{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:05:17Z","timestamp":1767665117065},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]],"date-time":"2013-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379980800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,23]],"date-time":"2013-09-23T02:27:18Z","timestamp":1379903238000},"page":"887-896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Qualitative development of the \u2018Questionnaire on Pain caused by Spasticity (QPS),\u2019 a pediatric patient\u2010reported outcome for spasticity\u2010related pain in cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Thorin L.","family":"Geister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manjari","family":"Quintanar-Solares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Aufhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Asmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70176-4","volume":"10","author":"ML Aisen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aisen, M. L., Kerkovich, D., Mast, J., Mulroy, S., Wren, T. A., Kay, R. M., et al. (2011). Cerebral palsy: Clinical care and neurological rehabilitation. Lancet Neurology, 10(9), 844\u2013852. doi: 10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70176-4 .","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"526_CR2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Facts about cerebral palsy. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/cp\/facts.html . Accessed October 3, 2012."},{"issue":"9580","key":"526_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61013-7","volume":"369","author":"HO Dickinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dickinson, H. O., Parkinson, K. N., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Schirripa, G., Thyen, U., Arnaud, C., et al. (2007). Self-reported quality of life of 8\u201312-year-old children with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional European study. Lancet, 369(9580), 2171\u20132178. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61013-7 .","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"526_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0b013e3181ccbabb","volume":"22","author":"S Doralp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Doralp, S., & Bartlett, D. J. (2010). The prevalence, distribution, and effect of pain among adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 22(1), 26\u201333. doi: 10.1097\/PEP.0b013e3181ccbabb .","journal-title":"Pediatric Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"526_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03315.x","volume":"51","author":"CT Lundy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lundy, C. T., Doherty, G. M., & Fairhurst, C. B. (2009). Botulinum toxin type A injections can be an effective treatment for pain in children with hip spasms and cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 51(9), 705\u2013710. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03315.x .","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"526_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1720-x","volume":"172","author":"M Massaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Massaro, M., Pastore, S., Ventura, A., & Barbi, E. (2013). Pain in cognitively impaired children: A focus for general pediatricians. European Journal of Pediatrics, 172(1), 9\u201314. doi: 10.1007\/s00431-012-1720-x .","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"526_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01626.x","volume":"99","author":"KN Parkinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parkinson, K. N., Gibson, L., Dickinson, H. O., & Colver, A. F. (2010). Pain in children with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional multicentre European study. Acta Paediatrica, 99(3), 446\u2013451. doi: 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01626.x .","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"5","key":"526_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.04.006","volume":"15","author":"E Chaleat-Valayer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaleat-Valayer, E., Parratte, B., Colin, C., Denis, A., Oudin, S., Berard, C., et al. (2011). A French observational study of botulinum toxin use in the management of children with cerebral palsy: BOTULOSCOPE. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 15(5), 439\u2013448. doi: 10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.04.006 .","journal-title":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"526_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00123-9","volume":"99","author":"KL Hadden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hadden, K. L., & von Baeyer, C. L. (2002). Pain in children with cerebral palsy: Common triggers and expressive behaviors. Pain, 99(1\u20132), 281\u2013288.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"526_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04070.x","volume":"53","author":"K Ramstad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramstad, K., Jahnsen, R., Skjeldal, O. H., & Diseth, T. H. (2011). Characteristics of recurrent musculoskeletal pain in children with cerebral palsy aged 8 to 18\u00a0years. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53(11), 1013\u20131018. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04070.x .","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"526_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31824fa9ca","volume":"91","author":"A Esquenazi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Esquenazi, A., Mayer, N., Lee, S., Brashear, A., Elovic, E., Francisco, G. E., et al. (2012). Patient registry of outcomes in spasticity care. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(9), 729\u2013746. doi: 10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31824fa9ca .","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"526_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.582197","volume":"42","author":"LC Shaw","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaw, L. C., Price, C. I., van Wijck, F. M., Shackley, P., Steen, N., Barnes, M. P., et al. (2011). Botulinum toxin for the upper limb after stroke (BoTULS) trial: Effect on impairment, activity limitation, and pain. Stroke, 42(5), 1371\u20131379. doi: 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.582197 .","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"526_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181cbcd2f","volume":"74","author":"MR Delgado","year":"2010","unstructured":"Delgado, M. R., Hirtz, D., Aisen, M., Ashwal, S., Fehlings, D. L., McLaughlin, J., et al. (2010). Practice parameter: Pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology, 74(4), 336\u2013343. doi: 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181cbcd2f .","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"526_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03126.x","volume":"17","author":"SC Love","year":"2010","unstructured":"Love, S. C., Novak, I., Kentish, M., Desloovere, K., Heinen, F., Molenaers, G., et al. (2010). Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and after-care for lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: International consensus statement. European Journal of Neurology, 17(Suppl 2), 9\u201337. doi: 10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03126.x .","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"526_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/197616","volume":"11","author":"CL Baeyer von","year":"2006","unstructured":"von Baeyer, C. L. (2006). Children\u2019s self-reports of pain intensity: Scale selection, limitations and interpretation. Pain Research Management, 11(3), 157\u2013162.","journal-title":"Pain Research Management"},{"key":"526_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, L. L., Lemanek, K., Blount, R. L., Dahlquist, L. M., Lim, C. S., Palermo, T. M., et al. (2008). Evidence-based assessment of pediatric pain. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(9), 939\u2013955; discussion 956-937. doi: 10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm103 .","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm103"},{"key":"526_CR17","unstructured":"Royal College of Nursing. (2009). The recognition and assessment of acute pain in children. http:\/\/www.rcn.org.uk\/_data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0004\/269185\/003542.pdf . Accessed November 27, 2012."},{"issue":"3","key":"526_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.08.011","volume":"33","author":"A Hunt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunt, A., Wisbeach, A., Seers, K., Goldman, A., Crichton, N., Perry, L., et al. (2007). Development of the paediatric pain profile: Role of video analysis and saliva cortisol in validating a tool to assess pain in children with severe neurological disability. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 33(3), 276\u2013289. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.08.011 .","journal-title":"Journal of Pain and Symptom Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"526_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-199809000-00001","volume":"18","author":"LH Daltroy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Daltroy, L. H., Liang, M. H., Fossel, A. H., & Goldberg, M. J. (1998). The POSNA pediatric musculoskeletal functional health questionnaire: report on reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Pediatric Outcomes Instrument Development Group. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, 18(5), 561\u2013571.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics"},{"key":"526_CR20","volume-title":"The CHQ user\u2019s manual","author":"JA Landgraf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Landgraf, J. A., Abetz, L., & Ware, J. (1996). The CHQ user\u2019s manual. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center."},{"issue":"7","key":"526_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00308.x","volume":"44","author":"ML McCarthy","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCarthy, M. L., Silberstein, C. E., Atkins, E. A., Harryman, S. E., Sponseller, P. D., & Hadley-Miller, N. A. (2002). Comparing reliability and validity of pediatric instruments for measuring health and well-being of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44(7), 468\u2013476.","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"526_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199902000-00003","volume":"37","author":"JW Varni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Varni, J. W., Seid, M., & Rode, C. A. (1999). The PedsQL: Measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Medical Care, 37(2), 126\u2013139.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"526_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2001.0265","volume":"5","author":"P Collignon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Collignon, P., & Giusiano, B. (2001). Validation of a pain evaluation scale for patients with severe cerebral palsy. European Journal of Pain, 5(4), 433\u2013442. doi: 10.1053\/eujp.2001.0265 .","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"526_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.06.029","volume":"85","author":"EJ Boldingh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boldingh, E. J., Jacobs-van der Bruggen, M. A., Lankhorst, G. J., & Bouter, L. M. (2004). Assessing pain in patients with severe cerebral palsy: Development, reliability, and validity of a pain assessment instrument for cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(5), 758\u2013766.","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"526_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.013","volume":"14","author":"DL Patrick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patrick, D. L., Burke, L. B., Gwaltney, C. J., Leidy, N. K., Martin, M. L., Molsen, E., et al. (2011). Content validity\u2014establishing and reporting the evidence in newly developed patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instruments for medical product evaluation: ISPOR PRO Good Research Practices Task Force report: Part 2\u2014assessing respondent understanding. Value Health, 14(8), 978\u2013988. doi: 10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.013 .","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"526_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.014","volume":"14","author":"DL Patrick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patrick, D. L., Burke, L. B., Gwaltney, C. J., Leidy, N. K., Martin, M. L., Molsen, E., et al. (2011). Content validity\u2014establishing and reporting the evidence in newly developed patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instruments for medical product evaluation: ISPOR PRO good research practices task force report: Part 1\u2014eliciting concepts for a new PRO instrument. Value Health, 14(8), 967\u2013977. doi: 10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.014 .","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"526_CR27","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. (2009). Guidance for industry\u2014patient-reported outcome measures: Use in medical product development to support labeling claims. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/UCM193282.pdf . December 2009."},{"key":"526_CR28","unstructured":"International Conference on Harmonisation. (1996). ICH harmonised tripartite guideline: Guideline for good clinical practice E6(R1). http:\/\/www.ich.org\/fileadmin\/Public_Web_Site\/ICH_Products\/Guidelines\/Efficacy\/E6_R1\/Step4\/E6_R1__Guideline.pdf . Accessed December 4, 2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"526_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-198701000-00003","volume":"6","author":"CM Baker","year":"1987","unstructured":"Baker, C. M., & Wong, D. L. (1987). Q.U.E.S.T.: A process of pain assessment in children (continuing education credit). Orthopaedic Nursing, 6(1), 11\u201321.","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Nursing"},{"key":"526_CR30","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Advances in pain research and therapy","author":"PJ McGrath","year":"1985","unstructured":"McGrath, P. J., Jhonson, G., Goodman, J. T., Schillinger, J., & Dunn, J. (1985). The CHEOPS: A behavioral scale to measure postoperative pain in children. In J. F. Chapman, R. Dubner, & F. Cervero (Eds.), Advances in pain research and therapy (Vol. 9, pp. 395\u2013402). New York: Raven Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"526_CR31","first-page":"293","volume":"23","author":"SI Merkel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merkel, S. I., Voepel-Lewis, T., Shayevitz, J. R., & Malviya, S. (1997). The FLACC: A behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatric Nursing, 23(3), 293\u2013297.","journal-title":"Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"526_CR32","first-page":"335","volume":"7","author":"JE Beyer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beyer, J. E., Denyes, M. J., & Villarruel, A. M. (1992). The creation, validation, and continuing development of the Oucher: A measure of pain intensity in children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 7(5), 335\u2013346.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"526_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1168","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1609","volume":"126","author":"D Tomlinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomlinson, D., von Baeyer, C. L., Stinson, J. N., & Sung, L. (2010). A systematic review of faces scales for the self-report of pain intensity in children. Pediatrics, 126(5), e1168\u2013e1198. doi: 10.1542\/peds.2010-1609 .","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"526_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0003-8","volume":"21","author":"JM Norquist","year":"2012","unstructured":"Norquist, J. M., Girman, C., Fehnel, S., DeMuro-Mercon, C., & Santanello, N. (2012). Choice of recall period for patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures: Criteria for consideration. Quality of Life Research, 21(6), 1013\u20131020. doi: 10.1007\/s11136-011-0003-8 .","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"526_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016693417166","volume":"10","author":"G Rebok","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rebok, G., Riley, A., Forrest, C., Starfield, B., Green, B., Robertson, J., et al. (2001). Elementary school-aged children\u2019s reports of their health: A cognitive interviewing study. Quality of Life Research, 10(1), 59\u201370.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"526_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzh086","volume":"17","author":"CF Chiou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiou, C. F., Weaver, M. R., Bell, M. A., Lee, T. A., & Krieger, J. W. (2005). Development of the multi-attribute Pediatric Asthma Health Outcome Measure (PAHOM). International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 17(1), 23\u201330. doi: 10.1093\/intqhc\/mzh086 .","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care"},{"key":"526_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-3","volume":"7","author":"DE Irwin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Irwin, D. E., Varni, J. W., Yeatts, K., & DeWalt, D. A. (2009). Cognitive interviewing methodology in the development of a pediatric item bank: A patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) study. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 7, 3. doi: 10.1186\/1477-7525-7-3 .","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"}],"container-title":["Quality of Life Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T19:14:51Z","timestamp":1553627691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9343","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]}}}