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Animals were randomized into five groups: Adult Control (ACG) and Elderly Control (ECG), fed the AIN-93\u00a0M diet without OFIF; and three treated groups (OF5, OF10, OF15) receiving diets supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% OFIF, respectively. Memory performance was assessed using non-associative learning and novel object recognition tests, with recognition (DI) and discrimination (RI) indices. Brain fatty acid profile, protein carbonyls, and glutathione levels were measured, and fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16\u00a0S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The experimental groups showed reduced locomotion and number of crossings during the second exposure to the open field test. OF15 rats spent more time in the inner zone and achieved higher DI and RI scores in both short- and long-term evaluations. Regarding oxidative stress, OF15 exhibited elevated glutathione levels, while OF5 showed reduced protein carbonyls. Treated groups displayed increased brain concentrations of oleic, eicosenoic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids. Moreover, OF15 restored intestinal microbial diversity, evidenced by higher richness indices (Chao1 and Fisher) and enrichment of short-chain fatty acid\u2013producing genera, including\n                    <jats:italic>Faecalibaculum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Dorea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    NK4A136. In conclusion, OFIF supplementation, particularly at 15%, modulated gut microbiota, improved memory performance, and enhanced antioxidant defenses in aged rats. These results highlight OFIF as a promising dietary strategy to modulate the gut\u2013brain axis, supporting memory preservation, oxidative balance, and intestinal health during aging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-026-01510-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:19:26Z","timestamp":1778131166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Opuntia ficus-indica Flour Modulates Fecal Microbiota, Reduces Cerebral Oxidative Stress and Improves Cognitive Function in Elderly Rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Renally","family":"de Lima Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Elias","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"da Vit\u00f3ria Santos do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Maria Gomes","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Germano","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Sobral","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josean Fechine","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri Mangueira","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Bordin","family":"Viera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliano Carlo Rufino","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wydemberg Jos\u00e9","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Anderson Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valquir\u00eda Cardoso","family":"da Silva Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariosvaldo Nunes","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Kessia Barbosa","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1510_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2024.112483","author":"G Pfeifer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pfeifer G, Cawkwell S (2025) Interoceptive ageing and the impact on psychophysiological processes: a systematic review. 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