{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:09:19Z","timestamp":1787800159283,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a common condition that places considerable burden on patients. We aimed to develop a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure to assess the symptoms and impacts of HF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Phase 1: a targeted literature review, expert interviews, and concept elicitation (CE) interviews with patients with HF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) were used to develop a conceptual model of the core symptoms and impacts of HF. To capture these concepts, three new fit-for-purpose PRO questionnaires were constructed in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration PRO guidance. Phase 2: three \u2018waves\u2019 of cognitive interviews were conducted with patients with HF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) to validate and refine the questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three key symptoms\u2014shortness of breath, oedema, and fatigue\u2014were identified across the literature review, expert interviews and CE interviews. Several additional symptoms, cognitive changes and impacts of HF were reported in the CE interviews and included in the conceptual model. A 10-item symptom questionnaire (Heart Failure-Daily Symptom Diary) was constructed; cognitive testing showed that the final PRO measure was easy to understand\/complete and relevant to patients with HF, confirming content validity. Two HF impact questionnaires were developed (Assessing Dyspnoea\u2019s Impact on Mobility and Sleep and Heart Failure-Functional Status Assessment), but required refinement to ensure patient understanding.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient input contributed to the development of a PRO instrument for assessing physical and cognitive symptoms important to patients with HF using novel measurement strategies. Inclusion of daily metrics offers differentiation from other qualified instruments and may provide clinical insight for improving lifestyles. Additionally, two draft PRO measures may, after further validation, be useful to assess the impacts of HF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02537-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T22:02:38Z","timestamp":1590703358000},"page":"2835-2848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development of a conceptual model and patient-reported outcome measures for assessing symptoms and functioning in patients with heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Moshkovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"von Maltzahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Gorsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanja","family":"Sikirica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajnish","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Sprecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5070062","volume":"5","author":"AA Inamdar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Inamdar, A. 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RvM and RS are employees and stock holders of GSK. KB is an employee of AbbVie. VS is a stockholder of Novartis. BG, VS, and DS were GSK employees at the time of the study. KH and KB were employees of ICON at the time of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest:"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The ethics bodies that approved the study at the three clinical sites were as follows: Site names: MedStar Health Research Institute, University of Colorado Health Memorial Health System, Health Institutional Review Board, and The Valley Hospital. IRB used: Western Institutional Review Board, University of Colorado Health Institutional Review Board, and Western Institutional Review. IRB protocol numbers: 20151655, #15-6036, and 20151655.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval:"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}