{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:27:29Z","timestamp":1790738849818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Intra-mural Programme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intra-mural Programme"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000293","name":"Deafness Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000293","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-2070-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T16:02:10Z","timestamp":1543334530000},"page":"1145-1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Sensitivity of EQ-5D-3L, HUI2, HUI3, and SF-6D to changes in speech reception and tinnitus associated with cochlear implantation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"name":"the UK Cochlear Implant Study Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Q.","family":"Summerfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9040-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. R.","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2070_CR1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2013). Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. Retrieved 30 November, 2017, from https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/process\/pmg9\/chapter\/foreword ."},{"key":"2070_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2165\/00148365-200403020-00006","volume":"3","author":"GR Barton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barton, G. R., Bankart, J., Davis, A. C., & Summerfield, A. Q. (2004). Comparing utility scores before and after hearing-aid provision. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 3, 103\u2013105.","journal-title":"Applied Health Economics and Health Policy"},{"key":"2070_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020500057566","volume":"44","author":"GR Barton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barton, G. R., Bankart, J., & Davis, A. C. (2005). A comparison of the quality of life of hearing-impaired people as estimated by three different utility measures. International Journal of Audiology, 44, 157\u2013163.","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"2070_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9237-x","volume":"16","author":"JPC Grutters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grutters, J. P. C., Joore, M. A., van der Horst, F., Verschuure, H., Dreschler, W. A., & Anteunis, L. J. C. (2007). Choosing between measures: comparison of EQ-5D, HUI2 and HUI3 in persons with hearing complaints. Quality of Life Research, 16, 1439\u20131449.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"2070_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0417-6","volume":"22","author":"Y Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Longworth, L., & Brazier, J. (2013). An assessment of the validity and responsiveness of generic measures of health-related quality of life in hearing impairment. Quality of Life Research, 22, 2813\u20132828.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"2070_CR6","volume-title":"Hearing in adults","author":"AC Davis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Davis, A. C. (1995). Hearing in adults. London: Whurr Publishers Ltd."},{"key":"2070_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303299","volume":"106","author":"AM Goman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goman, A. M., & Lin, F. R. (2016). Prevalence of hearing loss by severity in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 106, 1820\u20131822.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2070_CR8","volume-title":"Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes","author":"MF Drummond","year":"1997","unstructured":"Drummond, M. F., O\u2019Brien, B., Stoddart, G. L., & Torrance, G. W. (1997). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2070_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0233-1","volume-title":"The measurement and evaluation of health status using EQ-5D: A European perspective","author":"R Brooks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brooks, R., Rabin, R., & de Charro, F. (2003). The measurement and evaluation of health status using EQ-5D: A European perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"2070_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"J Horsman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Horsman, J., Furlong, W., Feeny, D., & Torrance, G. (2003). The Health Utilities Index (HUI): Concepts, measurement properties and applications. Health Quality of Life Outcomes, 16, 1:54.","journal-title":"Health Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2070_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(01)00130-8","volume":"21","author":"J Brazier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brazier, J., Roberts, J., & Deverill, M. (2002). The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36. Journal of Health Economics, 21, 271\u2013292.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"2070_CR12","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2017). Position statement on the EQ-5D-5L valuation set. Retrieved 20 December, 2017, from https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/Media\/Default\/About\/what-we-do\/NICE-guidance\/NICE-technology-appraisal-guidance\/eq5d5l_nice_position_statement.pdf ."},{"key":"2070_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199607000-00004","volume":"7","author":"G Torrance","year":"1996","unstructured":"Torrance, G., Feeny, D., Furlong, W., Barr, R., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Q. (1996). Multiattribute utility function for a comprehensive health status classification system: Health Utilities Index Mark 2. Medical Care, 7, 702\u2013722.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"2070_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200202000-00006","volume":"40","author":"D Feeny","year":"2002","unstructured":"Feeny, D., Furlong, W., Torrance, G. W., Goldsmith, C. H., Zhu, Z., DePauw, S., Denton, M., & Boyle, M. (2002). Multiattribute and single-attribute utility functions for the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 system. Medical Care, 40, 113\u2013128.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"2070_CR15","volume-title":"SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide","author":"JE Ware","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ware, J. E., Snow, K. K., Kosinski, M., & Gandek, B. (1993). SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center."},{"key":"2070_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-009-9525-8","volume":"18","author":"U Konerding","year":"2009","unstructured":"Konerding, U., Moock, J., & Kohlmann, T. (2009). The classification systems of the EQ-5D, the HUI II and the SF-6D: What do they have in common? Quality of Life Research, 18, 1249\u20131261.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"2070_CR17","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2009). Cochlear implants for children and adults with severe to profound deafness. Technology Appraisal Guidance [TA166]. Retrieved 1 November 2017, from, https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta166 ."},{"key":"2070_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000134549.48718.53","volume":"25","author":"UK Cochlear Implant Study Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"UK Cochlear Implant Study Group. (2004). Criteria of candidacy for unilateral cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults I: Theory and measures of effectiveness. Ear and Hearing, 25, 310\u2013335.","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"2070_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13060","volume":"13","author":"M Bond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bond, M., Mealing, S., Anderson, R., Elston, J., Weiner, G., Taylor, R. S., Hoyle, M., Liu, Z., Price, A., & Stein, K. (2009). The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cochlear implants for severe to profound deafness in children and adults: A systematic review and economic model. Health Technology Assessment, 13, 1\u2013330.","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment"},{"key":"2070_CR20","volume-title":"Scott-brown otolaryngology","author":"RRA Coles","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coles, R. R. A. (1997). Tinnitus. In A. G. Kerr (Ed.), Scott-brown otolaryngology. London: Butterworth-Heinemann."},{"key":"2070_CR21","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Tinnitus handbook","author":"R Dauman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dauman, R. (2000). Electrical stimulation for tinnitus suppression. In R. Tyler (Ed.), Tinnitus handbook (pp.\u00a0377\u2013398). San Diego: Singular."},{"key":"2070_CR22","unstructured":"McFadden, D. (1982). Tinnitus: Facts, theories, and treatments. Report of Working Group 89, Committee on Hearing Bioacoustics and Biomechanics. Washington, DC."},{"key":"2070_CR23","unstructured":"Tyler, R. S., & Kelsay, D. (1990). Advantages and disadvantages reported by some of the better cochlear-implant users. American Journal of Otology 11."},{"key":"2070_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000134550.80305.04","volume":"25","author":"UK Cochlear Implant Study Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"UK Cochlear Implant Study Group. (2004). Criteria of candidacy for unilateral cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults II: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Ear and Hearing, 25, 336\u2013360.","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"2070_CR25","first-page":"360","volume":"25","author":"UK Cochlear Implant Study Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"UK Cochlear Implant Study Group. (2004). Criteria of candidacy for unilateral cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults III: Prospective evaluation of an actuarial approach to defining a criterion. Ear and Hearing, 25, 360\u2013374.","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"2070_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199711000-00002","volume":"35","author":"P Dolan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dolan, P. (1997). Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Medical Care, 35, 1095\u20131108.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"2070_CR27","volume-title":"The UK SF-36: An analysis and interpretation manual","author":"C Jenkinson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jenkinson, C., Layte, R., Wright, L., & Coulter, A. (1996). The UK SF-36: An analysis and interpretation manual. Oxford: Health Services Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford."},{"key":"2070_CR28","unstructured":"School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield (2017). Measuring and Valuing Health: SF-6D. Retrieved 1 November, 2017, from https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/scharr\/sections\/heds\/mvh\/sf-6d ."},{"key":"2070_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3109\/03005367909078884","volume":"13","author":"J Bench","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bench, J., Kowal, A., & Bamford, J. (1979). The BKB (Bamford-Kowal-Bench) sentence lists for partially-hearing children. British Journal of Audiology, 13, 108\u2013112.","journal-title":"British Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"2070_CR30","unstructured":"Sissons, C. (1996). Tinnitus questionnaire items for measures of severity, maskability, and intrusion\/annoyance. Dissertation presented to the Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham."},{"key":"2070_CR31","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk","author":"IBM Corporation","year":"2016","unstructured":"IBM Corporation. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk. New York: IBM Corp."},{"key":"2070_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9180-x","volume":"16","author":"GR Norman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Norman, G. R., Wyrwich, K. W., & Patrick, D. L. (2007). The mathematical relationship among different forms of responsiveness coefficients. Quality of Life Research, 16, 815\u2013822.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"2070_CR33","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2017). Review of TA166; Cochlear implants for children and adults with severe to profound deafness. Retrieved 24 July, 2018, from https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta166\/documents\/review-proposal-paper ."},{"key":"2070_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2718939","volume":"64","author":"FG Zeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeng, F. G. (2017). Challenges in improving cochlear implant performance and accessibility. IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering, 64, 1662\u20131664.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2070_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.10.1041","volume":"129","author":"KJ Cruickshanks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cruickshanks, K. J., Tweed, T. S., Wiley, T. L., Klein, B. E., Klein, R., Chappell, R., Nondahl, D. M., & Dalton, D. S. (2003). The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss: The epidemiology of hearing loss study. Archives of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 129, 1041\u20131046.","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"2070_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.11.011","volume":"71","author":"TH Sach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sach, T. H., & Barton, G. R. (2007). Interpreting parental proxy reports of (health-related) quality of life for children with unilateral cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 71, 435\u2013445.","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"2070_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.18.3.7","volume":"18","author":"DM Nondahl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nondahl, D. M., Cruickshanks, K. J., Dalton, D. S., Klein, B. E., Klein, R., Schubert, C. R., Tweed, T. S., & Wiley, T. L. (2007). The impact of tinnitus on quality of life in older adults. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 18, 257\u2013266.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"2070_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1995.77.1.27","volume":"77","author":"W Briner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Briner, W. (1995). A behavioral nosology for tinnitus. Psychological Reports, 77, 27\u201334.","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"2070_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.114673","volume":"124","author":"RL Folmer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Folmer, R. L., Griest, S. E., & Martin, W. H. (2001). Chronic tinnitus as phantom auditory pain. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 124, 394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"2070_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/03005364000000114","volume":"34","author":"SI Erlandsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Erlandsson, S.\u00a0I., & Hallberg, L. R. (2000). Prediction of quality of life in patients with tinnitus. British Journal of Audiology, 34, 11\u201320.","journal-title":"British Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"2070_CR41","first-page":"61","volume":"10","author":"M Sullivan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sullivan, M., Katon, W. J., Russo, J., Dobie, R., & Sakai, C. (1992). Somatization, co-morbidity, and the quality of life: Measuring the effect of depression upon chronic medical illness. Psychiatric Medicine, 10, 61\u201376.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Medicine"},{"key":"2070_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2015.1014577","volume":"54","author":"A McCormack","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCormack, A., Edmondson-Jones, M., Fortnum, H., Dawes, P. D., Middleton, H., Munro, K. J., & Moore, D. R. (2015). Investigating the association between tinnitus severity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, while controlling for neuroticism, in a large middle-aged UK population. International Journal of Audiology, 54, 599\u2013604.","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"2070_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181fdf09f","volume":"32","author":"IHL Maes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maes, I. H. L., Joore, M. A., Cima, R. F. F., Vlayen, J. W., & Anteunis, J. C. (2011). Assessment of health state in patients with tinnitus: a comparison of the EQ-5D and HUI Mark III. Ear and Hearing, 32, 428\u2013435.","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"2070_CR44","unstructured":"School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield (2018). Extending the QALY. Retrieved 24 October, 2018, from https:\/\/scharr.dept.shef.ac.uk\/e-qaly\/ ."},{"key":"2070_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.09.004","volume":"18","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Rowen, D., Brazier, J., Tsuchiya, A., Young, T., & Longworth, L. (2015). An exploratory study to test the impact on three \u2018bolt-on\u2019 items to the EQ-5D. Value Health, 18, 52\u201360.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"2070_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.06.002","volume":"20","author":"AP Finch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finch, A. P., Brazier, J. E., & Mukuria, C. (2017). An exploratory study on using principal-component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to identify bolt-on dimensions: The EQ-5D case study. Value Health, 20, 1362\u20131375.","journal-title":"Value Health"}],"container-title":["Quality of Life Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-018-2070-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11136-018-2070-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-018-2070-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T03:06:36Z","timestamp":1605495996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11136-018-2070-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-2070-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9343","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2018","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2018","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"During the 1990s and 2000s, AQS received remuneration of the costs of attending scientific conferences from manufacturers of cochlear implants which had invited him to present the results of research. While attending conferences, AQS received hospitality from manufacturers of cochlear implants. Between 2008 and 2010, AQS received a research grant from a manufacturer of cochlear implants to develop an apparatus to measure the listening skills of users of cochlear implants. Between 2006 and 2010, AQS was chief scientific advisor to the charity, Deafness Research UK\u2014The hearing Research Trust, from which he had previously received a research grant that contributed to the costs of the study reported in this paper. AQS is a trustee of the charity, Action on Hearing Loss, which campaigns on behalf of people who are deaf, have hearing loss, or suffer from tinnitus. Garry Barton (GRB) declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research reported in this paper was approved by a multi-centre research ethics committee of the UK National Health Service. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}