{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:08:31Z","timestamp":1791360511436,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013327","name":"H. Lundbeck A\/S","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the reliability and validity of the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) specifically on patients with chronic migraine (CM) from the PROMISE-2 clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The conceptual framework of HIT-6 was evaluated using baseline data from the PROMISE-2 study (NCT02974153;<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091072). A unidimensional graded response model within the item response theory (IRT) framework was used to evaluate model fit and item characteristics. Using baseline and week 12 data, convergent and discriminant validity of the HIT-6 was evaluated by correlation coefficients. Sensitivity to change was assessed by evaluating correlations between HIT-6 scores and change scores for other established reference measures. All examined correlations were specified a priori with respect to direction and magnitude. Known-groups analyses were anchored using Patient Global Impression of Change and monthly headache days at week 12.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A unidimensional model fit the data well, supporting that the 6 items measure a single construct. All item slopes and thresholds were within acceptable ranges. In both the validity and sensitivity to change analyses, all observed correlations conformed to directional expectations, and most conformed to magnitude expectations. Known-groups analyses demonstrated that the HIT-6 total score can distinguish between clinically meaningful CM subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HIT-6 was successfully calibrated using IRT with data from PROMISE-2. Results from these analyses were generally consistent with previous literature and provided supportive evidence that the HIT-6 is well suited for measuring the impact of headache and migraine in the CM population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T04:10:56Z","timestamp":1603167056000},"page":"931-943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Reliability and validity of the 6-item Headache Impact Test in chronic migraine from the PROMISE-2 study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1233-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie R.","family":"Houts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"McGinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Cady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). (2018). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia, 38(1), 1\u2013211.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0233-z","volume":"16","author":"Z Katsarava","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katsarava, Z., Buse, D. C., Manack, A. N., & Lipton, R. B. (2012). Defining the differences between episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 16(1), 86\u201392.","journal-title":"Current Pain and Headache Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"2668_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2003.03068.x","volume":"43","author":"ME Bigal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bigal, M. E., Rapoport, A. M., Lipton, R. B., Tepper, S. J., & Sheftell, F. D. (2003). Assessment of migraine disability using the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire: A comparison of chronic migraine with episodic migraine. Headache, 43(4), 336\u2013342.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"9","key":"2668_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02205.x","volume":"42","author":"ME Bigal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bigal, M. E., Bordini, C. A., Sheftell, F. D., Speciali, J. G., & Bigal, J. O. (2002). Migraine with aura versus migraine without aura: Pain intensity and associated symptom intensities after placebo. Headache, 42(9), 872\u2013877.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.02046.x","volume":"52","author":"D Buse","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buse, D., Manack, A., Serrano, D., Reed, M., Varon, S., Turkel, C., et al. (2012). Headache impact of chronic and episodic migraine: Results from the American migraine prevalence and prevention study. Headache, 52(1), 3\u201317.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"2668_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414552532","volume":"35","author":"AM Adams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adams, A. M., Serrano, D., Buse, D. C., Reed, M. L., Marske, V., Fanning, K. M., et al. (2015). The impact of chronic migraine: The chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes (CaMEO) study methods and baseline results. Cephalalgia, 35(7), 563\u2013578.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2668_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12505_2","volume":"55","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lipton, R. B., & Silberstein, S. D. (2015). Episodic and chronic migraine headache: Breaking down barriers to optimal treatment and prevention. Headache, 55(Suppl 2), 103\u2013122. quiz 123-106.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"8","key":"2668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12878","volume":"56","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lipton, R. B., Manack Adams, A., Buse, D. C., Fanning, K. M., & Reed, M. L. (2016). A comparison of the chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes (CaMEO) study and American migraine prevalence and prevention (AMPP) study: Demographics and headache-related disability. Headache, 56(8), 1280\u20131289.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0385-0","volume":"18","author":"M Lanteri-Minet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lanteri-Minet, M. (2014). Economic burden and costs of chronic migraine. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 18(1), 385.","journal-title":"Current Pain and Headache Reports"},{"issue":"2a","key":"2668_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2005000200005","volume":"63","author":"JP Mercante","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mercante, J. P., Peres, M. F., Guendler, V., Zukerman, E., & Bernik, M. A. (2005). Depression in chronic migraine: Severity and clinical features. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 63(2a), 217\u2013220.","journal-title":"Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria"},{"issue":"6","key":"2668_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2505-1","volume":"37","author":"C Lucchesi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lucchesi, C., Baldacci, F., Cafalli, M., Dini, E., Giampietri, L., Siciliano, G., et al. (2016). Fatigue, sleep-wake pattern, depressive and anxiety symptoms and body-mass index: Analysis in a sample of episodic and chronic migraine patients. Neurological Sciences, 37(6), 987\u2013989.","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2668_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410379890","volume":"31","author":"M Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang, M., Rendas-Baum, R., Varon, S. F., & Kosinski, M. (2011). Validation of the headache impact test (HIT-6) across episodic and chronic migraine. Cephalalgia, 31(3), 357\u2013367.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2668_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026119331193","volume":"12","author":"M Kosinski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kosinski, M., Bayliss, M. S., Bjorner, J. B., Ware, J. E., Jr., Garber, W. H., Batenhorst, A., et al. (2003). A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: The HIT-6. Quality of Life Research, 12(8), 963\u2013974.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13456","volume":"59","author":"American Headache Society","year":"2019","unstructured":"American Headache Society. (2019). The American Headache Society position statement on integrating new migraine treatments into clinical practice. Headache, 59(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"8","key":"2668_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026115230284","volume":"12","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ware, J. E., Jr., Kosinski, M., Bjorner, J. B., Bayliss, M. S., Batenhorst, A., Dahlof, C. G., et al. (2003). Applications of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to the assessment of headache impact. Quality of Life Research, 12(8), 935\u2013952.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"2668_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05130.x","volume":"45","author":"AK Kawata","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawata, A. K., Coeytaux, R. R., Devellis, R. F., Finkel, A. G., Mann, J. D., & Kahn, K. (2005). Psychometric properties of the HIT-6 among patients in a headache-specialty practice. Headache, 45(6), 638\u2013643.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"2668_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01786.x","volume":"29","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lipton, R. B., Kolodner, K., Bigal, M. E., Valade, D., Lainez, M. J., Pascual, J., et al. (2009). Validity and reliability of the migraine-treatment optimization questionnaire. Cephalalgia, 29(7), 751\u2013759.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413497599","volume":"34","author":"AF Smelt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smelt, A. F., Assendelft, W. J., Terwee, C. B., Ferrari, M. D., & Blom, J. W. (2014). What is a clinically relevant change on the HIT-6 questionnaire? An estimation in a primary-care population of migraine patients. Cephalalgia, 34(1), 29\u201336.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"2668_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0117-0","volume":"12","author":"R Rendas-Baum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rendas-Baum, R., Yang, M., Varon, S. F., Bloudek, L. M., DeGryse, R. E., & Kosinski, M. (2014). Validation of the headache impact test (HIT-6) in patients with chronic migraine. Health and Quality Life Outcomes, 12, 117.","journal-title":"Health and Quality Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"13","key":"2668_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1365","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009169","volume":"94","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lipton, R. B., Goadsby, P. J., Smith, J., Schaeffler, B. A., Biondi, D. M., Hirman, J., et al. (2020). Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab in patients with chronic migraine. PROMISE-2. Neurology, 94(13), e1365\u2013e1377.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2668_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658","volume":"33","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). (2013). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia, 33(9), 629\u2013808.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"2668_CR22","volume-title":"The HIT-6\u2122: A user\u2019s guide","author":"MS Bayliss","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bayliss, M. S., & Batenhorst, A. S. (2002). The HIT-6\u2122: A user\u2019s guide. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated."},{"key":"2668_CR23","unstructured":"Guy, W. (1976). ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs."},{"issue":"24","key":"2668_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00008","volume":"25","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ware, J. E., Jr. (2000). SF-36 health survey update. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 25(24), 3130\u20133139.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00647843","volume":"3","author":"C Jenkinson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jenkinson, C., Wright, L., & Coulter, A. (1994). Criterion validity and reliability of the SF-36 in a population sample. Quality of Life Research, 3(1), 7\u201312.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"2668_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00106-1","volume":"51","author":"B Gandek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gandek, B., Ware, J. E., Jr., Aaronson, N. K., Alonso, J., Apolone, G., Bjorner, J., et al. (1998). Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability of the SF-36 in eleven countries: Results from the IQOLA project. International quality of life assessment. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 1149\u20131158.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2668_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x","volume":"20","author":"M Herdman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., et al. (2011). Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Quality of Life Research, 20(10), 1727\u20131736.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"2668_CR28","unstructured":"Cai, L. (2017). flexMIRT version 3.51: Flexible multilevel multidimensional item analysis and test scoring [Computer software]. Chapel Hill, NC: Vector Psychometric Group."},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00153.x","volume":"1968","author":"F Samejima","year":"1968","unstructured":"Samejima, F. (1968). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. ETS Research Bulletin Series, 1968(1), i\u2013169.","journal-title":"ETS Research Bulletin Series"},{"issue":"4","key":"2668_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293801","volume":"46","author":"RD Bock","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bock, R. D., & Aitkin, M. (1981). Marginal maximum likelihood estimation of item parameters: Application of an EM algorithm. Psychometrika, 46(4), 443\u2013459.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.1.58","volume":"12","author":"RJ Wirth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wirth, R. J., & Edwards, M. C. (2007). Item factor analysis: Current approaches and future directions. Psychological Methods, 12(1), 58\u201379.","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2668_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1348\/000711007X249603","volume":"61","author":"L Cai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cai, L. (2008). SEM of another flavour: Two new applications of the supplemented EM algorithm. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61(Pt 2), 309\u2013329.","journal-title":"British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291170","volume":"38","author":"LR Tucker","year":"1973","unstructured":"Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"2668_CR34","volume-title":"Statistically based tests for the number of common factors, 1980 International Meeting of the Psychometric Society","author":"JH Steiger","year":"1980","unstructured":"Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. M. (1980). Statistically based tests for the number of common factors, 1980 International Meeting of the Psychometric Society. IA: Iowa City."},{"issue":"3","key":"2668_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2011.581993","volume":"18","author":"A Maydeu-Olivares","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maydeu-Olivares, A., Cai, L., & Hern\u00e1ndez, A. (2011). Comparing the fit of item response theory and factor analysis models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 18(3), 333\u2013356.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"LT Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1\u201355.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"2668_CR37","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Testing structural models","author":"MW Browne","year":"1993","unstructured":"Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Lang (Eds.), Testing structural models (pp. 136\u2013162s). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications."},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/01466216000241003","volume":"24","author":"M Orlando","year":"2000","unstructured":"Orlando, M., & Thissen, D. (2000). Likelihood-based item-fit indices for dichotomous item response theory models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 24(1), 50\u201364.","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"2","key":"2668_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-014-9411-3","volume":"80","author":"L Cai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cai, L. (2015). Lord-wingersky algorithm version 2.0 for hierarchical item factor models with applications in test scoring, scale alignment, and model fit testing. Psychometrika, 80(2), 535\u2013559.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"2668_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2009.00194.x","volume":"3","author":"MC Edwards","year":"2009","unstructured":"Edwards, M. C. (2009). An introduction to item response theory using the need for cognition scale. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(4), 507\u2013529.","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1177992180","volume":"6","author":"BD Zumbo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C. (2007). Ordinal version of coefficients alpha and theta for ordinal rating scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 21\u201329.","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods"},{"key":"2668_CR42","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"JC Nunnally","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30","volume":"1","author":"KO McGraw","year":"1996","unstructured":"McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1996). Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 30\u201346.","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"2668_CR44","unstructured":"Vector Psychometric Group, LLC (2019). Psychometric evaluation of the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) patient reported outcome measure. [unpublished statistical analysis plan]. Neurology, H. Lundbeck A\/S."},{"issue":"8","key":"2668_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13383","volume":"58","author":"DW Ayer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ayer, D. W., Skljarevski, V., Ford, J. H., Nyhuis, A. W., Lipton, R. B., & Aurora, S. K. (2018). Measures of functioning in patients with episodic migraine: Findings from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial with galcanezumab. Headache, 58(8), 1225\u20131235.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"2668_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3200\/JEXE.74.3.249-266","volume":"74","author":"LD Goodwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodwin, L. D., & Leech, N. L. (2006). Understanding correlation: Factors that affect the size of r. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74(3), 249\u2013266.","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Education"},{"key":"2668_CR47","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Mahwah, New Jersey: L. Erlbaum Associates.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR48","first-page":"159","volume":"59","author":"C Houts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Houts, C., Wirth, R. J., McGinley, J. S., Gwaltney, C., & Cady, R. (2019). Content validity of the HIT-6 in migraine patients: Results of a systematic literature review [abstract P213LB]. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 59(1), 159.","journal-title":"Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"},{"key":"2668_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410604729","volume-title":"Test scoring","author":"D Thissen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thissen, D., & Wainer, H. (2001). IRT for items scores in two categories. In D. Thissen & H. Wainer (Eds.), Test scoring (pp. 73\u2013140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers."},{"issue":"3","key":"2668_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01997.x","volume":"52","author":"CL Bagley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bagley, C. L., Rendas-Baum, R., Maglinte, G. A., Yang, M., Varon, S. F., Lee, J., et al. (2011). Validating migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire v2.1 in episodic and chronic migraine. Headache, 52(3), 409\u2013421.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"2668_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9217-1","volume":"16","author":"JC Cole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cole, J. C., Lin, P., & Rupnow, M. F. (2007). Validation of the migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQ v. 2.1) for patients undergoing prophylactic migraine treatment. Quality of Life Research, 16(7), 1231\u20131237.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"2668_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13162","volume":"57","author":"AK Kawata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawata, A. K., Hsieh, R., Bender, R., Shaffer, S., Revicki, D. A., Bayliss, M., et al. (2017). Psychometric evaluation of a novel instrument assessing the impact of migraine on physical functioning: The migraine physical function impact diary. Headache, 57(9), 1385\u20131398.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"2668_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01544.x","volume":"50","author":"KM Sauro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sauro, K. M., Rose, M. S., Becker, W. J., Christie, S. N., Giammarco, R., Mackie, G. F., et al. (2010). HIT-6 and MIDAS as measures of headache disability in a headache referral population. Headache, 50(3), 383\u2013395.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"10","key":"2668_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418789072","volume":"38","author":"DC Buse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buse, D. C., Lipton, R. B., Hallstrom, Y., Reuter, U., Tepper, S. J., Zhang, F., et al. (2018). Migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine receiving preventive treatment with erenumab. Cephalalgia, 38(10), 1622\u20131631.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2668_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01678.x","volume":"50","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dodick, D. W., Turkel, C. C., DeGryse, R. E., Aurora, S. K., Silberstein, S. D., Lipton, R. B., et al. (2010). OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: Pooled results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phases of the PREEMPT clinical program. Headache, 50(6), 921\u2013936.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"9","key":"2668_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416652092","volume":"36","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lipton, R. B., Rosen, N. L., Ailani, J., DeGryse, R. E., Gillard, P. J., & Varon, S. F. (2016). OnabotulinumtoxinA improves quality of life and reduces impact of chronic migraine over one year of treatment: Pooled results from the PREEMPT randomized clinical trial program. Cephalalgia, 36(9), 899\u2013908.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2668_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12171","volume":"129","author":"SK Aurora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aurora, S. K., Dodick, D. W., Diener, H. C., DeGryse, R. E., Turkel, C. C., Lipton, R. B., et al. (2014). OnabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability in patients who received all five treatment cycles in the PREEMPT clinical program. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 129(1), 61\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"22","key":"2668_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705848","volume":"377","author":"PJ Goadsby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goadsby, P. J., Reuter, U., Hallstrom, Y., Broessner, G., Bonner, J. H., Zhang, F., et al. (2017). A controlled trial of erenumab for episodic migraine. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(22), 2123\u20132132.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"}],"container-title":["Quality of Life Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T05:01:57Z","timestamp":1696914117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9343","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"C.R. Houts, J.S. McGinley, and R.J. Wirth are employees of Vector Psychometric Group, a company that received funding from H. Lundbeck A\/S for time spent conducting this research. J.S. McGinley has received payment from Cephalalgia as a biostatistics editor, as well as research grant support from Amgen and the National Headache Foundation. R. Cady is a full-time employee and stockholder of Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals. R.B. Lipton has been a consultant, advisory board member, and\/or has received honoraria from Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals, Allergan, American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, Amgen, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, BioVision, Boston Scientific, Dr. Reddy\u2019s Laboratories, electroCore Medical, Eli Lilly, eNeura Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pernix, Pfizer, Supernus, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Trigemina, Vector, and Vedanta. In addition, he has received compensation from eNeura and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, has stock or stock options in Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, and has received research support from Amgen, Migraine Research Foundation, and National Headache Foundation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the study used for this analysis were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to completing any measures or procedures in the study used for this analysis.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}