{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:32:43Z","timestamp":1791361963819,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2637-M-020-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2637-M-020-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plant Foods Hum Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-026-01542-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1783731046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of VAYPQCV, a Gastrointestinally Stable Competitive DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptide from Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Fitri Widya","family":"Handayani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoper Caesar Yudho","family":"Sutopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Isnawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aji","family":"Sutrisno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue-Liang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1542_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1021\/jm400658e","volume":"57","author":"L Juillerat-Jeanneret","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juillerat-Jeanneret L (2014) Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitors: Therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and what else? J Med Chem 57:2197\u20132212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm400658e","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"1542_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2016.01.007","volume":"8","author":"AB Nongonierma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ (2016) Prospects for the management of type 2 diabetes using food protein-derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity. Curr Opin Food Sci 8:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2016.01.007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"1542_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-023-01118-x","volume":"79","author":"WQ Al-Bukhaiti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Bukhaiti WQ, Al-Dalali S, Li H, Yao L, Abed SM, Zhao L, Qiu SX (2024) Identification and in vitro characterization of novel antidiabetic peptides released enzymatically from peanut protein. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 79:66\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-023-01118-x","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"1542_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-024-01215-5","volume":"79","author":"P Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li P, Chen G, Liang R, Cai K, Chen Z, Yang N, Huang W, Xie Z, Chen Y, Liao Q (2024) Identification and function analysis of novel hypoglycemic and antioxidant peptides from chickpea. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 79:834\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-024-01215-5","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"1542_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9059","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169059","volume":"22","author":"P Antony","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antony P, Vijayan R (2021) Bioactive peptides as potential nutraceuticals for diabetes therapy: A comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci 22:9059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22169059","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1542_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-025-01420-w","volume":"80","author":"JDC Valdez-Arana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valdez-Arana JDC, Espinoza-Villanueva LP, Cabrera-de-la-Cruz L, Vidaurre-Ruiz J (2025) Erythrina edulis (Pajuro): An undervalued alternative for the generation of bioactive peptides with nutraceutical properties. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 80:176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-025-01420-w","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"1542_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-025-01415-7","volume":"80","author":"E Lourembam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lourembam E, Gogoi S, Das RT, Bordoloi N, Oinam BS (2025) Unraveling the Therapeutic Benefits of Amaranthus Species: a Comprehensive Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 80:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-025-01415-7","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"1542_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2018.07.002","volume":"6","author":"FI Achuba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Achuba FI (2018) Role of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract in prevention of renal toxicity induced by crude petroleum contaminated diets in rats. Int J Vet Sci Med 6:172\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2018.07.002","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci Med"},{"key":"1542_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.21776\/ub.industria.2023.012.01.4","volume":"12","author":"M Fawwaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fawwaz M, Pratama M, Latu S, Rahayu R, Nurkamilah A (2023) The potential of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) in herbal medicine as anti-inflammatory agent. Industria 12:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21776\/ub.industria.2023.012.01.4","journal-title":"Industria"},{"key":"1542_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4187","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2018.00768.0","volume":"11","author":"S Danladi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Danladi S, Hassan MA, Masa\u2019ud IA, Ibrahim UI (2018) Vernonia amygdalina Del: A mini review. Res J Pharm Technol 11:4187\u20134190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/0974-360X.2018.00768.0","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"1542_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2023.100488","volume":"3","author":"GI Edo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Edo GI, Samuel PO, Jikah AN, Onoharigho FO, Idu LI, Obasohan P et al (2023) Biological and bioactive components of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina): Insight on health and nutritional benefits. Food Chem Adv 3:100488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focha.2023.100488","journal-title":"Food Chem Adv"},{"key":"1542_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382219-2.00111-3","volume-title":"Handbook of proteolytic enzymes","author":"B van den Burg","year":"2013","unstructured":"van den Burg B, Eijsink V (2013) Thermolysin and related Bacillus metallopeptidases. In: Rawlings ND, Salvesen G (eds) Handbook of proteolytic enzymes, 3rd edn. Academic, Oxford, pp 540\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-382219-2.00111-3.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1542_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-025-01426-4","volume":"80","author":"WT Hung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hung WT, Liao HY, Sutopo CCY, Widyastuti E, Lin TCC, Hsu JL (2025) Perilla frutescens seeds as a source of antihypertensive peptides. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 80:178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-025-01426-4","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"1542_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12112452","volume":"12","author":"WT Hung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hung WT, Sutopo CCY, Mahatmanto T, Wu ML, Hsu JL (2024) Exploring the antidiabetic and antihypertensive potential of peptides derived from bitter melon seed hydrolysate. Biomedicines 12:2452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12112452","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1542_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.183","volume":"134","author":"T Hatanaka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hatanaka T, Inoue Y, Arima J, Kumagai Y, Usuki H, Kawakami K et al (2012) Production of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from defatted rice bran. Food Chem 134:797\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.183","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"1542_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129473","volume":"354","author":"F Rivero-Pino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rivero-Pino F, Espejo-Carpio FJ, Guadix EM (2021) Identification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from vegetable protein sources. Food Chem 354:129473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129473","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"1542_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12451","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12451","volume":"43","author":"AB Nongonierma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ (2019) Features of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from dietary proteins. J Food Biochem 43:e12451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfbc.12451","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"key":"1542_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462771","volume":"1663","author":"J Molineau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Molineau J, Hideux M, Hennig P, Bertin S, Mauge F, Lesellier E, West C (2022) Analysis of short-chain bioactive peptides by unified chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Part II. Comparison to reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1663:462771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462771","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"1542_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.04.018","volume":"57","author":"AB Nongonierma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nongonierma AB, Mooney C, Shields DC, FitzGerald RJ (2014) In silico approaches to predict milk protein-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. Peptides 57:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.04.018","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"1542_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13103079","volume":"13","author":"SH Abida","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abida SH, Sutopo CCY, Hung WT, Nong NTP, Mahatmanto T, Hsu JL (2025) Stable non-competitive DPP-IV inhibitory hexapeptide from Parkia timoriana seeds. Processes 13:3079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr13103079","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"1542_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14575","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02733","volume":"71","author":"S Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang S, Li ZM, Feng Y, Yu S, Li Z, Zhang D, Wang C (2023) DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from coix seed prolamins. J Agric Food Chem 71:14575\u201314592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02733","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"1542_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.37.422","volume":"37","author":"H Umezawa","year":"1984","unstructured":"Umezawa H, Aoyagi T, Ogawa K, Naganawa H, Hamada M, Takeuchi T (1984) Diprotins A and B, inhibitors of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV. J Antibiot 37:422\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7164\/antibiotics.37.422","journal-title":"J Antibiot"},{"key":"1542_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2016.03.005","volume":"79","author":"AB Nongonierma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ (2016) Structure\u2013activity relationship of milk-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. Peptides 79:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2016.03.005","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"1542_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2004.068","volume":"385","author":"H Hiramatsu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hiramatsu H, Yamamoto A, Kyono K, Higashiyama Y, Fukushima C, Shima H et al (2004) Crystal structure of human DPP-IV complex with diprotin A. Biol Chem 385:561\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/BC.2004.068","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"1542_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111629","volume":"16","author":"WT Hung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hung WT, Sutopo CCY, Wu ML, Hsu JL (2023) Discovery of a dual-function peptide from bitter gourd seed protein. Pharmaceuticals 16:1629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16111629","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"1542_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003601","volume":"73","author":"O Power","year":"2014","unstructured":"Power O, Nongonierma AB, Jakeman P, FitzGerald RJ (2014) Food protein hydrolysates as a source of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. Proc Nutr Soc 73:34\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665113003601","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"1542_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041189","volume":"92","author":"Vermeirssen Vermeirssen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vermeirssen V, Van Camp J, Verstraete W (2004) Bioavailability of ACE inhibitory peptides. Br J Nutr 92:357\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/BJN20041189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/BJN20041189","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Plant Foods for Human Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11130-026-01542-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11130-026-01542-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11130-026-01542-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:13:21Z","timestamp":1790597601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11130-026-01542-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-026-01542-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-9668","1573-9104"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-9668","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-9104","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"94"}}