{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:37:22Z","timestamp":1789425442154,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106876\/Z15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106876\/Z15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation Goeie Grutten"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plant Foods Hum Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The growing world population will increase the demand for new sustainable foods and ingredients. Here we studied the safety and tolerance of <jats:italic>Lemna minor,<\/jats:italic> a new sustainable vegetable crop from the duckweed family. Twenty-four healthy adults consumed either <jats:italic>L. minor<\/jats:italic> plant material or spinach as vegetable (170\u00a0g fresh weight) as part of a warm meal on 11 consecutively days in a randomized controlled parallel trial design. The intervention meals had a different recipe for each day of the week. All participants had to report daily if they experienced gastric complaints, feelings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, thirst, general health, nausea, and stool consistency. Only hunger, flatulence and constipation were significantly different between both intervention groups. At the\u00a0start and end of the intervention, blood and urine were sampled in order to analyze biomarkers for general health, <jats:italic>e.g<\/jats:italic>., kidney function, liver function, cardiovascular health, inflammation and iron status. Both intervention groups did not show significant differences for these biomarkers. In taste attributes the <jats:italic>L. minor<\/jats:italic>-based products showed in only a few specific cases a significant difference compared to the spinach-based products. Based on the results we conclude that 11 consecutive days intake of 170\u00a0g fresh weight <jats:italic>L. minor<\/jats:italic> plants as a cooked vegetable does not result in any adverse effect in healthy adult subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-022-00952-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T01:02:30Z","timestamp":1644627750000},"page":"121-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Daily Intake of Lemna minor or Spinach as Vegetable Does Not Show Significant Difference on Health Parameters and Taste Preference"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3589-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jurriaan J.","family":"Mes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianne","family":"Somhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Oosterink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"van der Haar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meeke","family":"Ummels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Siebelink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31788-4","volume":"393","author":"W Willett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Willett W, Rockstr\u00f6m J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, Garnett T, Tilman D, DeClerck F, Wood A, Jonell M, Clark M, Gordon LJ, Fanzo J, Hawkes C, Zurayk R, Rivera JA, De Vries W, Majele Sibanda L et al (2019) Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-lancet commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet. 393:447\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31788-4","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"952_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1043\/0363-6445-27.2.221","volume":"27","author":"DH Les","year":"2002","unstructured":"Les DH, Crawford DJ, Landolt E, Gabel JD, Kimball RT (2002) Phylogeny and systematics of Lemnaceae, the duckweed family. Syst Bot 27:221\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0363-6445-27.2.221","journal-title":"Syst Bot"},{"key":"952_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2003.297","volume":"16","author":"JP Goopy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goopy JP, Murray PJ (2003) A review on the role of duckweed in nutrient reclamation and as a source of animal feed. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The study was registered at the  (Identifier: NCT03677583).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare to have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}