning agents: an update. CRFSFS 11:378\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1541.4337.2012.00191.x","journal-title":"CRFSFS"},{"key":"883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07995","volume":"5","author":"WC Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen WC, Tseng TS, Hsiao NW, Lin YL, Wen ZH, Tsai CC, Lee YC, Lin HH, Tsai KC (2015) Discovery of highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor, t1, with significant anti-melanogenesis ability by zebrafish in vivo assay and computational molecular modeling. Sci Rep 5:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep07995","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.09.059","volume":"26","author":"HT Le","year":"2016","unstructured":"Le HT, Hong BN, Lee YR, Cheon JH, Kang TH, Kim TW (2016) Regulatory effect of hydroquinone-tetraethylene glycol conjugates on zebrafish pigmentation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 26:699\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.09.059","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lo Piccolo E, Viviani A, Guidi L, Remorini D, Massai R, Bernardi R, Landi M (2019) Discerning between two Tuscany (Italy) ancient apple cultivars, \u2018Rotella\u2019 and \u2018Casciana\u2019, through polyphenolic fingerprint and molecular markers. Molecules 24(9):1758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24091758","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091758"},{"key":"883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2017.09.025","volume":"144","author":"A Abolhasani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abolhasani A, Barzegar M, Sahari A (2018) Effect of gamma irradiation on the extraction yield, antioxidant, andantityrosinase activities of pistachio green hull extract. Radiat Phys Chem 144:373\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2017.09.025","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2018.07.005","volume":"145","author":"EM Fattahifar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fattahifar EM, Barzegar M, Ahmadi Gavlighi H, Sahari MA (2019) Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) green hull aqueous extract on mushroom tyrosinase activity and its application as a button mushroom postharvest anti-browning agent. Postharvest Biol Technol 145:157\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2018.07.005","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol"},{"key":"883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding HY, Chou T-H, Lin R-J, Chan L-P, Wang G-H, Liang C-H (2011) Antioxidant and antimelanogenic behaviors of Paeonia suffruticosa. Plant Food Hum Nutr 66:275\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-011-0235-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-011-0235-3"},{"key":"883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-009-0141-0","volume":"64","author":"S Sreelatha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sreelatha S, Padma PR (2009) Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Moringa oleifera leaves in two stages of maturity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 64:303\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-009-0141-0","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(87)90003-1","volume":"923","author":"J Cabanes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cabanes J, Garcia-Canovas F, Lozano JA, Garcia-Carmona F (1987) A kinetic study of the melanization pathway between l-tyrosine and dopachrome. Biochim Biophys Acta 923:187\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-4165(87)90003-1","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nerya O, Vaya J, Musa R, Izrael S, Ben-Arie R, Tamir S (2003) Glabrene and isoliquiritigenin as tyrosinase inhibitors from licorice roots. J Agric Food Chem 51:1201\u20131207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf020935u","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020935u"},{"key":"883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10062440","volume":"10","author":"TS Chang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chang TS (2009) An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 10:2440\u20132475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms10062440","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s007750050370","volume":"5","author":"G Battaini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Battaini G, Monzani E, Casella L, Santagostini L, Pagliarin R (2000) Inhibition of the catecholase activity of biomimetic dinuclear copper complexes by kojic acid. J Biol Inorg Chem 5:262\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007750050370","journal-title":"J Biol Inorg Chem"},{"key":"883_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1021\/ja4100035","volume":"136","author":"H Huangh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huangh H, Chang W, Lin G, Romo A, Pai P, Russel WK, Russell DH, Liu H (2014) Mechanistic consequences of chiral radical clock probes: analysis of the mononuclear non-heme iron enzyme hppe with 2-hydroxy-3-methylenecyclopropyl radical clock substrate. J Am Chem Soc 136:2944\u20132947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja4100035","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700117","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201700117","volume":"14","author":"Q Abbas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abbas Q, Raza H, Hassan M, Phull AR, Kim SJ, Seo SY (2017) Acetazolamide inhibits the level of tyrosinase and melanin: an enzyme kinetic, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. Chem Biodivers 14:e1700117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.201700117","journal-title":"Chem Biodivers"},{"key":"883_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2007.00365.x","volume":"20","author":"TC Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi TC, Kim JH, Ko DH, Kim CH, Hwang JS, Ahn S, Kim SY, Kim CD, Lee JH, Yoon TJ (2007) Zebrafish as a new model for phenotype-based screening of melanogenic regulatory compounds. Pigment Cell Res 20:120\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2007.00365.x","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"883_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12965","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.24.12965","volume":"97","author":"RT Peterson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peterson RT, Link BA, Dowling JE, Schreiber SL (2000) Small molecule developmental screens reveal the logic and timing of vertebrate development. PNAS 97:12965\u201312969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.97.24.12965","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"883_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.18502\/acta.v57i7.2338","volume":"55","author":"P Sarkhail","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sarkhail P, Salimi M, Sarkheil P, Mostafapour Kandelous H (2017) Anti-melanogenic activity and citotoxicity of pistachia vera hull on human melanoma SKMEL-3 cells. Acta Med Iran 55:422\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/acta.v57i7.2338","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"}],"container-title":["Plant Foods for Human Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11130-021-00883-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11130-021-00883-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11130-021-00883-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T13:45:15Z","timestamp":1616161515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11130-021-00883-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-021-00883-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-9668","1573-9104"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-9668","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9104","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}