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This study characterized a\n                    <jats:italic>B. glabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (BGE) and evaluated its antioxidant capacity, cytotoxic effects, and modulation of intracellular ROS levels in Caco-2 cells. UPLC-MS identified 21 phenolic compounds, including rutin and quercetin, and two major betacyanins. BGE exhibited ABTS radical scavenging activity (156\u2013188 \u00b5M TE), reduced intracellular ROS levels under basal and LPS-stimulated conditions, decreased Caco-2 cell viability, and enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. These effects were associated with apoptosis- and autophagy-related markers, including p53 and Bcl-2 expression, and differential regulation of genes involved in caspase activation and NF-kB signaling. Overall, BGE exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, supporting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for colorectal cancer research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-026-01560-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:28:43Z","timestamp":1787750923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization and Mechanistic Insights into the Cytotoxic Effects of Bougainvillea glabra Bract Extract in Caco-2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Mariana C.","family":"Leal-Alcazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Bautista-Palestina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Rocha-Piza\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan L.","family":"Monribot-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Guerrero-Analco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mojica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonhatan","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7734-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A.","family":"Luna-Vital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2025.106857","volume":"129","author":"N El Omari","year":"2025","unstructured":"El Omari N, El Fessikh M, Aboulaghras S et al (2025) The role of inflammation in colorectal Cancer and the preventive potential of natural compounds. 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