{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:36:29Z","timestamp":1785285389408,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Life Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess patient characteristics associated with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and its mental and physical subcategories 3\u00a0months after diagnosis with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this prospective multicentre cohort study, HR-QoL was assessed in 90 patients using the SF-36 questionnaire (36-item Short Form Health Survey), which consists of 8 health domains that can be divided into a mental and physical health component. Mental health symptoms including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5)\u00a03 months after COVID-19. Using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression analysis, we identified factors associated with impaired HR-QoL 3\u00a0months after COVID-19 diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients were 55\u00a0years of age (IQR, 49\u201363; 39% women) and were classified as severe (23%), moderate (57%), or mild (20%) according to acute disease severity. HR-QoL was impaired in 28\/90 patients (31%). Younger age [per year, adjOR (95%CI) 0.94 (0.88\u20131.00), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049], longer hospitalization [per day, adjOR (95%CI) 1.07 (1.01\u20131.13), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015], impaired sleep [adjOR (95%CI) 5.54 (1.2\u201325.61), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028], and anxiety [adjOR (95%CI) 15.67 (3.03\u201380.99), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) were independently associated with impaired HR-QoL. Twenty-nine percent (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) scored below the normal range on the mental health component\u00a0of the SF-36 and independent associations emerged for anxiety, depression, and self-reported numbness. Impairments in the physical health component\u00a0of the SF-36 were reported by 12 (13%) patients and linked to hypogeusia and fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Every third patient reported a reduction in HR-QoL 3\u00a0months after COVID-19 diagnosis and impairments were more prominent in mental than physical well-being.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02998-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T03:35:06Z","timestamp":1632800106000},"page":"1401-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Factors associated with impaired quality of life three months after being diagnosed with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Rass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan-Andrei","family":"Ianosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Zamarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Sahanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Kofler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois Josef","family":"Schiefecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Mahlknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Limmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sonnweber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Tymoszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Scherfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atbin","family":"Djamshidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kiechl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Tancevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Seppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Pfausler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Loeffler-Ragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Helbok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"954\u2013954","key":"2998_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.013","volume":"181","author":"B Oberfeld","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oberfeld, B., Achanta, A., Carpenter, K., Chen, P., Gilette, N. 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Fox Foundation, grants from International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, personal fees from Teva, personal fees from UCB, personal fees from Lundbeck, personal fees from AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Roche, and personal fees from Gr\u00fcnenthal; all outside the submitted work. PM reports grants from TWF (Tyrolean Science Fund), grants from Medtronic, personal fees from Boston Scientific, all outside the submitted work. The other authors have nothing to disclose. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The local ethics committee approved the conduct of the study (Medical University of Innsbruck, EK Nr: 1103\/2020), which was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04416100).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients gave written informed consent according to local regulations and study procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}